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<div align="center">
# C++ 那些事
<p align="center">
<a href="./README.md">🇨🇳 中文</a> |
<a href="./README_EN.md">🇺🇸 English</a>
</p>
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/stargazers">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings?style=flat-square&color=yellow" alt="GitHub Stars">
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/network/members">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/forks/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings?style=flat-square&color=blue" alt="GitHub Forks">
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/issues">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/issues/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings?style=flat-square&color=red" alt="GitHub Issues">
</a>
<a href="LICENSE">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/license/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings?style=flat-square&color=green" alt="License">
</a>
</p>
<p align="center">
<strong>C++ 那些事 | 从入门到进阶的 C++ 学习之旅 | 深入理解现代 C++</strong>
</p>
</div>
---
- [C++ 那些事](#c-那些事)
- [重磅项目](#重磅项目)
- [关于作者](#关于作者)
@@ -50,6 +82,10 @@
这是一个适合初学者从<u>**入门到进阶**</u>的仓库，解决了<u>**面试者与学习者**</u>想要<u>**深入 C++**</u> 及如何<u>**入坑 C++**</u> 的问题。除此之外，本仓库拓展了更加深入的源码分析，多线程并发等的知识，是一个比较全面的 C++ 学习从入门到进阶提升的仓库。
> 🎯 **适合人群**: C++ 初学者、面试准备者、想系统学习 Modern C++ 的开发者
> 📚 **涵盖内容**: C++11/14/17/20 新特性、STL 源码剖析、设计模式、并发编程
> 🔧 **实践导向**: 配套完整代码示例和实战项目
### 重磅项目
@@ -421,17 +457,5 @@ map<int, int> mp{
- [C++ 中如何将 string 类型转换为 int 类型？](./extension/some_problem/string_int.md)
### 贡献者
| 贡献人 | 地址 |
| ------- | ----------------------------- |
| 光城 | https://github.com/Light-City |
| ChungZH | https://github.com/ChungZH |
| xliu79 | https://github.com/xliu79 |

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<div align="center">
# Stories About C Plus Plus
Thanks for all the support about << Stories About C ++ >>~~, right now you could open this link(https://light-city.club/sc/) to read this article.~~
Any star, retweet or pr will be welcomed.
<p align="center">
<a href="./README.md">🇨🇳 中文</a> |
<a href="./README_EN.md">🇺🇸 English</a>
</p>
**Notice: The website is not available now.**
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/stargazers">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings?style=flat-square&color=yellow" alt="GitHub Stars">
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/network/members">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/forks/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings?style=flat-square&color=blue" alt="GitHub Forks">
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/issues">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/issues/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings?style=flat-square&color=red" alt="GitHub Issues">
</a>
<a href="LICENSE">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/license/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings?style=flat-square&color=green" alt="License">
</a>
</p>
<p align="center">
<strong>Stories About C++ | Your Journey from Beginner to Advanced | Deep Dive into Modern C++</strong>
</p>
</div>
---
- [Stories About C++](#stories-about-c++)
- [Featured Projects](#featured-projects)
- [About the Author](#about-the-author)
- [Project Setup](#project-setup)
- [Method 1: VSCode + Bazel](#method-1-vscode--bazel)
- [Method 2: Docker](#method-2-docker)
- [Method 3: g++](#method-3-g)
- [Video Tutorials](#video-tutorials)
- [Feishu Knowledge Base](#feishu-knowledge-base)
- [Foundation](#foundation)
- [Practical Exercises](#practical-exercises)
- [10-Day Practice](#10-day-practice)
- [Key Exercises](#key-exercises)
- [C++2.0 New Features](#c20-new-features)
- [Overview](#overview)
- [C++11 New Features](#c11-new-features)
- [C++14/17/20](#c141720)
- [Design Patterns](#design-patterns)
- [STL Source Code Analysis](#stl-source-code-analysis)
- [Concurrency Programming](#concurrency-programming)
- [C++ Concurrency in Action](#c-concurrency-in-action)
- [Multithreading and Multiprocess](#multithreading-and-multiprocess)
- [Threading In C++](#threading-in-c)
- [C++ Idioms](#c-idioms)
- [What's your favorite C++ programming idiom?](#whats-your-favorite-c-programming-idiom)
- [Learning Courses](#learning-courses)
- [GeekTime "Modern C++ in Action 30 Lessons"](#geektime-modern-c-in-action-30-lessons)
- [Tools](#tools)
- [Container Quick Output Tool](#container-quick-output-tool)
- [Output Like Python (Jupyter Notebook)](#output-like-python-jupyter-notebook)
- [Observe Compilation Process](#observe-compilation-process)
- [C++ Debug Tool dbg-macro](#c-debug-tool-dbg-macro)
- [Linux Debug Tool rr - Ability to Go Back in Time](#linux-debug-tool-rr---ability-to-go-back-in-time)
- [Extensions](#extensions)
- [Some Questions](#some-questions)
# Stories About C++
Thank you for your support of *Stories About C++*. The content is also available on Bilibili in video format for easier learning. Welcome to star, share, and submit PRs.
