fix: close the action header group before the action runs (#1345)

`uses:` steps and job hooks kept their "Run …" group open until they finished. Gitea doesn't nest groups, so the action's own first `::group::` closed the header and everything before it stayed hidden there, e.g. all of goreleaser's output in https://gitea.com/gitea/cli/actions/runs/1121069/jobs/1519275. The header group now closes right after its details, as in actions/runner.

The action header also matches actions/runner's otherwise now: it is titled by the `uses:` reference, lists the resolved inputs including `action.yml` defaults without empty ones, is shown for pre stages too, and post stages start with `Post job cleanup.`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
Reviewed-on: https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/pulls/1345
Reviewed-by: silverwind <2021+silverwind@noreply.gitea.com>
Reviewed-by: Lunny Xiao <xiaolunwen@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: bircni <bircni@icloud.com>

.dockerignore

@@ -45,8 +45,13 @@ cpu.out
 
 /bin
 /dist
+/.tmp
+/.git/hooks
+/.git/logs
+/.git/rr-cache
 /.env
 /.runner
+/.runner.lock
 /config.yaml
 /Dockerfile
 .DS_Store

.gitea/actions/go-setup/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+name: go-setup
+description: Set up go and restore its caches, which only the cache-seeder workflow saves
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@b7ad1dad31e06c5925ef5d2fc7ad053ef454303e # v7
+      id: setup-go
+      with:
+        go-version-file: go.mod
+        check-latest: true
+        cache: false
+    - if: ${{ github.workflow == 'cache-seeder' }}
+      uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+      with:
+        path: |
+          ~/go/pkg/mod
+          ~/.cache/go-build
+          ~/.cache/golangci-lint
+        key: go-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ steps.setup-go.outputs.go-version }}-${{ hashFiles('go.mod', 'go.sum', '.golangci.yml', 'Makefile', '.gitea/actions/go-setup/action.yml', '.gitea/workflows/cache-seeder.yml') }}
+    - if: ${{ github.workflow != 'cache-seeder' }}
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+      with:
+        path: |
+          ~/go/pkg/mod
+          ~/.cache/go-build
+          ~/.cache/golangci-lint
+        key: go-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ steps.setup-go.outputs.go-version }}-${{ hashFiles('go.mod', 'go.sum', '.golangci.yml', 'Makefile', '.gitea/actions/go-setup/action.yml', '.gitea/workflows/cache-seeder.yml') }}
+        restore-keys: go-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ steps.setup-go.outputs.go-version }}-

.gitea/workflows/cache-seeder.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: cache-seeder
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - go.mod
+      - go.sum
+      - .golangci.yml
+      - Makefile
+      - .gitea/actions/go-setup/action.yml
+      - .gitea/workflows/cache-seeder.yml
+
+jobs:
+  seed:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7
+      - uses: ./.gitea/actions/go-setup
+      - run: make deps-tools lint build
+      - name: compile the test binaries without running them
+        run: |
+          make test GOTEST_FLAGS='-race -exec true'
+          go test -tags e2e -exec true ./e2e/...

.gitea/workflows/pull-pr-title.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 5
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7
-    - uses: actions/setup-node@820762786026740c76f36085b0efc47a31fe5020 # v7
+    - uses: actions/setup-node@949feb2413d6458794dcd2491c4babbbce0c15c1 # v7
       with:
         node-version: 24
     - run: make lint-pr-title

.gitea/workflows/release-nightly.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ on:
 
 env:
   DOCKER_ORG: gitea
-  DOCKER_LATEST: nightly
 
 jobs:
   goreleaser:
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           check-latest: true
       - name: goreleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@f06c13b6b1a9625abc9e6e439d9c05a8f2190e94 # v7
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@a4f02ab5355a589de60d917a659ce617ed19b3de # v7
         with:
           distribution: goreleaser-pro
           args: release --nightly
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@f87e5991a6d7451dcb8d9637bfbc97413f497069 # v4
 
       - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@81c6f93d4bc991e510b342a00b419b3bb4efc5c6 # v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}

.gitea/workflows/release-tag.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
           passphrase: ${{ secrets.PASSPHRASE }}
           fingerprint: CC64B1DB67ABBEECAB24B6455FC346329753F4B0
       - name: goreleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@f06c13b6b1a9625abc9e6e439d9c05a8f2190e94 # v7
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@a4f02ab5355a589de60d917a659ce617ed19b3de # v7
         with:
           distribution: goreleaser-pro
           args: release
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ jobs:
       image: catthehacker/ubuntu:act-latest
     env:
       DOCKER_ORG: gitea
-      DOCKER_LATEST: latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@f87e5991a6d7451dcb8d9637bfbc97413f497069 # v4
 
       - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@81c6f93d4bc991e510b342a00b419b3bb4efc5c6 # v4
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}

.gitea/workflows/test.yml

@@ -17,25 +17,24 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@b7ad1dad31e06c5925ef5d2fc7ad053ef454303e # v7
-        with:
-          go-version-file: 'go.mod'
-          check-latest: true
+      - uses: ./.gitea/actions/go-setup
       - name: prepare anonymous docker config
         run: mkdir -p "$DOCKER_CONFIG" && echo '{}' > "$DOCKER_CONFIG/config.json"
       # Pre-pull act/runner's two largest base images so a slow pull can't dominate `make test`;
       # the rest (alpine/ubuntu) pull on demand, absorbed by the make-test -timeout. The host
-      # daemon retains them between runs, so this is usually a fast manifest re-check.
+      # daemon retains them between runs, and their digest pins skip the registry when it has them.
       - name: pre-pull test images
         env:
-          TEST_JOB_IMAGE: node:24-bookworm-slim@sha256:0e0ff40c39bc087845bfb27465a0df4ea419520094bc35842ff83dd8cbe6f9b6 # renovate: datasource=docker
-          TEST_SERVICE_IMAGE: nginx:alpine@sha256:df221db836e1754089190208cee7eeda94f233197056426eda74a43ab1abeac2 # renovate: datasource=docker
+          TEST_JOB_IMAGE: node:24-bookworm-slim@sha256:55fb5f5a527ea2c5c4a95f963e48ef90aa38c7b346054fdc8ee9957a2b55d205 # renovate: datasource=docker
+          TEST_SERVICE_IMAGE: nginx:alpine@sha256:a3554c0d0b48177b1413c26e01f695334428020d9df01243fbae3e11cfd17417 # renovate: datasource=docker
         run: |
           for image in "$TEST_JOB_IMAGE" "$TEST_SERVICE_IMAGE"; do
-            for attempt in 1 2 3; do
-              docker pull "$image" && break
-              [ "$attempt" = 3 ] || sleep 5
-            done
+            if [ "$(docker image inspect --format '{{.Os}}/{{.Architecture}}' "$image" 2>/dev/null)" != linux/amd64 ]; then
+              for attempt in 1 2 3; do
+                docker pull "$image" && break
+                [ "$attempt" = 3 ] || sleep 5
+              done
+            fi
             docker tag "$image" "${image%@*}"
           done
       - name: lint
@@ -68,10 +67,7 @@ jobs:
           - gitea/gitea:main-nightly
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@b7ad1dad31e06c5925ef5d2fc7ad053ef454303e # v7
-        with:
-          go-version-file: 'go.mod'
-          check-latest: true
+      - uses: ./.gitea/actions/go-setup
       - name: prepare anonymous docker config
         run: mkdir -p "$DOCKER_CONFIG" && echo '{}' > "$DOCKER_CONFIG/config.json"
       - name: e2e compatibility

