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652 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
---
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sidebarDepth: 3
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sidebar: auto
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---
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# The mplot3d Toolkit
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Generating 3D plots using the mplot3d toolkit.
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Contents
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- [The mplot3d Toolkit](#the-mplot3d-toolkit)
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[Getting started](#getting-started)
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[Line plots](#line-plots)
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[Scatter plots](#scatter-plots)
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[Wireframe plots](#wireframe-plots)
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[Surface plots](#surface-plots)
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[Tri-Surface plots](#tri-surface-plots)
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[Contour plots](#contour-plots)
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[Filled contour plots](#filled-contour-plots)
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[Polygon plots](#polygon-plots)
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[Bar plots](#bar-plots)
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[Quiver](#quiver)
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[2D plots in 3D](#d-plots-in-3d)
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[Text](#text)
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[Subplotting](#subplotting)
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- [Getting started](#getting-started)
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[Line plots](#line-plots)
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[Scatter plots](#scatter-plots)
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[Wireframe plots](#wireframe-plots)
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[Surface plots](#surface-plots)
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[Tri-Surface plots](#tri-surface-plots)
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[Contour plots](#contour-plots)
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[Filled contour plots](#filled-contour-plots)
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[Polygon plots](#polygon-plots)
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[Bar plots](#bar-plots)
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[Quiver](#quiver)
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[2D plots in 3D](#d-plots-in-3d)
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[Text](#text)
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[Subplotting](#subplotting)
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- [Line plots](#line-plots)
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- [Scatter plots](#scatter-plots)
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- [Wireframe plots](#wireframe-plots)
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- [Surface plots](#surface-plots)
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- [Tri-Surface plots](#tri-surface-plots)
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- [Contour plots](#contour-plots)
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- [Filled contour plots](#filled-contour-plots)
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- [Polygon plots](#polygon-plots)
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- [Bar plots](#bar-plots)
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- [Quiver](#quiver)
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- [2D plots in 3D](#d-plots-in-3d)
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- [Text](#text)
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- [Subplotting](#subplotting)
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## Getting started
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An Axes3D object is created just like any other axes using
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the projection='3d' keyword.
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Create a new [``matplotlib.figure.Figure``](https://matplotlib.orgapi/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure) and
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add a new axes to it of type ``Axes3D``:
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``` python
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
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fig = plt.figure()
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ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
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```
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*New in version 1.0.0:* This approach is the preferred method of creating a 3D axes.
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::: tip Note
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Prior to version 1.0.0, the method of creating a 3D axes was
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different. For those using older versions of matplotlib, change
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``ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')``
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to ``ax = Axes3D(fig)``.
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:::
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See the [mplot3d FAQ](https://matplotlib.orgapi/toolkits/mplot3d/faq.html#toolkit-mplot3d-faq) for more information about the mplot3d
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toolkit.
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### Line plots
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``Axes3D.````plot``(*self*, *xs*, *ys*, **args*, *zdir='z'*, ***kwargs*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.plot)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.plot)
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Plot 2D or 3D data.
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---
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Parameters:
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xs : 1D array-like
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x coordinates of vertices.
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ys : 1D array-like
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y coordinates of vertices.
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zs : scalar or 1D array-like
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z coordinates of vertices; either one for all points or one for
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each point.
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zdir : {'x', 'y', 'z'}
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When plotting 2D data, the direction to use as z ('x', 'y' or 'z');
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defaults to 'z'.
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**kwargs
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Other arguments are forwarded to [matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot).
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Lines3d
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### Scatter plots
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``Axes3D.````scatter``(*self*, *xs*, *ys*, *zs=0*, *zdir='z'*, *s=20*, *c=None*, *depthshade=True*, **args*, ***kwargs*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.scatter)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.scatter)
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Create a scatter plot.
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---
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Parameters:
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xs, ys : array-like
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The data positions.
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zs : float or array-like, optional, default: 0
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The z-positions. Either an array of the same length as xs and
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ys or a single value to place all points in the same plane.
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zdir : {'x', 'y', 'z', '-x', '-y', '-z'}, optional, default: 'z'
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The axis direction for the zs. This is useful when plotting 2D
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data on a 3D Axes. The data must be passed as xs, ys. Setting
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zdir to 'y' then plots the data to the x-z-plane.
