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* [1.4 文件系统](tranlate_books/book-riscv-rev1/c1/s1_4.md)
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* [1.5 真实世界](tranlate_books/book-riscv-rev1/c1/s1_5.md)
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* [1.6 练习](tranlate_books/book-riscv-rev1/c1/s1_6.md)
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* [第二章 操作系统架构](tranlate_books/book-riscv-rev1/c2/s2_0.md)
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1.2" data-path="tranlate_books/book-riscv-rev1/c2/s2_0.html">
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<a href="tranlate_books/book-riscv-rev1/c2/s2_0.html">
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第二章 操作系统架构
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1.2" data-path="../c2/s2_0.html">
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<a href="../c2/s2_0.html">
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第二章 操作系统架构
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</a>
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第二章 操作系统架构
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第二章 操作系统架构
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||||
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||||
第二章 操作系统架构
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||||
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
第二章 操作系统架构
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
|
||||
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book-riscv-rev1
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第一章 操作系统接口
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1.1 进程和内存
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第二章 操作系统架构
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<p>操作系统的一个关键要求是同时支持多个活动。例如，使用第1章中描述的系统调用接口，一个进程可以用<code>fork</code>启动新进程。操作系统必须在这些进程之间分时使用计算机资源。例如，即使进程比硬件处理器多，操作系统也必须确保所有进程都有机会执行。操作系统还必须安排进程之间的隔离。也就是说，如果一个进程有错误和故障，它不应该影响不依赖于有错误的进程的进程。然而，完全隔离又太过头了，进程之间应当可以进行刻意为之的交互；管道就是一个例子。因此，操作系统必须满足三个要求：多路复用、隔离和交互。</p>
|
||||
<p>本章概述了如何组织操作系统来实现这三个要求。事实证明，有很多方法可以做到这一点，但是本文侧重于以<strong>宏内核</strong>为中心的主流设计，许多Unix操作系统都使用这种内核。本章还概述了xv6进程（它是xv6中的隔离单元）以及xv6启动时第一个进程的创建。</p>
|
||||
<p>Xv6运行在多核RISC-V微处理器上，它的许多低级功能（例如，它的进程实现）是特定于RISC-V的。RISC-V是一个64位的中央处理器，xv6是用基于“LP64”的C语言编写的，这意味着C语言中的<code>long</code>（L）和指针（P）变量都是64位的，但<code>int</code>是32位的。这本书假设读者已经在一些架构上做了一些机器级编程，并将在出现时介绍RISC-V特定的想法。RISC-V的一个有用的参考文献是《The RISC-V Reader: An Open Architecture Atlas》。用户级ISA和特权指令架构均是官方规范。</p>
|
||||
<p>完整计算机中的CPU被支撑硬件包围，其中大部分是以I/O接口的形式。Xv6是以qemu的“-machine virt”选项模拟的支撑硬件编写的。这包括RAM、包含引导代码的ROM、一个到用户键盘/屏幕的串行连接，以及一个用于存储的磁盘。</p>
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9
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Normal file
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Normal file
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# 第二章 操作系统架构
|
||||
|
||||
操作系统的一个关键要求是同时支持多个活动。例如，使用第1章中描述的系统调用接口，一个进程可以用`fork`启动新进程。操作系统必须在这些进程之间分时使用计算机资源。例如，即使进程比硬件处理器多，操作系统也必须确保所有进程都有机会执行。操作系统还必须安排进程之间的隔离。也就是说，如果一个进程有错误和故障，它不应该影响不依赖于有错误的进程的进程。然而，完全隔离又太过头了，进程之间应当可以进行刻意为之的交互；管道就是一个例子。因此，操作系统必须满足三个要求：多路复用、隔离和交互。
|
||||
|
||||
本章概述了如何组织操作系统来实现这三个要求。事实证明，有很多方法可以做到这一点，但是本文侧重于以**宏内核**为中心的主流设计，许多Unix操作系统都使用这种内核。本章还概述了xv6进程（它是xv6中的隔离单元）以及xv6启动时第一个进程的创建。
|
||||
|
||||
Xv6运行在多核RISC-V微处理器上，它的许多低级功能（例如，它的进程实现）是特定于RISC-V的。RISC-V是一个64位的中央处理器，xv6是用基于“LP64”的C语言编写的，这意味着C语言中的`long`（L）和指针（P）变量都是64位的，但`int`是32位的。这本书假设读者已经在一些架构上做了一些机器级编程，并将在出现时介绍RISC-V特定的想法。RISC-V的一个有用的参考文献是《The RISC-V Reader: An Open Architecture Atlas》。用户级ISA和特权指令架构均是官方规范。
|
||||
|
||||
完整计算机中的CPU被支撑硬件包围，其中大部分是以I/O接口的形式。Xv6是以qemu的“-machine virt”选项模拟的支撑硬件编写的。这包括RAM、包含引导代码的ROM、一个到用户键盘/屏幕的串行连接，以及一个用于存储的磁盘。
|
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@@ -240,6 +240,19 @@
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</ul>
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第二章 操作系统架构
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# 第二章 操作系统架构
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操作系统的一个关键要求是同时支持多个活动。例如，使用第1章中描述的系统调用接口，一个进程可以用`fork`启动新进程。操作系统必须在这些进程之间分时使用计算机资源。例如，即使进程比硬件处理器多，操作系统也必须确保所有进程都有机会执行。操作系统还必须安排进程之间的隔离。也就是说，如果一个进程有错误和故障，它不应该影响不依赖于有错误的进程的进程。然而，完全隔离又太过头了，进程之间应当可以进行刻意为之的交互；管道就是一个例子。因此，操作系统必须满足三个要求：多路复用、隔离和交互。
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本章概述了如何组织操作系统来实现这三个要求。事实证明，有很多方法可以做到这一点，但是本文侧重于以**宏内核**为中心的主流设计，许多Unix操作系统都使用这种内核。本章还概述了xv6进程（它是xv6中的隔离单元）以及xv6启动时第一个进程的创建。
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Xv6运行在多核RISC-V微处理器上，它的许多低级功能（例如，它的进程实现）是特定于RISC-V的。RISC-V是一个64位的中央处理器，xv6是用基于“LP64”的C语言编写的，这意味着C语言中的`long`（L）和指针（P）变量都是64位的，但`int`是32位的。这本书假设读者已经在一些架构上做了一些机器级编程，并将在出现时介绍RISC-V特定的想法。RISC-V的一个有用的参考文献是《The RISC-V Reader: An Open Architecture Atlas》。用户级ISA和特权指令架构均是官方规范。
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完整计算机中的CPU被支撑硬件包围，其中大部分是以I/O接口的形式。Xv6是以qemu的“-machine virt”选项模拟的支撑硬件编写的。这包括RAM、包含引导代码的ROM、一个到用户键盘/屏幕的串行连接，以及一个用于存储的磁盘。
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Reference in New Issue
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