docs: address community issue feedback (#5 #338 #142 #246 #136 #303)

- const README: rewrite the space-saving claim per issue #5 follow-ups
  (constant-expression const vs #define immediates; which const qualify
  as constant expressions)
- const README: fix the class-section diagnosis per issue #338 (overload
  resolution picks the const overload; the restriction only surfaces
  once that overload is removed)
- sizeof README: virtual-inheritance result is compiler-dependent
  (GCC merges vbptr+vfptr -> 16, MSVC keeps them separate -> 32) #246
- static README: new section on internal linkage / access restriction
  with anonymous-namespace comparison #142
- 10-day practice: full problem list table + fixed day links #136
- new design_pattern/singleton/singleton_default.hpp: reusable
  thread-safe CRTP singleton template, compile+concurrency tested #303
This commit is contained in:
light-city
2026-10-13 19:23:54 +08:00
parent cfc9af1fcb
commit dfe1c933b3
159 changed files with 20461 additions and 182 deletions

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
> 来自 [C++那些事网站](https://light-city.github.io/stories_things/cpp-things/cpp-vs-rust-destructor/) 的文章,由站点同步脚本导出。
# C++ 与 Rust 析构对比
在Rust中mem::forget用于防止对象的析构,跳过清理工作,从而让资源的释放交给其他机制管理。
例如:
```cpp
let file = File::open("foo.txt").unwrap();
mem::forget(file);
```
那么在C++中如何防止析构?即跳过析构函数呢?
**本节将给出三种办法,完整代码示例也放于星球。**
## 1. `placement new`
`placement new`可以让我们手动管理对象的构造和析构。如果不手动调用对象的析构函数,我们就可以跳过对象的析构,从而实现类似`mem::forget`的效果。
例如:
```cpp
alignas(Foo) std::byte storage[sizeof(Foo)]; // 分配对齐的原始内存块
Foo* pfoo = new (storage) Foo(); // 在这块内存上构造Foo对象
```
在上面的代码中,`placement new`创建了对象`pfoo`,但我们不调用析构函数,这样可以跳过对象的清理逻辑。
## 2. 使用智能指针的自定义删除器
另一种实现类似功能的方法是通过自定义智能指针的删除器,防止对象被销毁。我们可以定义一个不执行任何操作的删除器,从而避免析构函数的调用。
```cpp
std::unique_ptr<Foo, NoOpDeleter> pfoo(new Foo(), NoOpDeleter{});
```
使用自定义的删除器`NoOpDeleter`,我们可以防止`std::unique_ptr`在离开作用域时调用析构函数,从而实现类似`mem::forget`的效果。
## 3.union
union的方案很神奇,大家知道原理吗?欢迎留言区一起讨论~
```cpp
template <class T>
union Wrapper {
T value;
~Wrapper() {}
};
struct Foo {
~Foo() { std::cout << "dtor foo\n"; }
};
Wrapper<Foo> f;
// f.value.~Foo); 必须手动调用
```