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See also [Plot 2D data on 3D plot](https://matplotlib.org/../gallery/mplot3d/2dcollections3d.html).
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s : scalar or array-like, optional, default: 20
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The marker size in points**2. Either an array of the same length
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as xs and ys or a single value to make all markers the same
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size.
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c : color, sequence, or sequence of color, optional
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The marker color. Possible values:
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A single color format string.
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A sequence of color specifications of length n.
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A sequence of n numbers to be mapped to colors using cmap and
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norm.
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A 2-D array in which the rows are RGB or RGBA.
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For more details see the c argument of [[scatter](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.scatter.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.scatter)](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.scatter.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.scatter).
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depthshade : bool, optional, default: True
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Whether to shade the scatter markers to give the appearance of
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depth.
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**kwargs
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All other arguments are passed on to scatter.
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Returns:
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paths : [PathCollection](https://matplotlib.org/../api/collections_api.html#matplotlib.collections.PathCollection)
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Scatter3d
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### Wireframe plots
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``Axes3D.````plot_wireframe``(*self*, *X*, *Y*, *Z*, **args*, ***kwargs*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.plot_wireframe)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.plot_wireframe)
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Plot a 3D wireframe.
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::: tip Note
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The *rcount* and *ccount* kwargs, which both default to 50,
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determine the maximum number of samples used in each direction. If
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the input data is larger, it will be downsampled (by slicing) to
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these numbers of points.
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:::
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---
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Parameters:
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X, Y, Z : 2d arrays
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Data values.
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rcount, ccount : int
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Maximum number of samples used in each direction. If the input
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data is larger, it will be downsampled (by slicing) to these
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numbers of points. Setting a count to zero causes the data to be
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not sampled in the corresponding direction, producing a 3D line
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plot rather than a wireframe plot. Defaults to 50.
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New in version 2.0.
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rstride, cstride : int
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Downsampling stride in each direction. These arguments are
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mutually exclusive with rcount and ccount. If only one of
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rstride or cstride is set, the other defaults to 1. Setting a
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stride to zero causes the data to be not sampled in the
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corresponding direction, producing a 3D line plot rather than a
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wireframe plot.
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'classic' mode uses a default of rstride = cstride = 1 instead
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of the new default of rcount = ccount = 50.
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**kwargs
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Other arguments are forwarded to [Line3DCollection](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Line3DCollection.html#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Line3DCollection).
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Wire3d
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### Surface plots
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``Axes3D.````plot_surface``(*self*, *X*, *Y*, *Z*, **args*, *norm=None*, *vmin=None*, *vmax=None*, *lightsource=None*, ***kwargs*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.plot_surface)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.plot_surface)
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Create a surface plot.
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By default it will be colored in shades of a solid color, but it also
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supports color mapping by supplying the *cmap* argument.
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::: tip Note
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The *rcount* and *ccount* kwargs, which both default to 50,
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determine the maximum number of samples used in each direction. If
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the input data is larger, it will be downsampled (by slicing) to
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these numbers of points.
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:::
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---
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Parameters:
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X, Y, Z : 2d arrays
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Data values.
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rcount, ccount : int
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Maximum number of samples used in each direction. If the input
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data is larger, it will be downsampled (by slicing) to these
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numbers of points. Defaults to 50.
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New in version 2.0.
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rstride, cstride : int
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Downsampling stride in each direction. These arguments are
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mutually exclusive with rcount and ccount. If only one of
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rstride or cstride is set, the other defaults to 10.
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'classic' mode uses a default of rstride = cstride = 10 instead
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of the new default of rcount = ccount = 50.
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color : color-like
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Color of the surface patches.
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cmap : Colormap
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Colormap of the surface patches.
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facecolors : array-like of colors.
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Colors of each individual patch.
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norm : Normalize
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Normalization for the colormap.
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vmin, vmax : float
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Bounds for the normalization.
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shade : bool
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Whether to shade the facecolors. Defaults to True. Shading is
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always disabled when cmap is specified.
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lightsource : [LightSource](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.colors.LightSource.html#matplotlib.colors.LightSource)
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The lightsource to use when shade is True.
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**kwargs
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Other arguments are forwarded to [Poly3DCollection](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Poly3DCollection.html#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Poly3DCollection).
