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97 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
97 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
# 箱形图中的艺术
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此示例演示如何使用各种kwargs完全自定义箱形图。第一个图演示了如何删除和添加单个组件（请注意，平均值是默认情况下未显示的唯一值）。第二个图展示了如何定制艺术家的风格。它还演示了如何将胡须的极限设置为特定的百分位数（右下轴）
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关于箱形图及其历史的一般参考可以在这里找到：http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/boxplots.pdf
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```python
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import numpy as np
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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# fake data
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np.random.seed(19680801)
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data = np.random.lognormal(size=(37, 4), mean=1.5, sigma=1.75)
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labels = list('ABCD')
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fs = 10 # fontsize
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```
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演示如何切换不同元素的显示：
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```python
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fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=3, figsize=(6, 6), sharey=True)
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axes[0, 0].boxplot(data, labels=labels)
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axes[0, 0].set_title('Default', fontsize=fs)
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axes[0, 1].boxplot(data, labels=labels, showmeans=True)
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axes[0, 1].set_title('showmeans=True', fontsize=fs)
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axes[0, 2].boxplot(data, labels=labels, showmeans=True, meanline=True)
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axes[0, 2].set_title('showmeans=True,\nmeanline=True', fontsize=fs)
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axes[1, 0].boxplot(data, labels=labels, showbox=False, showcaps=False)
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tufte_title = 'Tufte Style \n(showbox=False,\nshowcaps=False)'
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axes[1, 0].set_title(tufte_title, fontsize=fs)
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axes[1, 1].boxplot(data, labels=labels, notch=True, bootstrap=10000)
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axes[1, 1].set_title('notch=True,\nbootstrap=10000', fontsize=fs)
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axes[1, 2].boxplot(data, labels=labels, showfliers=False)
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axes[1, 2].set_title('showfliers=False', fontsize=fs)
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for ax in axes.flatten():
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ax.set_yscale('log')
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ax.set_yticklabels([])
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fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.4)
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plt.show()
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```
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演示如何自定义显示不同的元素：
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```python
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boxprops = dict(linestyle='--', linewidth=3, color='darkgoldenrod')
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flierprops = dict(marker='o', markerfacecolor='green', markersize=12,
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linestyle='none')
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medianprops = dict(linestyle='-.', linewidth=2.5, color='firebrick')
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meanpointprops = dict(marker='D', markeredgecolor='black',
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markerfacecolor='firebrick')
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meanlineprops = dict(linestyle='--', linewidth=2.5, color='purple')
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fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=3, figsize=(6, 6), sharey=True)
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axes[0, 0].boxplot(data, boxprops=boxprops)
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axes[0, 0].set_title('Custom boxprops', fontsize=fs)
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axes[0, 1].boxplot(data, flierprops=flierprops, medianprops=medianprops)
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axes[0, 1].set_title('Custom medianprops\nand flierprops', fontsize=fs)
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axes[0, 2].boxplot(data, whis='range')
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axes[0, 2].set_title('whis="range"', fontsize=fs)
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axes[1, 0].boxplot(data, meanprops=meanpointprops, meanline=False,
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showmeans=True)
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axes[1, 0].set_title('Custom mean\nas point', fontsize=fs)
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axes[1, 1].boxplot(data, meanprops=meanlineprops, meanline=True,
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showmeans=True)
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axes[1, 1].set_title('Custom mean\nas line', fontsize=fs)
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axes[1, 2].boxplot(data, whis=[15, 85])
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axes[1, 2].set_title('whis=[15, 85]\n#percentiles', fontsize=fs)
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for ax in axes.flatten():
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ax.set_yscale('log')
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ax.set_yticklabels([])
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fig.suptitle("I never said they'd be pretty")
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fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.4)
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plt.show()
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```
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## 下载这个示例
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- [下载python源码: boxplot.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/boxplot.py)
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- [下载Jupyter notebook: boxplot.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/boxplot.ipynb) |