.golangci.yml

@@ -39,6 +39,13 @@ linters:
           deny:
             - pkg: golang.org/x/exp
               desc: it's experimental and unreliable
+        logging:
+          files:
+            - $all
+            - "!**/act/common/logging/**"
+          deny:
+            - pkg: log/slog
+              desc: log through gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging
     nolintlint:
       allow-unused: false
       require-explanation: true

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -28,38 +28,18 @@ builds:
   ignore:
     - goos: darwin
       goarch: arm
-    - goos: darwin
-      goarch: ppc64le
     - goos: darwin
       goarch: s390x
-    - goos: windows
-      goarch: ppc64le
     - goos: windows
       goarch: s390x
     - goos: windows
       goarch: arm
-      goarm: "5"
-    - goos: windows
-      goarch: arm
-      goarm: "6"
-    - goos: windows
-      goarch: arm
-      goarm: "7"
     - goos: windows
       goarch: arm64
-    - goos: freebsd
-      goarch: ppc64le
     - goos: freebsd
       goarch: s390x
     - goos: freebsd
       goarch: arm
-      goarm: "5"
-    - goos: freebsd
-      goarch: arm
-      goarm: "6"
-    - goos: freebsd
-      goarch: arm
-      goarm: "7"
     - goos: freebsd
       goarch: arm64
   flags:

DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -28,8 +28,25 @@ depending on the prefix:
 - **No prefix?** Do not escape, and split multi-line values into one row each.
 - **Interpolating a secret?** Masking runs after escaping, so `AppendSecretMasker` registers the
   encoded forms too.
-- Command *properties* also escape `%3A` and `%2C`, which the UI never decodes, so the reporter
-  decodes exactly those two when folding a location into an annotation.
+- Command *properties* also escape `%3A` and `%2C`, which the UI never decodes, so the command
+  handler folds an annotation's location into its decoded message and escapes the result again.
+
+## Logging
+
+Log through `act/common/logging`; the linter rejects importing `log/slog` elsewhere.
+A job's logger comes from `common.Logger(ctx)`; code with no job uses the package functions
+(`logging.Infof`, `logging.With`). Both take printf-style messages, and `With("key", value)` adds
+fields.
+
+- The process-wide logger masks the secrets of every live task, the job logger masks its own.
+  Going around either leaks them.
+- The job logger's output can reach the job log workflow authors see, the process-wide logger's
+  stays on the runner host, so keep operator-only detail (host paths, internal addresses) off the
+  job logger.
+- Libraries that log through slog's global logger are forwarded to the process-wide one, so they
+  follow its level and masking too. Avoid dependencies that log through logrus, nothing forwards it.
+- Tests read what was logged with `logtest.NewLogger()`, or `logtest.SetDefault(t)` for the
+  package functions.
 
 ## Built-in actions
 

Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ### BUILDER STAGE
 #
 #
-FROM golang:1.27-alpine3.23 AS builder
+FROM golang:1.27-alpine AS builder
 
 # Do not remove `git` here, it is required for getting runner version when executing `make build`
 RUN apk add --no-cache make git
@@ -12,12 +12,14 @@ ENV GOPROXY=${GOPROXY:-}
 COPY . /opt/src/runner
 WORKDIR /opt/src/runner
 
-RUN make clean && make build
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
+    --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
+    make clean && make build
 
 ### DIND VARIANT
 #
 #
-FROM docker:29.7.2-dind AS dind
+FROM docker:29.9.1-dind AS dind
 
 ARG VERSION=dev
 
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ ENTRYPOINT ["s6-svscan","/etc/s6"]
 ### DIND-ROOTLESS VARIANT
 #
 #
-FROM docker:29.7.2-dind-rootless AS dind-rootless
+FROM docker:29.9.1-dind-rootless AS dind-rootless
 
 ARG VERSION=dev
 

Makefile

@@ -1,31 +1,22 @@
 DIST := dist
 EXECUTABLE := gitea-runner
-DIST_DIRS := $(DIST)/binaries $(DIST)/release
 GO ?= go
-SHASUM ?= shasum -a 256
 HAS_GO = $(shell hash $(GO) > /dev/null 2>&1 && echo "GO" || echo "NOGO" )
-XGO_PACKAGE ?= src.techknowlogick.com/xgo@v1.9.0 # renovate: datasource=go
-XGO_VERSION := go-1.27.x
-GXZ_PACKAGE ?= github.com/ulikunitz/xz/cmd/gxz@v0.5.17 # renovate: datasource=go
 
-PODMAN_TEST_IMAGE ?= quay.io/containers/podman:v5.8.4-immutable@sha256:90405e3c6a86f33c5a6f8dbdfa8e02a98143a8ba4337b84bdaec5336d2ef008a # renovate: datasource=docker
-E2E_JOB_IMAGE ?= docker.gitea.com/runner-images:ubuntu-latest@sha256:0e62e56b382ebf485bff1e51a05cbe27c708545a2e91425467fd31eb3e249521 # renovate: datasource=docker
-SERVICE_IMAGE ?= nginx:1.31.4-alpine@sha256:db35bfc6b2951e7f8a72db5db120288c127ffaeeb4a6d4b95a26fead017d5913 # renovate: datasource=docker
+PODMAN_TEST_IMAGE ?= quay.io/containers/podman:v5.8.9-immutable@sha256:87f42f37fa85b421664c30b8f5f9cfc23920057f5e5fcadf0b6f68d9edc6d415 # renovate: datasource=docker
+E2E_JOB_IMAGE ?= docker.gitea.com/runner-images:ubuntu-latest@sha256:8856b200466e9a5af9cc0d4de4ca96f73547833bcdddf9a567189ff772c4d372 # renovate: datasource=docker
+SERVICE_IMAGE ?= nginx:1.31.7-alpine@sha256:892bb2152464f0c5d8972593a5f5afaf8054552580b699d95f8ff4af08c2d33d # renovate: datasource=docker
 E2E_GITEA_IMAGE ?= gitea/gitea:main-nightly
-E2E_K3S_IMAGE ?= rancher/k3s:v1.36.4-k3s1@sha256:edad48e12bf81c3a09ac1c05c0c0ffaaa22145980b989d6fae84543a76b83657 # renovate: datasource=docker
+E2E_K3S_IMAGE ?= rancher/k3s:v1.37.1-k3s1@sha256:ca7f37d993d82ef0dcdcfecb2e0e2618ea541dbaffc620c8cedebe01a82acd0d # renovate: datasource=docker
 
-LINUX_ARCHS ?= linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-DARWIN_ARCHS ?= darwin-12/amd64,darwin-12/arm64
-WINDOWS_ARCHS ?= windows/amd64
 GOFILES := $(shell find . -type f -name "*.go" -o -name "go.mod" ! -name "generated.*")
 
 DOCKER_IMAGE ?= gitea/runner
 DOCKER_TAG ?= nightly
 DOCKER_REF := $(DOCKER_IMAGE):$(DOCKER_TAG)
-DOCKER_ROOTLESS_REF := $(DOCKER_IMAGE):$(DOCKER_TAG)-dind-rootless
 
-GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.14.0 # renovate: datasource=go
-GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE ?= golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@v1.8.0 # renovate: datasource=go
+GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.15.0 # renovate: datasource=go
+GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE ?= golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@v1.9.0 # renovate: datasource=go
 
 GOTEST_FLAGS ?= -race -timeout 20m -parallel 8
 
@@ -38,22 +29,16 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(HAS_GO), GO)
 	GOPATH ?= $(shell $(GO) env GOPATH)
 	export PATH := $(GOPATH)/bin:$(PATH)
-
-	CGO_EXTRA_CFLAGS := -DSQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER=32766
-	CGO_CFLAGS ?= $(shell $(GO) env CGO_CFLAGS) $(CGO_EXTRA_CFLAGS)
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(OS), Windows_NT)
 	GOFLAGS := -v -buildmode=exe
-	EXECUTABLE ?= $(EXECUTABLE).exe
 	GO_ENV_WINDOWS := set GOOS=windows&&
 else ifeq ($(OS), Windows)
 	GOFLAGS := -v -buildmode=exe
-	EXECUTABLE ?= $(EXECUTABLE).exe
 	GO_ENV_WINDOWS := set GOOS=windows&&
 else
 	GOFLAGS := -v
-	EXECUTABLE ?= $(EXECUTABLE)
 	GO_ENV_WINDOWS := GOOS=windows
 endif
 
@@ -108,8 +93,6 @@ fmt-check: ## check the Go code formatting
 .PHONY: deps-tools
 deps-tools: ## install tool dependencies
 	$(GO) install $(GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE) & \
-	$(GO) install $(GXZ_PACKAGE) & \
-	$(GO) install $(XGO_PACKAGE) & \
 	$(GO) install $(GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE) & \
 	wait
 
@@ -187,45 +170,6 @@ $(EXECUTABLE): $(GOFILES)
 deps-backend: ## install backend dependencies
 	$(GO) mod download
 
-.PHONY: release
-release: release-windows release-linux release-darwin release-copy release-compress release-check ## build release artifacts
-
-$(DIST_DIRS):
-	mkdir -p $(DIST_DIRS)
-
-.PHONY: release-windows
-release-windows: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	CGO_CFLAGS="$(CGO_CFLAGS)" $(GO) run $(XGO_PACKAGE) -go $(XGO_VERSION) -buildmode exe -dest $(DIST)/binaries -tags 'netgo osusergo $(TAGS)' -ldflags '-s -w -linkmode external -extldflags "-static" $(LDFLAGS)' -targets '$(WINDOWS_ARCHS)' -out $(EXECUTABLE)-$(VERSION) .
-ifeq ($(CI),true)
-	cp -r /build/* $(DIST)/binaries/
-endif
-
-.PHONY: release-linux
-release-linux: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	CGO_CFLAGS="$(CGO_CFLAGS)" $(GO) run $(XGO_PACKAGE) -go $(XGO_VERSION) -dest $(DIST)/binaries -tags 'netgo osusergo $(TAGS)' -ldflags '-s -w -linkmode external -extldflags "-static" $(LDFLAGS)' -targets '$(LINUX_ARCHS)' -out $(EXECUTABLE)-$(VERSION) .
-ifeq ($(CI),true)
-	cp -r /build/* $(DIST)/binaries/
-endif
-
-.PHONY: release-darwin
-release-darwin: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	CGO_CFLAGS="$(CGO_CFLAGS)" $(GO) run $(XGO_PACKAGE) -go $(XGO_VERSION) -dest $(DIST)/binaries -tags 'netgo osusergo $(TAGS)' -ldflags '-s -w $(LDFLAGS)' -targets '$(DARWIN_ARCHS)' -out $(EXECUTABLE)-$(VERSION) .
-ifeq ($(CI),true)
-	cp -r /build/* $(DIST)/binaries/
-endif
-
-.PHONY: release-copy
-release-copy: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	cd $(DIST); for file in `find . -type f -name "*"`; do cp $${file} ./release/; done;
-
-.PHONY: release-check
-release-check: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	cd $(DIST)/release/; for file in `find . -type f -name "*"`; do echo "checksumming $${file}" && $(SHASUM) `echo $${file} | sed 's/^..//'` > $${file}.sha256; done;
-
-.PHONY: release-compress
-release-compress: | $(DIST_DIRS)
-	cd $(DIST)/release/; for file in `find . -type f -name "*"`; do echo "compressing $${file}" && $(GO) run $(GXZ_PACKAGE) -k -9 $${file}; done;
-
 .PHONY: docker
 docker: ## build the docker image
 	if ! docker buildx version >/dev/null 2>&1; then \

README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 On the runner:
 
-- `git` 2.34.1 or newer on `PATH`, to download actions and reusable workflows.
+- `git` 2.34.1 or newer on `PATH`, to clone reusable workflows, and actions whose host serves no archive of them.
 - `docker` or `podman` with `podman.socket` enabled, for docker mode, Docker actions and `docker://` steps. To install Docker CE, follow the official [install instructions](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/).
 