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Surface3d
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Surface3d 2
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Surface3d 3
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### Tri-Surface plots
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``Axes3D.````plot_trisurf``(*self*, **args*, *color=None*, *norm=None*, *vmin=None*, *vmax=None*, *lightsource=None*, ***kwargs*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.plot_trisurf)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.plot_trisurf)
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Plot a triangulated surface.
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The (optional) triangulation can be specified in one of two ways;
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either:
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``` python
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plot_trisurf(triangulation, ...)
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```
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where triangulation is a [``Triangulation``](https://matplotlib.orgapi/tri_api.html#matplotlib.tri.Triangulation)
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object, or:
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``` python
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plot_trisurf(X, Y, ...)
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plot_trisurf(X, Y, triangles, ...)
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plot_trisurf(X, Y, triangles=triangles, ...)
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```
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in which case a Triangulation object will be created. See
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[``Triangulation``](https://matplotlib.orgapi/tri_api.html#matplotlib.tri.Triangulation) for a explanation of
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these possibilities.
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The remaining arguments are:
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``` python
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plot_trisurf(..., Z)
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```
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where *Z* is the array of values to contour, one per point
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in the triangulation.
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---
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Parameters:
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X, Y, Z : array-like
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Data values as 1D arrays.
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color
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Color of the surface patches.
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cmap
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A colormap for the surface patches.
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norm : Normalize
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An instance of Normalize to map values to colors.
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vmin, vmax : scalar, optional, default: None
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Minimum and maximum value to map.
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shade : bool
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Whether to shade the facecolors. Defaults to True. Shading is
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always disabled when cmap is specified.
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lightsource : [LightSource](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.colors.LightSource.html#matplotlib.colors.LightSource)
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The lightsource to use when shade is True.
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**kwargs
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All other arguments are passed on to
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[Poly3DCollection](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Poly3DCollection.html#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Poly3DCollection)
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Examples
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([Source code](https://matplotlib.orggallery/mplot3d/trisurf3d.py), [png](https://matplotlib.orggallery/mplot3d/trisurf3d.png), [pdf](https://matplotlib.orggallery/mplot3d/trisurf3d.pdf))
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([Source code](https://matplotlib.orggallery/mplot3d/trisurf3d_2.py), [png](https://matplotlib.orggallery/mplot3d/trisurf3d_2.png), [pdf](https://matplotlib.orggallery/mplot3d/trisurf3d_2.pdf))
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*New in version 1.2.0:* This plotting function was added for the v1.2.0 release.
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Trisurf3d
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### Contour plots
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``Axes3D.````contour``(*self*, *X*, *Y*, *Z*, **args*, *extend3d=False*, *stride=5*, *zdir='z'*, *offset=None*, ***kwargs*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.contour)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.contour)
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Create a 3D contour plot.
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---
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Parameters:
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X, Y, Z : array-likes
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Input data.
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extend3d : bool
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Whether to extend contour in 3D; defaults to False.
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stride : int
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Step size for extending contour.
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zdir : {'x', 'y', 'z'}
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The direction to use; defaults to 'z'.
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offset : scalar
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If specified, plot a projection of the contour lines at this
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position in a plane normal to zdir
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*args, **kwargs
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Other arguments are forwarded to [matplotlib.axes.Axes.contour](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.contour.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.contour).
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Returns:
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matplotlib.contour.QuadContourSet
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Contour3d
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Contour3d 2
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Contour3d 3
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### Filled contour plots
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``Axes3D.````contourf``(*self*, *X*, *Y*, *Z*, **args*, *zdir='z'*, *offset=None*, ***kwargs*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.contourf)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.contourf)
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Create a 3D filled contour plot.
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---
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Parameters:
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X, Y, Z : array-likes
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Input data.
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zdir : {'x', 'y', 'z'}
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The direction to use; defaults to 'z'.
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offset : scalar
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If specified, plot a projection of the contour lines at this
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position in a plane normal to zdir
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*args, **kwargs
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Other arguments are forwarded to [matplotlib.axes.Axes.contourf](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.contourf.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.contourf).
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Returns:
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matplotlib.contour.QuadContourSet
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Notes
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*New in version 1.1.0:* The *zdir* and *offset* parameters.
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Contourf3d
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*New in version 1.1.0:* The feature demoed in the second contourf3d example was enabled as a
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result of a bugfix for version 1.1.0.
