docs: address community issue feedback (#5 #338 #142 #246 #136 #303)

- const README: rewrite the space-saving claim per issue #5 follow-ups
  (constant-expression const vs #define immediates; which const qualify
  as constant expressions)
- const README: fix the class-section diagnosis per issue #338 (overload
  resolution picks the const overload; the restriction only surfaces
  once that overload is removed)
- sizeof README: virtual-inheritance result is compiler-dependent
  (GCC merges vbptr+vfptr -> 16, MSVC keeps them separate -> 32) #246
- static README: new section on internal linkage / access restriction
  with anonymous-namespace comparison #142
- 10-day practice: full problem list table + fixed day links #136
- new design_pattern/singleton/singleton_default.hpp: reusable
  thread-safe CRTP singleton template, compile+concurrency tested #303
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2026-10-13 19:23:54 +08:00
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commit dfe1c933b3
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@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
# virtual那些事
> 本文档由 [C++那些事网站](https://light-city.github.io/stories_things/cpp-things/virtual/) 同步生成,网站版本含多语言与更新排版。
# C++ virtual 虚函数
## 关于作者:
个人公众号:
![](../img/wechat.jpg)
![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/master/img/wechat.jpg)
## 1.虚函数与运行多态
对应的代码:[emp.cpp](./set1/emp.cpp)
对应的代码:[emp.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set1/emp.cpp)
**虚函数的调用取决于指向或者引用的对象的类型,而不是指针或者引用自身的类型。**
## 2.vptr与vtable
见[vptr_vtable那些事](../vptr_vtable)
见[vptr_vtable那些事](vptr-vtable.md)
## 3.虚函数中默认参数
对应的代码:[default_arg.cpp](./set2/default_arg.cpp)
对应的代码:[default_arg.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set2/default_arg.cpp)
**默认参数是静态绑定的,虚函数是动态绑定的。 默认参数的使用需要看指针或者引用本身的类型,而不是对象的类型**。
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ static成员函数不属于任何类对象或类实例,所以即使给此函
虚函数依靠vptr和vtable来处理。vptr是一个指针,在类的构造函数中创建生成,并且只能用this指针来访问它,静态成员函数没有this指针,所以无法访问vptr。
代码学习:[static_error.cpp ](./set3/static_error.cpp )
代码学习:[static_error.cpp ](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set3/static_error.cpp)
(2)**构造函数可以为虚函数吗?**
@@ -48,9 +50,9 @@ static成员函数不属于任何类对象或类实例,所以即使给此函
代码学习:
- [copy_consrtuct.cpp](./set3/copy_consrtuct.cpp)
- [copy_consrtuct.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set3/copy_consrtuct.cpp)
- [vir_con.cpp](./set3/vir_con.cpp)
- [vir_con.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set3/vir_con.cpp)
(3)**析构函数可以为虚函数吗?**
@@ -58,9 +60,9 @@ static成员函数不属于任何类对象或类实例,所以即使给此函
代码学习:
- [full_virde.cpp](./set3/full_virde.cpp)
- [full_virde.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set3/full_virde.cpp)
- [vir_de.cpp ](./set3/vir_de.cpp)
- [vir_de.cpp ](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set3/vir_de.cpp)
(4)**虚函数可以为私有函数吗?**
@@ -69,8 +71,8 @@ static成员函数不属于任何类对象或类实例,所以即使给此函
代码学习:
- [virtual_function.cpp](./set3/virtual_function.cpp)
- [virtual_function1.cpp](./set3/virtual_function1.cpp)
- [virtual_function.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set3/virtual_function.cpp)
- [virtual_function1.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set3/virtual_function1.cpp)
(5)**虚函数可以被内联吗?**
@@ -82,9 +84,9 @@ static成员函数不属于任何类对象或类实例,所以即使给此函
代码学习:
- [virtual_inline.cpp](./set3/virtual_inline.cpp)
- [virtual_inline.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set3/virtual_inline.cpp)
- [inline_virtual.cpp](./set3/inline_virtual.cpp)
- [inline_virtual.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set3/inline_virtual.cpp)
## 5.RTTI与dynamic_cast
@@ -94,9 +96,9 @@ RTTI(Run-Time Type Identification),通过运行时类型信息程序能够
代码学习:
- [rtti.cpp](./set4/rtti.cpp)
- [warn_rtti.cpp](./set4/warn_rtti.cpp)
- [rtti.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set4/rtti.cpp)
- [warn_rtti.cpp](https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings/tree/master/basic_content/virtual/set4/warn_rtti.cpp)
## 6.纯虚函数和抽象类
见[纯虚函数和抽象类那些事](../abstract)
见[纯虚函数和抽象类那些事](abstract.md)