 Where steps run, in the job image or on the runner in host mode:
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ A job's `services` are started before its steps run. When a service's image or i
 ```yaml
 services:
   postgres:
-    image: postgres:17
+    image: postgres:18
     options: >-
       --health-cmd pg_isready
       --health-interval 5s
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ While the runner is idle it cleans up after earlier jobs:
 - when `container.bind_workdir` is enabled, stale task workspace directories older than `runner.workdir_cleanup_age` are removed (default: `24h`; set `0` to disable)
 - only purely numeric subdirectories under `container.workdir_parent` are treated as task workspaces and may be removed
 - cleanup assumes `container.workdir_parent` is not shared across multiple runners
-- on runners that use docker, per-job networks left behind by jobs the runner did not live to tear down are removed, identified by the `com.gitea.runner.uuid` label carrying this runner's uuid
+- on runners that use docker, per-job networks and volumes left behind by jobs the runner did not live to tear down are removed once unused and 10 minutes old, identified by the `com.gitea.runner.uuid` label carrying this runner's uuid
 - on runners with `kubernetes` labels, job pods with that label older than `runner.workdir_cleanup_age` are removed the same way, together with their Secrets
 - cleanup runs every `runner.idle_cleanup_interval` (default: `10m`; set `0` to disable), and setting either knob to `0` disables all of the above
 

act/artifactcache/handler.go

@@ -30,12 +30,11 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/disk"
 
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/timshannon/bolthold"
 	"go.etcd.io/bbolt"
+	berrors "go.etcd.io/bbolt/errors"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -46,6 +45,8 @@ const (
 	// Short enough that a leaked URL is near-worthless; long enough to let the
 	// @actions/cache client download a big blob that was returned from /cache.
 	artifactURLTTL = 10 * time.Minute
+
+	dbOpenTimeout = 5 * time.Second
 )
 
 type credKey struct{}
@@ -81,11 +82,13 @@ type Handler struct {
 	dir      string
 	storage  cacheStorage
 	s3       *s3Storage
-	router   *httprouter.Router
 	listener net.Listener
 	port     int
 	server   *http.Server
-	logger   logrus.FieldLogger
+	logger   *logging.Logger
+
+	dbLock  chan struct{} // queues store openers without polling bolt's file lock
+	entries cacheEntries  // guarded by dbLock
 
 	gcing atomic.Bool
 	gcAt  time.Time
@@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ type Options struct {
 	InternalSecret string
 
 	Policy Policy
-	Logger logrus.FieldLogger
+	Logger *logging.Logger
 }
 
 // StartHandler starts an embedded cache or forwards cache requests to Upstream.
@@ -144,14 +147,13 @@ func StartHandler(opts Options) (*Handler, error) {
 		internalSecret: opts.InternalSecret,
 		policy:         opts.Policy.withDefaults(),
 		freeDisk:       disk.FreeBytes,
+		dbLock:         make(chan struct{}, 1),
 	}
 
 	if logger == nil {
-		discard := logrus.New()
-		discard.Out = io.Discard
-		logger = discard
+		logger = logging.New(logging.DiscardHandler)
 	}
-	logger = logger.WithField("module", "artifactcache")
+	logger = logger.With("module", "artifactcache")
 	h.logger = logger
 
 	if opts.OutboundIP != "" {
@@ -198,30 +200,26 @@ func StartHandler(opts Options) (*Handler, error) {
 		h.storage = h.s3
 	}
 
-	secret, err := loadOrCreateSecret(dir)
-	if err != nil {
+	if h.secret, err = loadOrCreateSecret(dir); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	h.secret = secret
 
-	router := httprouter.New()
-	router.GET(apiPath+"/cache", h.bearerAuth(h.find))
-	router.POST(apiPath+"/caches", h.bearerAuth(h.reserve))
-	router.PATCH(apiPath+"/caches/:id", h.bearerAuth(h.upload))
-	router.POST(apiPath+"/caches/:id", h.bearerAuth(h.commit))
-	router.POST(apiPath+"/clean", h.bearerAuth(h.clean))
+	router := http.NewServeMux()
+	router.HandleFunc("GET "+apiPath+"/cache", h.bearerAuth(h.find))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+apiPath+"/caches", h.bearerAuth(h.reserve))
+	router.HandleFunc("PATCH "+apiPath+"/caches/{id}", h.bearerAuth(h.upload))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+apiPath+"/caches/{id}", h.bearerAuth(h.commit))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+apiPath+"/clean", h.bearerAuth(h.clean))
 	// Artifact GET is signed via query-string HMAC because @actions/cache
 	// does not attach Authorization when downloading archiveLocation.
-	router.GET(apiPath+"/artifacts/:id", h.signedAuth("", h.get))
+	router.HandleFunc("GET "+apiPath+"/artifacts/{id}", h.signedAuth("", h.get))
 	// Control-plane: a remote runner registers/revokes per-job tokens so the
 	// cache API can authenticate them. Always wired so the routes exist; the
 	// handlers themselves 401 when internalSecret is unset.
-	router.POST(internalPath+"/register", h.internalAuth(h.internalRegister))
-	router.POST(internalPath+"/revoke", h.internalAuth(h.internalRevoke))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+internalPath+"/register", h.internalAuth(h.internalRegister))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+internalPath+"/revoke", h.internalAuth(h.internalRevoke))
 	h.registerV2Routes(router)
-	router.NotFound = http.HandlerFunc(h.forwardOrNotFound)
-
-	h.router = router
+	router.HandleFunc(artifactServicePath, h.forwardOrNotFound)
 
 	h.gcCache()
 
@@ -331,16 +329,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RegisterJob(token string, cred JobCredential) func() {
 		}
 	}
 	h.credMu.Unlock()
-	return func() {
-		h.credMu.Lock()
-		if entry, ok := h.creds[token]; ok {
-			entry.refs--
-			if entry.refs <= 0 {
-				delete(h.creds, token)
-			}
-		}
-		h.credMu.Unlock()
-	}
+	return func() { h.RevokeJob(token) }
 }
 
 // RevokeJob explicitly revokes one registration of token, mirroring one call
@@ -403,10 +392,7 @@ func (h *Handler) Close() error {
 	}
 	var retErr error
 	if h.server != nil {
-		err := h.server.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			retErr = err
-		}
+		retErr = h.server.Close()
 		h.server = nil
 	}
 	if h.listener != nil {
@@ -422,16 +408,170 @@ func (h *Handler) Close() error {
 	return retErr
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) openDB() (*bolthold.Store, error) {
-	return bolthold.Open(filepath.Join(h.dir, "bolt.db"), 0o644, &bolthold.Options{
-		Encoder: func(value any) ([]byte, error) { return json.Marshal(value) },
-		Decoder: func(data []byte, value any) error { return json.Unmarshal(data, value) },
-		Options: &bbolt.Options{
-			Timeout:      5 * time.Second,
-			NoGrowSync:   bbolt.DefaultOptions.NoGrowSync,
-			FreelistType: bbolt.DefaultOptions.FreelistType,
-		},
+// cacheBucket holds each entry as JSON under its decimal ID, the layout bolthold wrote, so older stores stay readable.
+var cacheBucket = []byte("Cache")
+
+var errCacheNotFound = errors.New("cache not found")
+
+type cacheDB struct {
+	bolt    *bbolt.DB
+	close   func() error
+	entries *cacheEntries
+}
+
+// cacheEntries mirrors the bucket as of transaction tx, so queries decode it again only after another process wrote.
+type cacheEntries struct {
+	tx   int
+	byID map[uint64]*Cache
+}
+
+func (db *cacheDB) Close() error {
+	return db.close()
+}
+
+func cacheKey(id uint64) []byte {
+	return strconv.AppendUint(nil, id, 10)
+}
+
+func (db *cacheDB) get(id uint64) (*Cache, error) {
+	if err := db.bolt.View(db.load); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	cache, ok := db.entries.byID[id]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errCacheNotFound
+	}
+	copied := *cache
+	return &copied, nil
+}
+
+// find returns copies of the matching entries in ID order, so ties break the same way every time.
+func (db *cacheDB) find(match func(*Cache) bool) ([]*Cache, error) {
+	if err := db.bolt.View(db.load); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var caches []*Cache
+	for _, cache := range db.entries.byID {
+		if match(cache) {
+			copied := *cache
+			caches = append(caches, &copied)
+		}
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(caches, func(left, right *Cache) int { return cmp.Compare(left.ID, right.ID) })
+	return caches, nil
+}
+
+func (db *cacheDB) load(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	if db.entries.byID != nil && db.entries.tx == tx.ID() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	byID := make(map[uint64]*Cache)
