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79 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
79 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
# 在3D绘图中绘制平面对象
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演示如何使用pathpatch_2d_to_3d在3D绘图上“绘制”形状和文本。
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```python
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import numpy as np
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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from matplotlib.patches import Circle, PathPatch
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from matplotlib.text import TextPath
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from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
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# This import registers the 3D projection, but is otherwise unused.
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from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D # noqa: F401 unused import
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import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d as art3d
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def text3d(ax, xyz, s, zdir="z", size=None, angle=0, usetex=False, **kwargs):
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'''
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Plots the string 's' on the axes 'ax', with position 'xyz', size 'size',
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and rotation angle 'angle'. 'zdir' gives the axis which is to be treated
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as the third dimension. usetex is a boolean indicating whether the string
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should be interpreted as latex or not. Any additional keyword arguments
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are passed on to transform_path.
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Note: zdir affects the interpretation of xyz.
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'''
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x, y, z = xyz
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if zdir == "y":
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xy1, z1 = (x, z), y
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elif zdir == "x":
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xy1, z1 = (y, z), x
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else:
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xy1, z1 = (x, y), z
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text_path = TextPath((0, 0), s, size=size, usetex=usetex)
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trans = Affine2D().rotate(angle).translate(xy1[0], xy1[1])
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p1 = PathPatch(trans.transform_path(text_path), **kwargs)
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ax.add_patch(p1)
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art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p1, z=z1, zdir=zdir)
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fig = plt.figure()
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ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
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# Draw a circle on the x=0 'wall'
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p = Circle((5, 5), 3)
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ax.add_patch(p)
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art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p, z=0, zdir="x")
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# Manually label the axes
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text3d(ax, (4, -2, 0), "X-axis", zdir="z", size=.5, usetex=False,
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ec="none", fc="k")
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text3d(ax, (12, 4, 0), "Y-axis", zdir="z", size=.5, usetex=False,
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angle=np.pi / 2, ec="none", fc="k")
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text3d(ax, (12, 10, 4), "Z-axis", zdir="y", size=.5, usetex=False,
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angle=np.pi / 2, ec="none", fc="k")
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# Write a Latex formula on the z=0 'floor'
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text3d(ax, (1, 5, 0),
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r"$\displaystyle G_{\mu\nu} + \Lambda g_{\mu\nu} = "
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r"\frac{8\pi G}{c^4} T_{\mu\nu} $",
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zdir="z", size=1, usetex=True,
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ec="none", fc="k")
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ax.set_xlim(0, 10)
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ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
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ax.set_zlim(0, 10)
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plt.show()
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```
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## 下载这个示例
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- [下载python源码: pathpatch3d.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/pathpatch3d.py)
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- [下载Jupyter notebook: pathpatch3d.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/pathpatch3d.ipynb)
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