Online Personal Blog: [Light City Lab](https://light-city.github.io/)
Online Learning Site: [Stories About C++](https://light-city.github.io/stories_things/)
- Chinese Name: **C++ 那些事**
- English Name: **Stories About C Plus Plus**
This repository is designed for beginners to advance from <u>**entry level to mastery**</u>. It addresses the needs of <u>**interviewees and learners**</u> who want to <u>**deeply understand C++**</u> and <u>**get started with C++**</u>. Beyond the fundamentals, this repository also covers more advanced topics such as in-depth source code analysis and multi-threaded concurrency. It is a comprehensive C++ learning resource, from beginner to advanced improvement.
> 🎯 **Target Audience**: C++ beginners, interview candidates, developers wanting to systematically learn Modern C++
> 📚 **Content Covered**: C++11/14/17/20 new features, STL source code analysis, design patterns, concurrency programming
> 🔧 **Practice-Oriented**: Complete code examples and practical projects included
-----------------------
### Featured Projects
A series of featured projects have been launched to guide you through practical C++ learning. Combined with this open-source project, you'll grow rapidly!
Direct Link: [Click Here](./proj/README.md)
### About the Author
The WeChat Official Account has opened two major entry points: albums and menus. You can directly read *Stories About C++* content on WeChat, paired with the code in this repository for an excellent experience. We recommend following us.
Personal WeChat Official Account: guangcity
Or scan the QR code below. We welcome your feedback and C++ discussions. I have created a C++ Stories exchange group on WeChat, a high-quality C++ resource exchange area. Please follow the above official account, click the bottom right corner → Contact Me, and I'll add you to the group.
---
> Follow Me
If you find this helpful, follow me~
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="center" height="200" width="200">
<img src="./img/cpp.jpg" height="200" width="200"><br>
Planet
</th>
<th align="center" height="200" width="200">
<img src="./img/wechat.jpg" height="200" width="200"><br>
WeChat Official Account
</th>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 0. Directory
### Project Setup
- Chinese version：**C++ 那些事**
- English version：**Stories About C Plus Plus**
This repository meets the need of people who wants to really know about C++, and may help you in the interview. Besides, it also provides
other details,such as in-depth source code analysis and multi-threaded concurrency. It is a comprehensive C ++ repository from entry to advanced improvement
#### Method 1: VSCode + Bazel
### 1.Foundation
#### Method 2: Docker
- [Stories About const](./basic_content/const)
- [Stories About static](./basic_content/static)
- [Stories about this](./basic_content/this)
- [Stories About inline](./basic_content/inline)
- [Stories About sizeof](./basic_content/sizeof)
- [Stories About pointer of function](./basic_content/func_pointer)
- [Stories About pure virtual function and abstract](./basic_content/abstract)
- [Stories About vptr_vtable](./basic_content/vptr_vtable)
- [Stories About virtual](./basic_content/virtual)
- [Stories About volatile](./basic_content/volatile)
- [Stories About assert](./basic_content/assert)
- [Stories About bit](./basic_content/bit)
- [Stories About extern](./basic_content/extern)
- [Stories About struct](./basic_content/struct)
- [Stories About struct and class](./basic_content/struct_class)
- [Stories About union](./basic_content/union)
- [Stories About polymorphism](./basic_content/c_poly)
- [Stories About explicit](./basic_content/explicit)
- [Stories About friend](./basic_content/friend)
- [Stories About using](./basic_content/using)
- [Stories About :: ](./basic_content/maohao)
- [Stories About enum](./basic_content/enum)
- [Stories About decltype](./basic_content/decltype)
- [Stories About pointer_refer](./basic_content/pointer_refer)
- [Stories About macro](./basic_content/macro)