+	if bucket := tx.Bucket(cacheBucket); bucket != nil {
+		if err := bucket.ForEach(func(key, data []byte) (err error) {
+			cache := &Cache{}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(data, cache); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			cache.ID, err = strconv.ParseUint(string(key), 10, 64) // an interrupted legacy insert left "id":0 in the value
+			byID[cache.ID] = cache
+			return err
+		}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	db.entries.byID, db.entries.tx = byID, tx.ID()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// update keeps the mirror in step with its own write, and drops it when another process wrote in between or the write rolled back.
+func (db *cacheDB) update(fn func(*bbolt.Bucket) error) error {
+	err := db.bolt.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+		if db.entries.tx != tx.ID()-1 {
+			db.entries.byID = nil
+		}
+		db.entries.tx = tx.ID()
+		bucket, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists(cacheBucket)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return fn(bucket)
 	})
+	if err != nil {
+		db.entries.byID = nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (db *cacheDB) put(bucket *bbolt.Bucket, cache *Cache) error {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(cache)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if db.entries.byID != nil {
+		copied := *cache
+		db.entries.byID[cache.ID] = &copied
+	}
+	return bucket.Put(cacheKey(cache.ID), data)
+}
+
+func (db *cacheDB) delete(bucket *bbolt.Bucket, id uint64) error {
+	delete(db.entries.byID, id)
+	return bucket.Delete(cacheKey(id))
+}
+
+// dropLegacyIndexes deletes the index buckets bolthold kept, all created together and never recreated, checking first so later runs do not write.
+func (db *cacheDB) dropLegacyIndexes() error {
+	var found bool
+	_ = db.bolt.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+		found = tx.Bucket([]byte("_index:Cache:Key")) != nil
+		return nil
+	})
+	if !found {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return db.bolt.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+		for _, field := range []string{"Repo", "Key", "Version", "Complete", "UsedAt", "CreatedAt"} {
+			if err := tx.DeleteBucket([]byte("_index:Cache:" + field)); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, berrors.ErrBucketNotFound) {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// save rewrites a stored entry, failing once a sweep has removed it so a late commit cannot resurrect it.
+func (db *cacheDB) save(cache *Cache) error {
+	return db.update(func(bucket *bbolt.Bucket) error {
+		if bucket.Get(cacheKey(cache.ID)) == nil {
+			return errCacheNotFound
+		}
+		return db.put(bucket, cache)
+	})
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) openDB() (store *cacheDB, err error) {
+	select {
+	case h.dbLock <- struct{}{}:
+	case <-time.After(dbOpenTimeout):
+		return nil, berrors.ErrTimeout
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if store == nil { // only an opened store hands the lock to Close, even when Open panics
+			<-h.dbLock
+		}
+	}()
+	db, err := bbolt.Open(filepath.Join(h.dir, "bolt.db"), 0o644, &bbolt.Options{
+		Timeout:      dbOpenTimeout,
+		NoGrowSync:   bbolt.DefaultOptions.NoGrowSync,
+		FreelistType: bbolt.DefaultOptions.FreelistType,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &cacheDB{bolt: db, entries: &h.entries, close: sync.OnceValue(func() error {
+		defer func() { <-h.dbLock }()
+		return db.Close()
+	})}, nil
 }
 
 // syncMetadata mirrors the bucket into the store until ctx ends, so no request waits on S3 for it.
@@ -456,7 +596,7 @@ func (h *Handler) importMetadata(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	local := h.caches(db, bolthold.Where("Complete").Eq(true).Index("Complete"))
+	local := h.caches(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.Complete })
 	db.Close()
 
 	published, err := h.s3.published(ctx)
@@ -484,15 +624,15 @@ func (h *Handler) importMetadata(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
-	return db.Bolt().Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return db.update(func(bucket *bbolt.Bucket) error {
 		for _, cache := range added {
-			if err := db.TxUpsert(tx, cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+			if err := db.put(bucket, cache); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
 		for _, cache := range gone {
 			_ = h.s3.Storage.Remove(cache.ID) // a blob kept on disk before the runner used S3
-			if err := db.TxDelete(tx, cache.ID, cache); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+			if err := db.delete(bucket, cache.ID); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
@@ -501,7 +641,7 @@ func (h *Handler) importMetadata(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 // GET /_apis/artifactcache/cache
-func (h *Handler) find(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) find(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	keys := strings.Split(r.URL.Query().Get("keys"), ",")
 	version := r.URL.Query().Get("version")
@@ -532,7 +672,7 @@ func (h *Handler) find(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Para
 // lookupCache returns the entry to restore for these keys, or (nil, nil) when there is none:
 // either nothing matched, or the match had lost its blob to a prune, in which case the dangling
 // entry is dropped on the way out.
-func (h *Handler) lookupCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, version string) (*Cache, error) {
+func (h *Handler) lookupCache(db *cacheDB, repo string, keys []string, version string) (*Cache, error) {
 	cache, err := findCache(db, repo, keys, version)
 	if err != nil || cache == nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -552,7 +692,7 @@ func (h *Handler) lookupCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, ve
 }
 
 // POST /_apis/artifactcache/caches
-func (h *Handler) reserve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) reserve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	api := &Request{}
 	if err := json.UnmarshalRead(r.Body, api); err != nil {
@@ -571,9 +711,10 @@ func (h *Handler) reserve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.P
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
 
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	cache.CreatedAt = now
-	cache.UsedAt = now
+	now := time.Now()
+	cache.CreatedAt = now.Unix()
+	cache.CreatedAtNanos = now.Nanosecond()
+	cache.UsedAt = now.Unix()
 	if err := h.insertCache(db, cache); err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
 		return
@@ -584,23 +725,23 @@ func (h *Handler) reserve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.P
 }
 
 // PATCH /_apis/artifactcache/caches/:id
-func (h *Handler) upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
-	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.PathValue("id"), 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	cache := &Cache{}
 	db, err := h.openDB()
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
 		return
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
-	if err := db.Get(id, cache); err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+	cache, err := db.get(uint64(id))
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, errCacheNotFound) {
 			h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, fmt.Errorf("cache %d: not reserved", id))
 			return
 		}
@@ -618,7 +759,7 @@ func (h *Handler) upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprout
 		return
 	}
 	db.Close()
-	start, _, err := parseContentRange(r.Header.Get("Content-Range"))
+	start, err := parseContentRange(r.Header.Get("Content-Range"))
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 		return
@@ -632,23 +773,34 @@ func (h *Handler) upload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprout
 }
 
 // POST /_apis/artifactcache/caches/:id
-func (h *Handler) commit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) commit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
-	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.PathValue("id"), 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 		return
 	}
+	var request struct {
+		Size *int64 `json:"size"`
+	}
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 1<<20))
+	if err == nil && len(body) > 0 {
+		err = json.Unmarshal(body, &request)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
+		return
+	}
 
-	cache := &Cache{}
 	db, err := h.openDB()
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 500, err)
