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AI常用函数说明.md
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AI常用函数说明.md
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# AI常用函数说明
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## numpy 相关
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> from numpy import random, mat, eye
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```py
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'''
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# NumPy 矩阵和数组的区别
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NumPy存在2中不同的数据类型:
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1. 矩阵 matrix
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2. 数组 array
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相似点:
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都可以处理行列表示的数字元素
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不同点:
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1. 2个数据类型上执行相同的数据运算可能得到不同的结果。
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2. NumPy函数库中的 matrix 与 MATLAB中 matrices 等价。
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'''
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from numpy import random, mat, eye
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# 生成一个 4*4 的随机数组
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randArray = random.rand(4, 4)
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# 转化关系, 数组转化为矩阵
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randMat = mat(randArray)
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'''
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.I 表示对矩阵求逆(可以利用矩阵的初等变换)
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意义: 逆矩阵是一个判断相似性的工具。逆矩阵A与列向量p相乘后,将得到列向量q,q的第i个分量表示p与A的第i个列向量的相似度。
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参考案例链接:
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https://www.zhihu.com/question/33258489
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http://blog.csdn.net/vernice/article/details/48506027
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.T 表示对矩阵转置(行列颠倒)
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* 等同于: .transpose()
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.A 返回矩阵基于的数组
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参考案例链接:
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http://blog.csdn.net/qq403977698/article/details/47254539
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'''
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invRandMat = randMat.I
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TraRandMat = randMat.T
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ArrRandMat = randMat.A
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# 输出结果
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print('randArray=(%s) \n' % type(randArray), randArray)
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print('randMat=(%s) \n' % type(randMat), randMat)
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print('invRandMat=(%s) \n' % type(invRandMat), invRandMat)
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print('TraRandMat=(%s) \n' % type(TraRandMat), TraRandMat)
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print('ArrRandMat=(%s) \n' % type(ArrRandMat), ArrRandMat)
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# 矩阵和逆矩阵 进行求积 (单位矩阵,对角线都为1嘛,理论上4*4的矩阵其他的都为0)
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myEye = randMat*invRandMat
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# 误差
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print(myEye - eye(4))
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```
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> np.dot
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```py
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import numpy as np
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a = np.array([2, 3])
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b = np.array([4, 5])
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np.dot(a, b, out=None) #该函数的作用是获取两个元素a,b的乘积
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Out[1]: 23 = 2*4 + 3*5
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a = np.array([2, 3, 4])
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b = np.array([5, 6, 7])
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np.dot(a, b, out=None) #该函数的作用是获取两个元素a,b的乘积
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Out[2]: 56 = 2*5 + 3*6 + 4*7
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```
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> array sum/mean
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```py
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import numpy as np
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# ---- sum ---- #
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a = np.array([[2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4]])
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# 纵向求和: 0 表示某一列所有的行求和
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a.sum(axis=0)
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Out[6]: array([4, 6, 8])
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# 横向求和: 1 表示某一行所有的列求和
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a.sum(axis=1)
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Out[7]: array([9, 9])
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# ---- mean ---- #
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a = np.array([[2, 3, 4], [12, 13, 14]])
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# 纵向求平均: 0 表示某一列所有的行求和
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a.mean(axis=0)
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Out[13]: array([7., 8., 9.])
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# 横向求平均: 1 表示某一行所有的列求平均
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a.mean(axis=1)
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Out[14]: array([ 3., 13.])
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```
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> np.newaxis
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* numpy 添加新的维度: newaxis(可以给原数组增加一个维度)
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```py
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import numpy as np
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In [59]: x = np.random.randint(1, 8, size=(2, 3, 4))
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In [60]: y = x[:, np.newaxis, :, :]
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In [61]: Z = x[ :, :, np.newaxis, :]
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In [62]: x. shape
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Out[62]: (2, 3, 4)
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In [63]: y. shape
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Out[63]: (2, 1, 3, 4)
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In [64]: z. shape
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Out [64]: (2, 3, 1, 4)
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```
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## keras 相关
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> from keras.preprocessing.sequence import pad_sequences
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```python
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from keras.preprocessing.sequence import pad_sequences
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# padding: pre(默认) 向前补充0 post 向后补充0
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# truncating: 文本超过 pad_num, pre(默认) 删除前面 post 删除后面
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x = [[1,2,3,4,5]]
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x_train = pad_sequences(x, maxlen=pad_num, value=0, padding='post', truncating="post")
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print("--- ", x_train[0][:20])
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```
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@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
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* 面试求职: <https://www.ixigua.com/pseries/6822563009391493636/>
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* 机器学习实战: <https://www.ixigua.com/pseries/6822816341615968772/>
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* NLP教学视频: <https://www.ixigua.com/pseries/6828241431295951373/>
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* **AI常用函数说明**: <https://github.com/apachecn/AiLearning/tree/master/AI常用函数说明.md>
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## 1.机器学习 - 基础
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