A Docker environment without development setup is now available. You can pull the following image:
### 2.Code Samples
```
docker pull xingfranics/cplusplusthings:latest
```
#### Method 3: g++
#### 2.1 10 Days Practice
- [x] day1
### Video Tutorials
Basic Grammar About C ++
- [x] day2
[Episode 1: Step By Step Compiling This Project](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Rv4y1H7LB/?vd_source=bb6532dcd5b1d6b26125da900adb618e)
Recursive、Struct、Enumerate、Static Variable
[Episode 2: Docker Environment Without Setup](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1oz4y1a7Pu/?vd_source=bb6532dcd5b1d6b26125da900adb618e)
- [x] day3
[Episode 3: Reading HashTable Together, Thoroughly Understanding C++ STL](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1o8411U7vy/?vd_source=bb6532dcd5b1d6b26125da900adb618e)
Function
[Episode 4: Reading STL enable_shared_from_this Together](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du4y1w7Mg/?spm_id_from=333.788&vd_source=bb6532dcd5b1d6b26125da900adb618e)
- [x] day4
[Episode 5: Reading STL Threads Together, From C++11 thread to C++20 jthread](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DH4y1g7gS/?vd_source=bb6532dcd5b1d6b26125da900adb618e)
Thorough About Function
[Episode 6: Reading STL condition_variable, condition_variable_any Together](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13b421b7Am/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0&vd_source=bb6532dcd5b1d6b26125da900adb618e)
- [x] day5
[Episode 7: Reading STL Mutex Together](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xm42157pq/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0&vd_source=bb6532dcd5b1d6b26125da900adb618e)
Inheritance and Polymorphism
[Episode 8: Reading STL RAII Lock Together](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ls421g7iq/?spm_id_from=333.788&vd_source=bb6532dcd5b1d6b26125da900adb618e)
- [x] day6
### Feishu Knowledge Base
Virtual Function、Abstruct
[Internet Big Company Interview Records](https://hmpy6adnp5.feishu.cn/docx/OitBdRB4KozIhTxQt7Ec7iFDnkc)
- [x] day7
[Essential Interview Guide for Landing Offers](https://hmpy6adnp5.feishu.cn/docx/B1aCdVTUgoyJGYxtWV7cdvgRnxv)
Operator overloading
- [x] day8
### Foundation
Template And STL
- [Stories About `const`](./basic_content/const)
- [Stories About `static`](./basic_content/static)
- [Stories About `this`](./basic_content/this)
- [Stories About `inline`](./basic_content/inline)
- [Stories About `sizeof`](./basic_content/sizeof)
- [Stories About Function Pointers](./basic_content/func_pointer)
- [Stories About Pure Virtual Functions and Abstract Classes](./basic_content/abstract)
- [Stories About `vptr_vtable`](./basic_content/vptr_vtable)
- [Stories About `virtual`](./basic_content/virtual)
- [Stories About `volatile`](./basic_content/volatile)
- [Stories About `assert`](./basic_content/assert)
- [Stories About Bit Fields](./basic_content/bit)
- [Stories About `extern`](./basic_content/extern)
- [Stories About `struct`](./basic_content/struct)
- [Stories About `struct` and `class`](./basic_content/struct_class)
- [Stories About `union`](./basic_content/union)
- [Stories About Implementing C++ Polymorphism in C](./basic_content/c_poly)
- [Stories About `explicit`](./basic_content/explicit)
- [Stories About `friend`](./basic_content/friend)
- [Stories About `using`](./basic_content/using)
- [Stories About `::`](./basic_content/maohao)
- [Stories About `enum`](./basic_content/enum)
- [Stories About `decltype`](./basic_content/decltype)
- [Stories About References and Pointers](./basic_content/pointer_refer)
- [Stories About Macros](./basic_content/macro)
- [x] day9
### Practical Exercises
Exception
#### [10-Day Practice](./practical_exercises/10_day_practice)
- [x] day10
- [day1 - Basic Syntax](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day1)
File And Stream
- [day2 - Recursion, Struct, Enum, Static Variables, etc.](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day2)