 		return
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
-	if err := db.Get(id, cache); err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
+	cache, err := db.get(uint64(id))
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, errCacheNotFound) {
 			h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, fmt.Errorf("cache %d: not reserved", id))
 			return
 		}
@@ -666,6 +818,14 @@ func (h *Handler) commit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprout
 		return
 	}
 
+	if request.Size != nil {
+		if *request.Size < 0 || cache.Size >= 0 && cache.Size != *request.Size {
+			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, errors.New("invalid cache size"))
+			return
+		}
+		cache.Size = *request.Size
+	}
+
 	db.Close()
 
 	if err := h.commitCache(cache); err != nil {
@@ -700,7 +860,7 @@ func (h *Handler) commitCache(cache *Cache) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
-	if err := db.Update(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+	if err := db.save(cache); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if h.s3 != nil {
@@ -719,8 +879,8 @@ func (h *Handler) commitCache(cache *Cache) error {
 // @actions/cache toolkit downloads archiveLocation without Authorization.
 // Repository scoping is already enforced at find() time; the signature binds
 // the URL to the specific cache ID and an expiry.
-func (h *Handler) get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
-	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+func (h *Handler) get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.PathValue("id"), 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 		return
@@ -730,7 +890,7 @@ func (h *Handler) get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.
 }
 
 // POST /_apis/artifactcache/clean
-func (h *Handler) clean(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) clean(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// TODO: don't support force deleting cache entries
 	// see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/caching-dependencies-to-speed-up-workflows#force-deleting-cache-entries
 
@@ -740,8 +900,8 @@ func (h *Handler) clean(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Par
 // bearerAuth resolves ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN against the set of currently
 // registered jobs. A match attaches the job's JobCredential to the request
 // context; a miss returns 401 before the handler body runs.
-func (h *Handler) bearerAuth(handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
-	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) bearerAuth(handler http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		h.logger.Debugf("%s %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
 		token := bearerToken(r)
 		if token == "" {
@@ -754,7 +914,7 @@ func (h *Handler) bearerAuth(handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
 			return
 		}
 		ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), credKey{}, cred)
-		handler(w, r.WithContext(ctx), params)
+		handler(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
 		go h.gcCache()
 	}
 }
@@ -769,10 +929,10 @@ func (h *Handler) unauthorized(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, err error
 
 // signedAuth authenticates a signed URL. purpose separates the flavours of URL the
 // handler hands out, so one cannot be replayed as another; see computeSignature.
-func (h *Handler) signedAuth(purpose string, handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
-	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) signedAuth(purpose string, handler http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		h.logger.Debugf("%s %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
-		id, err := strconv.ParseInt(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+		id, err := strconv.ParseInt(r.PathValue("id"), 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
 			h.responseJSON(w, r, 400, err)
 			return
@@ -797,7 +957,7 @@ func (h *Handler) signedAuth(purpose string, handler httprouter.Handle) httprout
 			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("bad signature"))
 			return
 		}
-		handler(w, r, params)
+		handler(w, r)
 		go h.gcCache()
 	}
 }
@@ -806,8 +966,8 @@ func (h *Handler) signedAuth(purpose string, handler httprouter.Handle) httprout
 // constant-time-equal the configured internalSecret. If the secret is empty,
 // the control-plane is disabled and every request gets 404 — which matches
 // the upstream nektos/act behavior of "the route does not exist".
-func (h *Handler) internalAuth(handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
-	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) internalAuth(handler http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if h.internalSecret == "" {
 			http.NotFound(w, r)
 			return
@@ -817,7 +977,7 @@ func (h *Handler) internalAuth(handler httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
 			h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("internal: bad secret"))
 			return
 		}
-		handler(w, r, params)
+		handler(w, r)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -840,7 +1000,7 @@ func (h *Handler) ResultsURL(cred JobCredential) string {
 	return h.baseURL(cred)
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) internalRegister(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) internalRegister(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var body internalRegisterBody
 	if err := json.UnmarshalRead(r.Body, &body); err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
@@ -855,7 +1015,7 @@ func (h *Handler) internalRegister(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ htt
 }
 
 // POST /_internal/revoke
-func (h *Handler) internalRevoke(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) internalRevoke(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var body internalRevokeBody
 	if err := json.UnmarshalRead(r.Body, &body); err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
@@ -885,10 +1045,8 @@ func bearerToken(r *http.Request) string {
 }
 
 func credFromContext(ctx context.Context) JobCredential {
-	if cred, ok := ctx.Value(credKey{}).(JobCredential); ok {
-		return cred
-	}
-	return JobCredential{}
+	cred, _ := ctx.Value(credKey{}).(JobCredential)
+	return cred
 }
 
 // computeSignature signs a URL for one cache entry and expiry. purpose is mixed into the
@@ -914,8 +1072,7 @@ func (h *Handler) signedArtifactURL(cred JobCredential, cacheID uint64, exp time
 }
 
 // if not found, return (nil, nil) instead of an error.
-func findCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, version string) (*Cache, error) {
-	cache := &Cache{}
+func findCache(db *cacheDB, repo string, keys []string, version string) (*Cache, error) {
 	for _, prefix := range keys {
 		// if a key in the list matches exactly, don't return partial matches
 		exact, err := findExactCache(db, repo, prefix, version, true)
@@ -925,22 +1082,28 @@ func findCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, version string) (
 		if exact != nil {
 			return exact, nil
 		}
-		if err := db.FindOne(cache,
-			bolthold.Where("Repo").Eq(repo).Index("Repo").
-				And("Key").MatchFunc(func(key string) (bool, error) { return strings.HasPrefix(key, prefix), nil }).
-				And("Version").Eq(version).
-				And("Complete").Eq(true).
-				SortBy("CreatedAt").Reverse()); err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
-				continue
-			}
+		caches, err := db.find(func(cache *Cache) bool {
+			return cache.Repo == repo && strings.HasPrefix(cache.Key, prefix) && cache.Version == version && cache.Complete
+		})
+		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("find cache: %w", err)
 		}
-		return cache, nil
+		if cache := latest(caches, (*Cache).createdAtNano); cache != nil {
+			return cache, nil
+		}
 	}
 	return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 }
 
+func latest(caches []*Cache, stamp func(*Cache) int64) *Cache {
+	if len(caches) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return slices.MaxFunc(caches, func(left, right *Cache) int {
+		return cmp.Or(cmp.Compare(stamp(left), stamp(right)), cmp.Compare(left.ID, right.ID))
+	})
+}
+
 // findExactCache returns the entry for exactly this key and version, or (nil, nil) if there is
 // none. Unlike findCache it never falls back to a prefix (restore-key) match, which is what both
 // its callers need: a new key that is only a prefix of an existing key is not the same entry.
