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src/chapter_3/chapter_3_3.md
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## 3.3 函数(Function)
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### 3.3.1. 函数定义
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fn关键字、函数名、函数参数名及其类型(如果有的话)、返回值类型(如果有的话)组成函数签名, 加上由一对花括号包含的函数体组成函数。例子如下:
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```
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// 一个没有参数,也没有返回值的函数
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fn print_line() {
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println!("++++++++++++++++");
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}
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// 一个有参数,没有返回值的函数
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fn print(x: u32) {
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println!("result is {:?}", x);
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}
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// 一个有参数,也有返回值的函数
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fn sum(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
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a + b
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}
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// main函数是rust程序的入口函数
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fn main() {
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print_line();
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let a = 1u32;
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let b = 2u32;
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let r = sum(a, b);
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print(r);
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}
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```
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Rust中,函数也可以定义在函数内部,如下:
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```
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fn calculate(a: u32, b: u32) {
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println!("a is {:?}", a);
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println!("b is {:?}", b);
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// 在函数内部定义函数
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fn sum(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
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a + b
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}
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let r = sum(a, b);
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println!("a + b is {:?}", r);
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}
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fn main() {
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let a = 1u32;
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let b = 2u32;
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calculate(a, b);
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}
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```
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### 3.3.2. 语句和表达式
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Rust中,语句是执行一个写操作但不返回值的指令,表达式则计算并产生一个值。
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```
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fn main() {
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let a = 1u32; // "1u32"就是一个表达式, “let a = 1u32;”则是一个语句
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let b = a + 1;// “a + 1”就是一个表达式,“let b = a + 1;”则是一个语句
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// 下面的代码中,
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// “ b + d ”是一个表达式,
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let c = {
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let d = 2u32;
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b + d //注意:这里是没有分号的
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}; // c = 4
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}
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```
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### 3.3.3. 函数返回值
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- 使用return指定返回值,如下:
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```
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fn sum(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
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let r = a + b;
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return r //可以加分号,也可以不加分号, 所以这行等价于“return r;”
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}
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fn main() {
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let a = 1u32;
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let b = 2u32;
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let c = sum(a, b);
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println!("c = {:?}", c);
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}
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```
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特别的return关键字不指定值时,表示返回的是(),如下:
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```
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fn my_function() -> () {
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println!("some thing");
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return; //等价于 “return ()”
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}
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```
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- 不使用return关键字,将返回最后一条执行的表达式的计算结果,如下:
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```
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fn sum(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
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println!("a is {:?}", a);
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println!("b is {:?}", b);
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a + b //注意,是没有加分号的
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}
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fn main() {
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let a = 1u32;
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let b = 2u32;
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let c = sum(a, b);
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println!("c = {:?}", c);
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}
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```
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