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Math/linear-algebra/exercise/4-linear-equations-system/linear-equations-system.tex
2021-10-05 23:24:05 +08:00

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\documentclass[UTF8, 12pt]{ctexart}
% UTF8编码ctexart现实中文
\usepackage{color}
% 使用颜色
\usepackage{geometry}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{4}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}
% 设置四级目录与标题
\geometry{papersize={21cm,29.7cm}}
% 默认大小为A4
\geometry{left=3.18cm,right=3.18cm,top=2.54cm,bottom=2.54cm}
% 默认页边距为1英尺与1.25英尺
\usepackage{indentfirst}
\setlength{\parindent}{2.45em}
% 首行缩进2个中文字符
\usepackage{setspace}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.5}
% 1.5倍行距
\usepackage{amssymb}
% 因为所以
\usepackage{amsmath}
% 数学公式
\usepackage[colorlinks,linkcolor=black,urlcolor=blue]{hyperref}
% 超链接
\author{Didnelpsun}
\title{线性方程组}
\date{}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\pagestyle{empty}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\tableofcontents
\thispagestyle{empty}
\newpage
\pagestyle{plain}
\setcounter{page}{1}
\section{基础解系}
\section{反求参数}
基本上都是给出方程组有无穷多解:
\begin{itemize}
\item 齐次方程组系数矩阵是降秩的行列式值为0。
\item 非齐次方程组:系数矩阵与增广矩阵秩相同且降秩。
\end{itemize}
\textbf{例题:}已知齐次线性方程组$\left\{\begin{array}{l}
ax_1-3x_2+3x_3=0 \\
x_1+(a+2)x_2+3x_3=0 \\
2x_1+x_2-x_3=0
\end{array}\right.$有无穷多解,求参数$a$
解:使用矩阵比较麻烦,三阶的系数矩阵可以使用行列式。
$\vert A\vert=\left\vert\begin{array}{ccc}
a & -3 & 3 \\
1 & a+2 & 3 \\
2 & 1 & -1 \\
\end{array}\right\vert=\left\vert\begin{array}{ccc}
a & 0 & 3 \\
1 & a+5 & 3 \\
2 & 0 & -1 \\
\end{array}\right\vert=(a+5)(a+6)=0$
解得$a=-5$$a=-6$
\end{document}