@@ -948,43 +1111,33 @@ func findCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo string, keys []string, version string) (
 // A completed entry is the one to restore, sorted by when it was written. An incomplete one is a
 // reservation being uploaded to, sorted by when it was last written to, because the upload route
 // touches UsedAt on every part.
-func findExactCache(db *bolthold.Store, repo, key, version string, complete bool) (*Cache, error) {
-	sortBy := "UsedAt"
-	if complete {
-		sortBy = "CreatedAt"
-	}
-	cache := &Cache{}
-	err := db.FindOne(cache,
-		bolthold.Where("Key").Eq(key).Index("Key").
-			And("Repo").Eq(repo).
-			And("Version").Eq(version).
-			And("Complete").Eq(complete).
-			SortBy(sortBy).Reverse())
-	if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
-		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // absence is not an error here
-	}
+func findExactCache(db *cacheDB, repo, key, version string, complete bool) (*Cache, error) {
+	caches, err := db.find(func(cache *Cache) bool {
+		return cache.Key == key && cache.Repo == repo && cache.Version == version && cache.Complete == complete
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("find cache: %w", err)
 	}
-	return cache, nil
+	stamp := func(cache *Cache) int64 { return cache.UsedAt }
+	if complete {
+		stamp = (*Cache).createdAtNano
+	}
+	return latest(caches, stamp), nil
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) insertCache(db *bolthold.Store, cache *Cache) error {
-	if h.s3 != nil {
-		var id [8]byte
-		_, _ = rand.Read(id[:])
-		cache.ID = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(id[:]) >> 11 // IDs must be unique across runners, and v1 clients parse an ID as a JS number
-		return db.Insert(cache.ID, cache)
-	}
-	return db.Bolt().Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
-		if err := db.TxInsert(tx, bolthold.NextSequence(), cache); err != nil {
+func (h *Handler) insertCache(db *cacheDB, cache *Cache) error {
+	return db.update(func(bucket *bbolt.Bucket) (err error) {
+		if h.s3 != nil {
+			var id [8]byte
+			_, _ = rand.Read(id[:])
+			cache.ID = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(id[:]) >> 11 // IDs must be unique across runners, and v1 clients parse an ID as a JS number
+		} else if cache.ID, err = bucket.NextSequence(); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("insert cache: %w", err)
 		}
-		// write back id to db
-		if err := db.TxUpdate(tx, cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("write back id to db: %w", err)
+		if bucket.Get(cacheKey(cache.ID)) != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("insert cache: id %d is taken", cache.ID)
 		}
-		return nil
+		return db.put(bucket, cache)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -1000,11 +1153,11 @@ func (h *Handler) touchCache(id uint64, requireIncomplete bool) error {
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
 
-	cache := &Cache{}
-	if err := db.Get(id, cache); err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, bolthold.ErrNotFound) {
-			return nil
-		}
+	cache, err := db.get(id)
+	if errors.Is(err, errCacheNotFound) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if requireIncomplete && cache.Complete {
@@ -1014,7 +1167,7 @@ func (h *Handler) touchCache(id uint64, requireIncomplete bool) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	cache.UsedAt = time.Now().Unix()
-	return db.Update(cache.ID, cache)
+	return db.save(cache)
 }
 
 const (
@@ -1060,9 +1213,6 @@ func (p Policy) withDefaults() Policy {
 }
 
 func (h *Handler) gcCache() {
-	if h.gcing.Load() {
-		return
-	}
 	if !h.gcing.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
 		return
 	}
@@ -1081,6 +1231,9 @@ func (h *Handler) gcCache() {
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
 
+	if err := db.dropLegacyIndexes(); err != nil {
+		h.logger.Warnf("drop legacy indexes: %v", err)
+	}
 	h.evictIncomplete(db)
 	if h.s3 != nil {
 		return // lifecycle rules on the bucket expire its entries
@@ -1093,7 +1246,7 @@ func (h *Handler) gcCache() {
 
 // evictForFreeSpace bounds the volume itself, so it also covers bytes the cache never
 // accounted for.
-func (h *Handler) evictForFreeSpace(db *bolthold.Store) {
+func (h *Handler) evictForFreeSpace(db *cacheDB) {
 	free, err := h.freeDisk(h.dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.logger.Debugf("free disk check: %v", err) // unsupported platform, treat as unavailable rather than full
@@ -1113,38 +1266,33 @@ func (h *Handler) evictForFreeSpace(db *bolthold.Store) {
 }
 
 // evictIncomplete removes uploads that stopped part way, which are most likely broken.
-func (h *Handler) evictIncomplete(db *bolthold.Store) {
-	h.sweep(db, bolthold.
-		Where("UsedAt").Lt(time.Now().Add(-uploadStallTimeout).Unix()).
-		And("Complete").Eq(false).
-		Index("UsedAt"))
+func (h *Handler) evictIncomplete(db *cacheDB) {
+	stalled := time.Now().Add(-uploadStallTimeout).Unix()
+	h.sweep(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.UsedAt < stalled && !cache.Complete })
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) evictExpired(db *bolthold.Store) {
+func (h *Handler) evictExpired(db *cacheDB) {
 	if h.policy.Retention <= 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	// Never below inUseGrace, or a short retention would outrun a signed URL already issued.
-	window := max(h.policy.Retention+touchStale, inUseGrace)
-	h.sweep(db, bolthold.Where("UsedAt").Lt(time.Now().Add(-window).Unix()).Index("UsedAt"))
+	expired := time.Now().Add(-max(h.policy.Retention+touchStale, inUseGrace)).Unix()
+	h.sweep(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.UsedAt < expired })
 }
 
 // evictSuperseded removes entries a newer one with the same key and version replaced. The
-// aggregation includes Repo so two repos sharing a (key, version) do not evict each other.
-func (h *Handler) evictSuperseded(db *bolthold.Store) {
-	results, err := db.FindAggregate(&Cache{}, bolthold.Where("Complete").Eq(true).Index("Complete"), "Repo", "Key", "Version")
-	if err != nil {
-		h.logger.Warnf("find aggregate caches: %v", err)
-		return
+// grouping includes Repo so two repos sharing a (key, version) do not evict each other.
+func (h *Handler) evictSuperseded(db *cacheDB) {
+	type entry struct{ repo, key, version string }
+	groups := make(map[entry][]*Cache)
+	for _, cache := range h.caches(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.Complete }) {
+		group := entry{cache.Repo, cache.Key, cache.Version}
+		groups[group] = append(groups[group], cache)
 	}
-	var caches []*Cache
-	for _, result := range results {
-		if result.Count() <= 1 {
-			continue
-		}
-		result.Sort("CreatedAt")
-		caches = caches[:0]
-		result.Reduction(&caches)
+	for _, caches := range groups {
+		slices.SortFunc(caches, func(left, right *Cache) int {
+			return cmp.Or(cmp.Compare(left.createdAtNano(), right.createdAtNano()), cmp.Compare(left.ID, right.ID))
+		})
 		for _, cache := range caches[:len(caches)-1] {
 			if inUse(cache) {
 				continue
@@ -1156,7 +1304,7 @@ func (h *Handler) evictSuperseded(db *bolthold.Store) {
 
 // evictOversized applies the per-repository limit, then the whole-store one. Only completed
 // entries count, since only those carry a size measured at commit rather than claimed.
-func (h *Handler) evictOversized(db *bolthold.Store) {
+func (h *Handler) evictOversized(db *cacheDB) {
 	if h.policy.RepoSizeLimit > 0 {
 		byRepo := make(map[string][]*Cache)
 		for _, cache := range h.completedByUse(db) {
@@ -1171,7 +1319,7 @@ func (h *Handler) evictOversized(db *bolthold.Store) {
 
 // evictTotal caps the store as a whole. It re-queries because the per-repo pass may have
 // deleted rows an earlier result still holds.
-func (h *Handler) evictTotal(db *bolthold.Store) {
+func (h *Handler) evictTotal(db *cacheDB) {
 	if h.policy.SizeLimit <= 0 {
 		return
 	}
@@ -1179,15 +1327,15 @@ func (h *Handler) evictTotal(db *bolthold.Store) {
 }
 
 // evictRepo reclaims space when a commit pushes a repo over, rather than at the next sweep.
-func (h *Handler) evictRepo(db *bolthold.Store, repo string) {
+func (h *Handler) evictRepo(db *cacheDB, repo string) {
 	if h.policy.RepoSizeLimit <= 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	h.evictTo(db, h.cachesByUse(db, bolthold.Where("Repo").Eq(repo).And("Complete").Eq(true).Index("Repo")), h.policy.RepoSizeLimit, "repository "+repo)