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### Polygon plots
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``Axes3D.````add_collection3d``(*self*, *col*, *zs=0*, *zdir='z'*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.add_collection3d)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.add_collection3d)
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Add a 3D collection object to the plot.
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2D collection types are converted to a 3D version by
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modifying the object and adding z coordinate information.
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Supported are:
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- PolyCollection
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- LineCollection
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- PatchCollection
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Polys3d
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### Bar plots
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``Axes3D.````bar``(*self*, *left*, *height*, *zs=0*, *zdir='z'*, **args*, ***kwargs*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.bar)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.bar)
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Add 2D bar(s).
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---
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Parameters:
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left : 1D array-like
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The x coordinates of the left sides of the bars.
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height : 1D array-like
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The height of the bars.
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zs : scalar or 1D array-like
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Z coordinate of bars; if a single value is specified, it will be
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used for all bars.
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zdir : {'x', 'y', 'z'}
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When plotting 2D data, the direction to use as z ('x', 'y' or 'z');
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defaults to 'z'.
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**kwargs
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Other arguments are forwarded to [matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar](https://matplotlib.org/../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes.bar).
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Returns:
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mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Patch3DCollection
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Bars3d
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### Quiver
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``Axes3D.````quiver``(*X*, *Y*, *Z*, *U*, *V*, *W*, */*, *length=1*, *arrow_length_ratio=.3*, *pivot='tail'*, *normalize=False*, ***kwargs*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.quiver)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.quiver)
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|
Plot a 3D field of arrows.
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|
|
|
The arguments could be array-like or scalars, so long as they
|
|
they can be broadcast together. The arguments can also be
|
|
masked arrays. If an element in any of argument is masked, then
|
|
that corresponding quiver element will not be plotted.
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|
|
|
|
|
---
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|
|
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|
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Parameters:
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X, Y, Z : array-like
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|
The x, y and z coordinates of the arrow locations (default is
|
|
tail of arrow; see pivot kwarg)
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|
|
|
U, V, W : array-like
|
|
The x, y and z components of the arrow vectors
|
|
|
|
length : float
|
|
The length of each quiver, default to 1.0, the unit is
|
|
the same with the axes
|
|
|
|
arrow_length_ratio : float
|
|
The ratio of the arrow head with respect to the quiver,
|
|
default to 0.3
|
|
|
|
pivot : {'tail', 'middle', 'tip'}
|
|
The part of the arrow that is at the grid point; the arrow
|
|
rotates about this point, hence the name pivot.
|
|
Default is 'tail'
|
|
|
|
normalize : bool
|
|
When True, all of the arrows will be the same length. This
|
|
defaults to False, where the arrows will be different lengths
|
|
depending on the values of u,v,w.
|
|
|
|
**kwargs
|
|
Any additional keyword arguments are delegated to
|
|
[LineCollection](https://matplotlib.org/../api/collections_api.html#matplotlib.collections.LineCollection)
|
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Quiver3d
|
|
|
|
### 2D plots in 3D
|
|
|
|
2dcollections3d
|
|
|
|
### Text
|
|
|
|
|
|
``Axes3D.````text``(*self*, *x*, *y*, *z*, *s*, *zdir=None*, ***kwargs*)[[source]](https://matplotlib.org_modules/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.html#Axes3D.text)[¶](#mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.Axes3D.text)
|
|
|
|
Add text to the plot. kwargs will be passed on to Axes.text,
|
|
except for the ``zdir`` keyword, which sets the direction to be
|
|
used as the z direction.
|
|
|
|
Text3d
|
|
|
|
### Subplotting
|
|
|
|
Having multiple 3D plots in a single figure is the same
|
|
as it is for 2D plots. Also, you can have both 2D and 3D plots
|
|
in the same figure.
|
|
|
|
*New in version 1.0.0:* Subplotting 3D plots was added in v1.0.0. Earlier version can not
|
|
do this.
|
|
|
|
Subplot3d
|
|
|
|
## Download
|
|
|
|
- [Download Python source code: mplot3d.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/3227f29a1f1a9db7dd710eac0e54c41e/mplot3d.py)
|
|
- [Download Jupyter notebook: mplot3d.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/7105a36ab795ee5c5746ba7f95602c0d/mplot3d.ipynb)
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|