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- const README: rewrite the space-saving claim per issue #5 follow-ups (constant-expression const vs #define immediates; which const qualify as constant expressions) - const README: fix the class-section diagnosis per issue #338 (overload resolution picks the const overload; the restriction only surfaces once that overload is removed) - sizeof README: virtual-inheritance result is compiler-dependent (GCC merges vbptr+vfptr -> 16, MSVC keeps them separate -> 32) #246 - static README: new section on internal linkage / access restriction with anonymous-namespace comparison #142 - 10-day practice: full problem list table + fixed day links #136 - new design_pattern/singleton/singleton_default.hpp: reusable thread-safe CRTP singleton template, compile+concurrency tested #303
1.8 KiB
1.8 KiB
来自 C++那些事网站 的文章,由站点同步脚本导出。
C++ False Sharing 与缓存行
最近看到一段代码,手动做的对齐,于是研究一下不对齐又会带来什么影响?
template <typename T>
class AtomicWithPadding {
private:
static constexpr int kCacheLineSize = 64;
uint8_t padding_before[kCacheLineSize];
public:
std::atomic<T> value;
private:
uint8_t padding_after[kCacheLineSize];
};
这里便引出了大家面试的必考点:
- Cache line
于是有下面几个面试问题,你能答上来?
- 什么是cache line?
- 什么是MESI协议?
- 什么是False sharing?
- C++里面如何保证避免False sharing?
- 避免False sharing可以带来什么好处?
- 你知道C++17之后提供了哪两个变量解决这个问题?
于是,找了个性能测试,大概实现是:
- 定义4个变量,a、b、c、d,多线程进行共享
- 另外是对这四个变量对齐,然后开n个线程去调度。
下面是benchmark:
------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Time CPU Iterations
------------------------------------------------------------------
singleThread 4.05 ms 4.04 ms 133
directSharing/real_time 8.78 ms 0.069 ms 77
falseSharing/real_time 8.81 ms 0.083 ms 74
noSharing/real_time 1.16 ms 0.071 ms 578
可以看到noSharing得到了非常好的效果!缓存命中率大大提高,当然这里用perf分析一下是更好的,可以看看L1 cache miss。
以上答案在知识星球已更新,欢迎一起探讨,留言区交流,谢谢~