#### 2.2 Practical Exercises
- [day3 - Functions 1](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day3)
├── [Square brackets overload .cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/中括号重载.cpp)
├── [Clock++operator overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/时钟++运算符重载.cpp)
├── [Mandatory conversion of operator overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/运算符重载之强制转换.cpp)
└── [Clock with overloaded parenthesis.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/重载圆括号的时钟.cpp)
- [day4 - Functions 2](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day4)
├── [Template of Function.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/函数模板.cpp)
- [day5 - Inheritance and Polymorphism](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day5)
├── [Dynamic array.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/动态数组.cpp)
- [day6 - Virtual Functions and Abstract Classes](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day6)
├── [Dictionary insertion and search.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/字典插入与查找.cpp)
- [day7 - Operator Overloading](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day7)
├── [Catch Exception.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/异常捕获.cpp)
- [day8 - Templates and STL](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day8)
├── [Template of Stack.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/类模板之栈.cpp)
- [day9 - Exceptions](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day9)
├── [Template of Array.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/类模板特化之数组.cpp)
- [day10 - Files and Streams](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day10)
├── [Inheritance And Package.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/继承与封装.cpp)
#### [Key Exercises](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/)
├── [Read And Write files.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/读写文件综合题.cpp)
├── [Operator Overloading About Input and Output.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出运算符重载.cpp)
├── [Input And Output Overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出重载.cpp)
├── [Input Format.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输出格式.cpp)
- [Bracket Overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/bracket_overloading.cpp)
### 2.[C++2.0 New Features](./cpp2.0)
- [Clock++ Operator Overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/clock.cpp)
#### 2.0 Overview
- [Operator Overloading - Type Casting.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/operator_cast.cpp)
C++2.0 is an Abbreviation, meaning「modern C++」，including C++11/14/17/20.
- [Clock with Parentheses Overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/operator_circle.cpp)
#### 2.1 [C++11 New Features](./cpp2.0/cpp11)
- [Function Template.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/func_temp.cpp)
- [Dynamic Array.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/array.cpp)
- [Dictionary Insertion and Lookup.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/map_insert_look.cpp)
- [Exception Catching.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/try.cpp)
- [Class Template - Stack.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/stack.cpp)
- [Class Template Specialization - Array.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/array_template.cpp)
- [Inheritance and Encapsulation.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/override.cpp)
- [File Read and Write Comprehensive Exercise.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/read_file.cpp)
- [Input/Output Operator Overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/io_operator_overload.cpp)
- [Input/Output Overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/io_operator.cpp)
- [Output Format.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/output.cpp)
### [C++2.0 New Features](./cpp2.0)
#### Overview
C++2.0 is a shorthand for "Modern C++", including C++11/14/17/20.
