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150 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
# requests 模块：HTTP for Human
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In [1]:
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```py
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import requests
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```
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Python 标准库中的 `urllib2` 模块提供了你所需要的大多数 `HTTP` 功能，但是它的 `API` 不是特别方便使用。
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`requests` 模块号称 `HTTP for Human`，它可以这样使用：
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In [2]:
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```py
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r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get")
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r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})
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r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
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r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")
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r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")
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r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")
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```
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## 传入 URL 参数
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假如我们想访问 `httpbin.org/get?key=val`，我们可以使用 `params` 传入这些参数：
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In [3]:
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```py
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payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
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r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
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```
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查看 `url` ：
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In [4]:
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```py
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print(r.url)
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```
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```py
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http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1
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```
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## 读取响应内容
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`Requests` 会自动解码来自服务器的内容。大多数 `unicode` 字符集都能被无缝地解码。
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In [5]:
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```py
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r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
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print r.text
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```
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```py
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{"message":"Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you’re reading this then you probably didn’t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.","documentation_url":"https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events"}
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```
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查看文字编码：
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In [6]:
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```py
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r.encoding
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```
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Out[6]:
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```py
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'utf-8'
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```
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每次改变文字编码，`text` 的内容也随之变化：
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In [7]:
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```py
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r.encoding = "ISO-8859-1"
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r.text
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```
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Out[7]:
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```py
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u'{"message":"Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you\xe2\x80\x99re reading this then you probably didn\xe2\x80\x99t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.","documentation_url":"https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events"}'
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```
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`Requests` 中也有一个内置的 `JSON` 解码器处理 `JSON` 数据：
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In [8]:
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```py
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r.json()
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```
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Out[8]:
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```py
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{u'documentation_url': u'https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events',
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u'message': u'Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you\xe2\x80\x99re reading this then you probably didn\xe2\x80\x99t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.'}
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```
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如果 `JSON` 解码失败， `r.json` 就会抛出一个异常。
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## 响应状态码
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In [9]:
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```py
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r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
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r.status_code
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```
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Out[9]:
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```py
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407
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```
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## 响应头
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In [10]:
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```py
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r.headers['Content-Type']
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```
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Out[10]:
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```py
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'text/html'
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``` |