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104 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
104 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
## 基本表格
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表格由 `<table>` 标签来定义。每个表格均有若干行（由 `<tr>` 标签定义），每行被分割为若干单元格（由 `<td>` 标签定义）。字母 td 指表格数据（table data），即数据单元格的内容。数据单元格可以包含文本、图片、列表、段落、表单、水平线、表格等等。
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HTML表格元素:
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| 标签 | 属性 |
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| --- | --- |
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| `<table>` | 定义表格 |
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| `<th>` | 定义表格的表头 |
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| `<tr>` | 定义表格的行 |
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| `<td>` | 定义表格单元 |
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| `<caption>` | 定义表格标题 |
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| `<thead>` | 定义表格的页眉 |
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| `<tbody>` | 定义表格的主体 |
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| `<tfoot>` | 定义表格的页脚 |
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- 示例代码一:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>17_基本表格.html</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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</head>
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<body>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td><b>名称</b></td><td><b>性别</b></td><td><b>年龄</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>张三</td><td>男</td><td>18</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>李四</td><td>女 </td><td>16</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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- 示例代码二:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>17_基本表格.html</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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</head>
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<body>
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<table border="1" width="20%" rules="rows" frame="below">
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<tr>
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<td><b>名称</b></td><td><b>性别</b></td><td><b>年龄</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>张三</td><td>男</td><td>18</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>李四</td><td>女 </td><td>16</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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- 示例代码三:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>17_基本表格.html</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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</head>
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<body>
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<table border="1" width="20%">
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<tr align="center">
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<td><b>名称</b></td><td><b>性别</b></td><td><b>年龄</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>张三</td><td>男</td><td>18</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>李四</td><td>女 </td><td>16</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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- 示例代码四:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>17_基本表格.html</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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</head>
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<body>
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<table border="1" width="20%">
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<tr align="center">
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<td><b>名称</b></td><td><b>性别</b></td><td><b>年龄</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="center">张三</td><td>男</td><td>18</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td height="30px" width="90px">李四</td><td>女 </td><td>16</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## 带表头的表格
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`<th>` 标签定义 HTML 表格中的表头单元格。HTML 表格有两种单元格类型:
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- 表头单元格 - 包含头部信息（由 `<th>` 元素创建）
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- 标准单元格 - 包含数据（由 `<td>` 元素创建）
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> **值得注意的是:**
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>
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> - `<th>` 元素中的文本通常呈现为粗体并且居中。
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> - `<td>` 元素中的文本通常是普通的左对齐文本。
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>18_带表头的表格.html</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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</head>
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<body>
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<table border="1" width="20%">
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<tr>
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<th>名称</th><th>性别</th><th>年龄</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>张三</td><td>男</td><td>18</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>李四</td><td>女 </td><td>16</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## 带标题的表格
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`<caption>` 标签定义表格的标题。
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- `<caption>` 标签必须直接放置到 `<table>` 标签之后。
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- 只能对每个表格定义一个标题。
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- 通常这个标题会被居中于表格之上。
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>19_带标题的表格.html</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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</head>
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<body>
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<table border="1" width="20%">
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<caption>人员信息列表</caption>
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<tr>
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<th>名称</th><th>性别</th><th>年龄</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>张三</td><td>男</td><td>18</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>李四</td><td>女 </td><td>16</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## 跨行或跨列的表格
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| 属性名 | 值 | 描述 |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| colspan | number | 规定表头单元格可横跨的列数。 |
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| rowspan | number | 规定表头单元格可横跨的行数。 |
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跨列示例代码:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>20_跨行或跨列的表格.html</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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</head>
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<body>
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<h4>跨两列的表格:</h4>
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<table border="1">
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<tr>
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<th>名称</th>
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<th colspan="2">电话</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>尚硅谷</td>
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<td>555 77 854</td>
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<td>555 77 855</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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跨行示例代码:
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>20_跨行或跨列的表格.html</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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</head>
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<body>
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<h4>跨两行的表格:</h4>
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<table border="1">
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<tr>
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<th>名称:</th>
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<td>尚硅谷</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th rowspan="2">电话:</th>
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<td>555 77 854</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>555 77 855</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## 表格的页眉、主体及页脚
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- `<thead>` 标签用于组合 HTML 表格的页眉内容。
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- `<tbody>` 标签用于组合 HTML 表格的主体内容。
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- `<tfoot>` 标签用于组合 HTML 表格的页脚内容。
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通过使用这些元素，使浏览器有能力支持独立于表格表头和表格页脚的表格主体滚动。当包含多个页面的长的表格被打印时，表格的表头和页脚可被打印在包含表格数据的每张页面上。
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> **值得注意的是:**
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>
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> - `<tbody>`、`<tbody>` 及 `<tfoot>` 元素内部必须包含一个或者多个 `<tr>` 标签。
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> - `<thead>`、`<tbody>` 和 `<tfoot>` 元素默认不会影响表格的布局。
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>21_表格的页眉、主体及页脚.html</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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</head>
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<body>
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<table border="1">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>月份</th>
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<th>收入</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tfoot>
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<tr>
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<td>总和</td>
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<td>$180</td>
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</tr>
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</tfoot>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>二月</td>
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<td>$100</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>三月</td>
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<td>$80</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</body>
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</html>
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``` |