#### [C++11 New Features](./cpp2.0/cpp11)
- [Variadic Templates](./cpp2.0/cpp11/variadic)
- Spaces in Template Expressions
```cpp
vector<list<int> > //ok in each C++ version
vector<list<int>> // before c++ 11 error error: ‘>>’ should be ‘> >’ within a nested template argument list,version beyond c++ 11 could compile successfully
vector<list<int> > // ok in each C++ version
vector<list<int>> // before C++11 error: '>>' should be '> >' within a nested template argument list, compiles normally from C++11 onwards
```
- [nullptr and nullptr_t](./cpp2.0/cpp11/nullptr.cpp)
- [Automatic Type Deduction with auto](./cpp2.0/cpp11/auto.cpp)
- [Uniform Initialization ](./cpp2.0/cpp11/uniform_initialization.cpp)
- [Uniform Initialization](./cpp2.0/cpp11/uniform_initialization.cpp)
- [initializer_list](./cpp2.0/cpp11/initializer.cpp)
@@ -149,14 +280,14 @@ C++2.0 is an Abbreviation, meaning「modern C++」，including C++11/14/17/20.
}
```
- [=default,=delete](./cpp2.0/cpp11/default_delete.cpp)
- [=default, =delete](./cpp2.0/cpp11/default_delete.cpp)
If you define a ctor by yourself, compiler won't compile the default ctor.
If you add =default, you could recatch and use default ctor.
If you define a `ctor` yourself, the compiler won't provide a `default ctor`.
If you force add `=default`, you can regain and use the `default ctor`.
- Alias(化名)Template(template typedef)
- Alias (化名) Template (template typedef)
- [alias.cpp](./cpp2.0/cpp11/alias.cpp)
- [alias.cpp](./cpp2.0/cpp11/alias.cpp)
- [template_template.cpp](./cpp2.0/cpp11/template_template.cpp)
- [template template parameter](./cpp2.0/cpp11/template_template.cpp)
@@ -177,29 +308,30 @@ C++2.0 is an Abbreviation, meaning「modern C++」，including C++11/14/17/20.
- [move aware class](./cpp2.0/cpp11/move.cpp)
- Container-Struct And Classify
- Container Structure and Classification
- (1) Serial containers include：`array`(C++2.0 Newly Introduced),`vector`,`deque`,`list`,`forward_list`(C++2.0 Newly Introduced)
- (2) Associated containers include：`set/multiset`,`map/multimap`
- (3) Unordered container(C++2.0 Newly Introduced,replace `hash_xxx` to `unordered_xxx`) include：`unordered_map/unordered_multimap,unordered_set/unordered_multiset`
- (1) Sequential containers include: `array` (new in C++2.0), `vector`, `deque`, `list`, `forward_list` (new in C++2.0)
- (2) Associative containers include: `set/multiset`, `map/multimap`
- (3) Unordered containers (new in C++2.0, replacing `hash_xxx` with `unordered_xxx`) include: `unordered_map/unordered_multimap`, `unordered_set/unordered_multiset`
- [Hash Function](./cpp2.0/cpp11/hash.cpp)
- [tuple](./cpp2.0/cpp11/tuple.cpp)
Learning Material：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av51863195?from=search&seid=3610634846288253061
Learning Material: https://www.bilibili.com/video/av51863195?from=search&seid=3610634846288253061
### 2.2 C++14/17/20
#### C++14/17/20
To Be Continued ...
To be updated...
### 3.Design Pattern
### Design Patterns
- [Singleton pattern](./design_pattern/singleton)
- [Singleton Pattern](./design_pattern/singleton)
- [Producer-Consumer Pattern](./design_pattern/producer_consumer)
### 4. [STL Source Code Analysis](./src_analysis/stl)
### [STL Source Code Analysis](./src_analysis/stl)
**STL Source Code Analysis：gcc 4.9.1**
**STL Source Code Analysis: gcc 4.9.1**
- [array](./src_analysis/stl/array.md)
- [deque](./src_analysis/stl/deque.md)
@@ -209,7 +341,7 @@ To Be Continued ...
