mirror of
https://github.com/Estom/notes.git
synced 2026-02-07 12:35:20 +08:00
150 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
# 解剖图
|
|
|
|
下图显示了组成一个图的几个matplotlib元素的名称。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
import numpy as np
|
|
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
|
|
from matplotlib.ticker import AutoMinorLocator, MultipleLocator, FuncFormatter
|
|
|
|
np.random.seed(19680801)
|
|
|
|
X = np.linspace(0.5, 3.5, 100)
|
|
Y1 = 3+np.cos(X)
|
|
Y2 = 1+np.cos(1+X/0.75)/2
|
|
Y3 = np.random.uniform(Y1, Y2, len(X))
|
|
|
|
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
|
|
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, aspect=1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def minor_tick(x, pos):
|
|
if not x % 1.0:
|
|
return ""
|
|
return "%.2f" % x
|
|
|
|
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1.000))
|
|
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(4))
|
|
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1.000))
|
|
ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(4))
|
|
ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(FuncFormatter(minor_tick))
|
|
|
|
ax.set_xlim(0, 4)
|
|
ax.set_ylim(0, 4)
|
|
|
|
ax.tick_params(which='major', width=1.0)
|
|
ax.tick_params(which='major', length=10)
|
|
ax.tick_params(which='minor', width=1.0, labelsize=10)
|
|
ax.tick_params(which='minor', length=5, labelsize=10, labelcolor='0.25')
|
|
|
|
ax.grid(linestyle="--", linewidth=0.5, color='.25', zorder=-10)
|
|
|
|
ax.plot(X, Y1, c=(0.25, 0.25, 1.00), lw=2, label="Blue signal", zorder=10)
|
|
ax.plot(X, Y2, c=(1.00, 0.25, 0.25), lw=2, label="Red signal")
|
|
ax.plot(X, Y3, linewidth=0,
|
|
marker='o', markerfacecolor='w', markeredgecolor='k')
|
|
|
|
ax.set_title("Anatomy of a figure", fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom')
|
|
ax.set_xlabel("X axis label")
|
|
ax.set_ylabel("Y axis label")
|
|
|
|
ax.legend()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def circle(x, y, radius=0.15):
|
|
from matplotlib.patches import Circle
|
|
from matplotlib.patheffects import withStroke
|
|
circle = Circle((x, y), radius, clip_on=False, zorder=10, linewidth=1,
|
|
edgecolor='black', facecolor=(0, 0, 0, .0125),
|
|
path_effects=[withStroke(linewidth=5, foreground='w')])
|
|
ax.add_artist(circle)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def text(x, y, text):
|
|
ax.text(x, y, text, backgroundcolor="white",
|
|
ha='center', va='top', weight='bold', color='blue')
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Minor tick
|
|
circle(0.50, -0.10)
|
|
text(0.50, -0.32, "Minor tick label")
|
|
|
|
# Major tick
|
|
circle(-0.03, 4.00)
|
|
text(0.03, 3.80, "Major tick")
|
|
|
|
# Minor tick
|
|
circle(0.00, 3.50)
|
|
text(0.00, 3.30, "Minor tick")
|
|
|
|
# Major tick label
|
|
circle(-0.15, 3.00)
|
|
text(-0.15, 2.80, "Major tick label")
|
|
|
|
# X Label
|
|
circle(1.80, -0.27)
|
|
text(1.80, -0.45, "X axis label")
|
|
|
|
# Y Label
|
|
circle(-0.27, 1.80)
|
|
text(-0.27, 1.6, "Y axis label")
|
|
|
|
# Title
|
|
circle(1.60, 4.13)
|
|
text(1.60, 3.93, "Title")
|
|
|
|
# Blue plot
|
|
circle(1.75, 2.80)
|
|
text(1.75, 2.60, "Line\n(line plot)")
|
|
|
|
# Red plot
|
|
circle(1.20, 0.60)
|
|
text(1.20, 0.40, "Line\n(line plot)")
|
|
|
|
# Scatter plot
|
|
circle(3.20, 1.75)
|
|
text(3.20, 1.55, "Markers\n(scatter plot)")
|
|
|
|
# Grid
|
|
circle(3.00, 3.00)
|
|
text(3.00, 2.80, "Grid")
|
|
|
|
# Legend
|
|
circle(3.70, 3.80)
|
|
text(3.70, 3.60, "Legend")
|
|
|
|
# Axes
|
|
circle(0.5, 0.5)
|
|
text(0.5, 0.3, "Axes")
|
|
|
|
# Figure
|
|
circle(-0.3, 0.65)
|
|
text(-0.3, 0.45, "Figure")
|
|
|
|
color = 'blue'
|
|
ax.annotate('Spines', xy=(4.0, 0.35), xycoords='data',
|
|
xytext=(3.3, 0.5), textcoords='data',
|
|
weight='bold', color=color,
|
|
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',
|
|
connectionstyle="arc3",
|
|
color=color))
|
|
|
|
ax.annotate('', xy=(3.15, 0.0), xycoords='data',
|
|
xytext=(3.45, 0.45), textcoords='data',
|
|
weight='bold', color=color,
|
|
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',
|
|
connectionstyle="arc3",
|
|
color=color))
|
|
|
|
ax.text(4.0, -0.4, "Made with http://matplotlib.org",
|
|
fontsize=10, ha="right", color='.5')
|
|
|
|
plt.show()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## 下载这个示例
|
|
|
|
- [下载python源码: anatomy.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/anatomy.py)
|
|
- [下载Jupyter notebook: anatomy.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/anatomy.ipynb) |