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@@ -163,6 +163,26 @@
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<div class="md-header__option">
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<div class="md-select">
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<button class="md-header__button md-icon" aria-label="选择当前语言">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.52 17.52 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11.76-2.04M18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2l-4.5-12m-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17h-3.24Z"/></svg>
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</button>
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<div class="md-select__inner">
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<ul class="md-select__list">
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<li class="md-select__item">
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<a href="/" hreflang="zh" class="md-select__link">
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中文
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
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@@ -3410,9 +3430,9 @@
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<p>由于以上编程语言对字符数量的低估，它们不得不采取“代理对”的方式来表示超过 16 位长度的 Unicode 字符。这是一个不得已为之的无奈之举。一方面，包含代理对的字符串中，一个字符可能占用 2 字节或 4 字节，从而丧失了等长编码的优势。另一方面，处理代理对需要增加额外代码，这增加了编程的复杂性和 Debug 难度。</p>
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<p>出于以上原因，部分编程语言提出了一些不同的编码方案。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Python 3 使用一种灵活的字符串表示，存储的字符长度取决于字符串中最大的 Unicode 码点。对于全部是 ASCII 字符的字符串，每个字符占用 1 个字节；如果字符串中包含的字符超出了 ASCII 范围，但全部在基本多语言平面（BMP）内，每个字符占用 2 个字节；如果字符串中有超出 BMP 的字符，那么每个字符占用 4 个字节。</li>
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<li>Python 中的 <code>str</code> 使用 Unicode 编码，并采用一种灵活的字符串表示，存储的字符长度取决于字符串中最大的 Unicode 码点。若字符串中全部是 ASCII 字符，则每个字符占用 1 个字节；如果有字符超出了 ASCII 范围，但全部在基本多语言平面（BMP）内，则每个字符占用 2 个字节；如果有超出 BMP 的字符，则每个字符占用 4 个字节。</li>
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<li>Go 语言的 <code>string</code> 类型在内部使用 UTF-8 编码。Go 语言还提供了 <code>rune</code> 类型，它用于表示单个 Unicode 码点。</li>
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<li>Rust 语言的 str 和 String 类型在内部使用 UTF-8 编码。Rust 也提供了 char 类型，用于表示单个 Unicode 码点。</li>
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<li>Rust 语言的 str 和 String 类型在内部使用 UTF-8 编码。Rust 也提供了 <code>char</code> 类型，用于表示单个 Unicode 码点。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>需要注意的是，以上讨论的都是字符串在编程语言中的存储方式，<strong>这和字符串如何在文件中存储或在网络中传输是两个不同的问题</strong>。在文件存储或网络传输中，我们通常会将字符串编码为 UTF-8 格式，以达到最优的兼容性和空间效率。</p>
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@@ -3482,7 +3502,12 @@ aria-label="页脚"
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<!-- Comment system -->
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<h5 align="center" id="__comments">欢迎在评论区留下你的见解、疑惑或建议</h5>
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<!-- Insert generated snippet here -->
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<script
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src="https://giscus.app/client.js"
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@@ -3548,31 +3573,48 @@ aria-label="页脚"
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</main>
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<!--
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Copyright (c) 2016-2023 Martin Donath <martin.donath@squidfunk.com>
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
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deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
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rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
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sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
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IN THE SOFTWARE.
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-->
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<!-- Footer -->
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<footer class="md-footer">
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<!-- Further information -->
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<footer class="md-footer">
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<nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label="页脚" >
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<a href="../number_encoding/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="上一页: 3.3 &nbsp; 数字编码 *" rel="prev">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg>
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上一页
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<div class="md-ellipsis">
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3.3 数字编码 *
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</div>
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</div>
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</a>
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<a href="../summary/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="下一页: 3.5 &nbsp; 小结" rel="next">
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下一页
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<div class="md-ellipsis">
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3.5 小结
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11H4Z"/></svg>
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</div>
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</a>
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</nav>
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<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
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<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
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<div class="md-copyright">
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@@ -3582,14 +3624,7 @@ aria-label="页脚"
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