- [typename](./src_analysis/stl/typename.md)
- [traits](./src_analysis/stl/traits.md)
- [iterator](./src_analysis/stl/iterator.md)
- [Talking about STL design and EBO optimization](./src_analysis/stl/谈谈STL设计之EBO优化.md)
- [Discussion on STL Design - EBO Optimization](./src_analysis/stl/谈谈STL设计之EBO优化.md)
- [rb_tree](./src_analysis/stl/rb_tree.md)
- [set and multiset](./src_analysis/stl/set_multiset.md)
- [map and multimap](./src_analysis/stl/map_multimap.md)
@@ -217,75 +349,75 @@ To Be Continued ...
- [myhashtable](./src_analysis/stl/myhashtable.md)
- [unordered_map](./src_analysis/stl/unordered_map.md)
### 4. [Concurrent Programming](./concurrency)
### [Concurrency Programming](./concurrency)
#### 4.1 C++ Concurrency in Action
#### C++ Concurrency in Action
- [Chapter One](./concurrency/concurrency_v1/chapter1)
- [Chapter Two](./concurrency/concurrency_v1/chapter2)
- [Chapter 1](./concurrency/concurrency_v1/chapter1)
- [Chapter 2](./concurrency/concurrency_v1/chapter2)
Learning materials: https://chenxiaowei.gitbook.io/cpp_concurrency_in_action/
Learning Material: https://downdemo.gitbook.io/cpp-concurrency-in-action-2ed/
#### 4.2 Multithreading And Multiprocess
#### Multithreading and Multiprocess
##### 4.2.1 Threading In C++
##### Threading In C++
- [Introduction](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/1.thread)
- [Five Types of Thread Creation](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/2.create_type)
- [Join And Detaches](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/3.join_detach)
- [Join and Detach](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/3.join_detach)
- [mutex in C++ Threading](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/4.mutex)
> From：
> Source:
>
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ8yKZo-PGw&list=PLk6CEY9XxSIAeK-EAh3hB4fgNvYkYmghp&index=4
### 5. [C++ Conventional method](./codingStyleIdioms)
### [C++ Idioms](./codingStyleIdioms)
##### What is your favorite custom for c ++ programming style?
##### What's your favorite C++ programming idiom?
- [1.ClassInitializers](./codingStyleIdioms/1_classInitializers)
- [2.Replace Enumclass with Namespace](./codingStyleIdioms/2_enumclass)
- [3.RAII(Resource Acquisition Initialization)](./codingStyleIdioms/3_RAII)
- [4.Copy and Swap](./codingStyleIdioms/4_copy-swap)
- [5.pImpl(Pointer Implement)](./codingStyleIdioms/5_pImpl)
- [1. Class Initializers](./codingStyleIdioms/1_classInitializers)
- [2. Replace Enum with Namespace](./codingStyleIdioms/2_enumclass)
- [3. RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)](./codingStyleIdioms/3_RAII)
- [4. copy and swap](./codingStyleIdioms/4_copy-swap)
- [5. pImpl (Pointer to Implementation)](./codingStyleIdioms/5_pImpl)
### 6.Learning Courses
### Learning Courses
#### 6.1 [Chinese Name:极客时间《现代 C++ 实战 30 讲》](https://time.geekbang.org/channel/home)
#### [GeekTime "Modern C++ in Action 30 Lessons"](https://time.geekbang.org/channel/home)
- [heap、stack、RAII：How to manage resources for C ++ ?](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII)
- [heap](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII/heap.cpp)
- [stack](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII/stack.cpp)
- [Heap, Stack, RAII: How to Manage Resources in C++?](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII)
- [Heap](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII/heap.cpp)
- [Stack](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII/stack.cpp)
- [RAII](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII/RAII.cpp)
- [Implementing smart pointers for C ++](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr)
- [auto_ptr、scope_ptr](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr/auto_scope.cpp)
- [Implementing C++ Smart Pointers](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr)
- [auto_ptr, scope_ptr](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr/auto_scope.cpp)
- [unique_ptr](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr/unique_ptr.cpp)
- [shared_ptr](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.cpp)
- [What exactly does r value and move solve？](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference)
- [L value and R value](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/reference.cpp)
- [Extend the declaration cycle](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/lifetime.cpp)
- [Reference folding](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/collapses.cpp)
- [Perfect forward](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/forward.cpp)
- [Do not return Reference](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/don'treturnReference.cpp)
- [Container 1](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/container1)
- [Container 2](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/container2)
- [Exception](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/exception)
- [Literal、Static Assertion And Member Function Specifier](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/literalAssert)
- [Return Object？](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/obj)
- [Getting started with generic programming and templates](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/compilerpoly)
- [A whole Compiler Compute World](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/compilercompute)
- [SFINAE：What is it if it is not replace error?](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/SFINAE)
- [constexpr：A Normal World](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/constexpr)
- [Function object and Lambda：functionLambda](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/functionLambda)
- [Memory Model and Atomic：Understanding the complexity of concurrency](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/memorymodel_atomic)
- [What Problem Do Rvalue References and Move Solve?](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference)
- [Lvalue and Rvalue](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/reference.cpp)
- [Lifetime Extension](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/lifetime.cpp)
- [Reference Collapsing](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/collapses.cpp)
- [Perfect Forwarding](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/forward.cpp)
- [Don't Return Reference of Local Variable](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/don'treturnReference.cpp)
- [Containers 1](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/container1)
- [Containers 2](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/container2)
- [Exceptions](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/exception)
- [Literals, Static Assertions, and Member Function Specifiers](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/literalAssert)
- [Should We Return Objects?](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/obj)
- [Compile-Time Polymorphism: Generic Programming and Template Introduction](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/compilerpoly)
- [What Can Be Done at Compile Time? A Complete Computing World](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/compilercompute)
- [SFINAE: What Does "Substitution Failure Is Not An Error" Mean?](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/SFINAE)
- [constexpr: A Constant World](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/constexpr)
- [Function Objects and Lambda: Entering Functional Programming](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/functionLambda)
- [Memory Model and Atomic: Understanding the Complexity of Concurrency](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/memorymodel_atomic)
### 7.Tools
### Tools
#### 7.1 [Container shortcut output tool](./tool/output)
#### [Container Quick Output Tool](./tool/output)
Modified the code, [Click here for the code](./tool/output/output_container.h)
Modified code, [Click here for the code](./tool/output/output_container.h)
Input：
Input:
```cpp
map<int, int> mp{
@@ -295,55 +427,30 @@ map<int, int> mp{
cout << mp << endl;
```
Output：
Output:
```cpp
{ 1 => 1, 2 => 4, 3 => 9 }
```
#### 7.2 Output Like Python（Jupyter Notebook）
#### Output Like Python (Jupyter Notebook)
- [How to output like python in C/C++](./tool/像Python一样玩CC++.md)
- [Play with C/C++ Like Python](./tool/像Python一样玩CC++.md)
#### 7.3 Observe the changes in the compilation process
#### Observe Compilation Process
- [https://cppinsights.io](https://cppinsights.io/)
#### 7.4 Debug Tools For C ++：dbg-macro
#### C++ Debug Tool dbg-macro
- [Debug Tool: dbg-macro](./tool/C++的Debug工具dbg-macro.md)
- [C++ Debug Tool dbg-macro](./tool/C++的Debug工具dbg-macro.md)
### 8.Expansion
#### Linux Debug Tool rr - Ability to Go Back in Time
#### 8.1 Other Problems
- [How to convert string to in C ++？](./extension/some_problem/string_int.md)
- [Debug with rr](./tool/用rr来进行debug.md)
### Extensions
### 9.Circumstance
#### Some Questions
- **Running Circumstance**
Ubuntu 18.04
- **IDE**
CLion gcc/g++
### 10.Contributor
| 贡献人 | 地址 |
| ------- | ----------------------------- |
| 光城 | https://github.com/Light-City |
| ChungZH | https://github.com/ChungZH |
| xliu79 | https://github.com/xliu79 |
### 11.About The Writer
个人公众号：
![](./img/wechat.jpg)
- [How to convert string to int in C++?](./extension/some_problem/string_int.md)