+	h.evictTo(db, h.cachesByUse(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.Repo == repo && cache.Complete }), h.policy.RepoSizeLimit, "repository "+repo)
 }
 
 // evictTo deletes until caches fit limit. caches must be ordered by UsedAt ascending.
-func (h *Handler) evictTo(db *bolthold.Store, caches []*Cache, limit int64, scope string) {
+func (h *Handler) evictTo(db *cacheDB, caches []*Cache, limit int64, scope string) {
 	// An entry bigger than the limit never fits, so it goes on its own account instead of
 	// dragging every neighbour out first and then following them next sweep.
 	fits := caches[:0]
@@ -1234,41 +1382,39 @@ func touchNeeded(cache *Cache) bool {
 // touch stamps UsedAt through the caller's store, a bolt write on the read path. It cannot
 // go through touchCache, which opens its own store and would block on the exclusive lock
 // for as long as the caller holds one.
-func (h *Handler) touch(db *bolthold.Store, cache *Cache) {
+func (h *Handler) touch(db *cacheDB, cache *Cache) {
 	if !touchNeeded(cache) {
 		return
 	}
 	cache.UsedAt = time.Now().Unix()
-	if err := db.Update(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+	if err := db.save(cache); err != nil {
 		h.logger.Warnf("touch cache: %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) sweep(db *bolthold.Store, query *bolthold.Query) {
-	for _, cache := range h.caches(db, query) {
+func (h *Handler) sweep(db *cacheDB, match func(*Cache) bool) {
+	for _, cache := range h.caches(db, match) {
 		h.deleteCache(db, cache)
 	}
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) caches(db *bolthold.Store, query *bolthold.Query) []*Cache {
-	var caches []*Cache
-	if err := db.Find(&caches, query); err != nil {
+func (h *Handler) caches(db *cacheDB, match func(*Cache) bool) []*Cache {
+	caches, err := db.find(match)
+	if err != nil {
 		h.logger.Warnf("find caches: %v", err)
 	}
 	return caches
 }
 
-// cachesByUse returns matches least recently accessed first, sorting here rather than with
-// bolthold's SortBy, which reflects over every field it compares.
-func (h *Handler) cachesByUse(db *bolthold.Store, query *bolthold.Query) []*Cache {
-	caches := h.caches(db, query)
+func (h *Handler) cachesByUse(db *cacheDB, match func(*Cache) bool) []*Cache {
+	caches := h.caches(db, match)
 	slices.SortFunc(caches, func(a, b *Cache) int { return cmp.Compare(a.UsedAt, b.UsedAt) })
 	return caches
 }
 
 // completedByUse returns every entry the size limits count, least recently accessed first.
-func (h *Handler) completedByUse(db *bolthold.Store) []*Cache {
-	return h.cachesByUse(db, bolthold.Where("Complete").Eq(true).Index("Complete"))
+func (h *Handler) completedByUse(db *cacheDB) []*Cache {
+	return h.cachesByUse(db, func(cache *Cache) bool { return cache.Complete })
 }
 
 func totalSize(caches []*Cache) int64 {
@@ -1281,7 +1427,7 @@ func totalSize(caches []*Cache) int64 {
 
 // deleteCache drops an entry and its bytes, reporting whether it went fully. The blob goes
 // first, so a failed unlink leaves the row for the next sweep instead of orphaning bytes.
-func (h *Handler) deleteCache(db *bolthold.Store, cache *Cache) bool {
+func (h *Handler) deleteCache(db *cacheDB, cache *Cache) bool {
 	storage := h.storage
 	if h.s3 != nil && !cache.Complete {
 		storage = h.s3.Storage // an upload not yet committed has nothing in the bucket
@@ -1290,7 +1436,7 @@ func (h *Handler) deleteCache(db *bolthold.Store, cache *Cache) bool {
 		h.logger.Warnf("remove cache blob: %v", err)
 		return false
 	}
-	if err := db.Delete(cache.ID, cache); err != nil {
+	if err := db.update(func(bucket *bbolt.Bucket) error { return db.delete(bucket, cache.ID) }); err != nil {
 		h.logger.Warnf("delete cache: %v", err)
 		return false
 	}
@@ -1315,18 +1461,17 @@ func (h *Handler) responseJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, code int,
 	_, _ = w.Write(data)
 }
 
-func parseContentRange(s string) (int64, int64, error) {
+func parseContentRange(s string) (int64, error) {
 	// support the format like "bytes 11-22/*" only
 	s, _, _ = strings.Cut(strings.TrimPrefix(s, "bytes "), "/")
 	s1, s2, _ := strings.Cut(s, "-")
 
 	start, err := strconv.ParseInt(s1, 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", s, err)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", s, err)
 	}
-	stop, err := strconv.ParseInt(s2, 10, 64)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", s, err)
+	if _, err := strconv.ParseInt(s2, 10, 64); err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", s, err)
 	}
-	return start, stop, nil
+	return start, nil
 }

act/artifactcache/handler_v2.go

@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
-
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 )
 
 // The cache service v2 API. A client on this version talks twirp to
@@ -44,16 +42,16 @@ const (
 	twirpUnauthenticated = "unauthenticated"
 )
 
-func (h *Handler) registerV2Routes(router *httprouter.Router) {
-	router.POST(cacheServiceV2Path+"/CreateCacheEntry", h.bearerAuth(h.v2CreateCacheEntry))
-	router.POST(cacheServiceV2Path+"/FinalizeCacheEntryUpload", h.bearerAuth(h.v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload))
-	router.POST(cacheServiceV2Path+"/GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", h.bearerAuth(h.v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL))
-	router.PUT(blobPath+"/:id", h.signedAuth(blobUploadPurpose, h.v2UploadBlob))
+func (h *Handler) registerV2Routes(router *http.ServeMux) {
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+cacheServiceV2Path+"/CreateCacheEntry", h.bearerAuth(h.v2CreateCacheEntry))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+cacheServiceV2Path+"/FinalizeCacheEntryUpload", h.bearerAuth(h.v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload))
+	router.HandleFunc("POST "+cacheServiceV2Path+"/GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", h.bearerAuth(h.v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL))
+	router.HandleFunc("PUT "+blobPath+"/{id}", h.signedAuth(blobUploadPurpose, h.v2UploadBlob))
 }
 
 // An entry that already exists is reported as not ok, which is how the client learns to skip
 // the upload.
-func (h *Handler) v2CreateCacheEntry(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) v2CreateCacheEntry(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	req, err := decodeTwirpRequest[v2CreateRequest](r)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -102,15 +100,16 @@ func (h *Handler) v2CreateCacheEntry(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ h
 		return
 	}
 
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	now := time.Now()
 	cache := &Cache{
-		Repo:      cred.Repo,
-		Key:       req.Key,
-		Version:   req.Version,
-		Owner:     owner,
-		Size:      -1, // the size is only known at finalize time
-		CreatedAt: now,
-		UsedAt:    now,
+		Repo:           cred.Repo,
+		Key:            req.Key,
+		Version:        req.Version,
+		Owner:          owner,
+		Size:           -1, // the size is only known at finalize time
+		CreatedAt:      now.Unix(),
+		CreatedAtNanos: now.Nanosecond(),
+		UsedAt:         now.Unix(),
 	}
 	if err := h.insertCache(db, cache); err != nil {
 		h.twirpError(w, r, twirpInternal, err)
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@ func (h *Handler) v2CreateCacheEntry(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ h
 	})
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	req, err := decodeTwirpRequest[v2FinalizeRequest](r)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ func (h *Handler) v2FinalizeCacheEntryUpload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 	})
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
+func (h *Handler) v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	cred := credFromContext(r.Context())
 	req, err := decodeTwirpRequest[v2DownloadRequest](r)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -207,8 +206,8 @@ func (h *Handler) v2GetCacheEntryDownloadURL(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 // The archive arrives over the subset of the Azure blob API the toolkit uses: a small
 // cache is a single PUT, a large one is staged as blocks that a final block list puts
 // in order.
-func (h *Handler) v2UploadBlob(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
-	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(params.ByName("id"), 10, 64)
+func (h *Handler) v2UploadBlob(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(r.PathValue("id"), 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.responseJSON(w, r, http.StatusBadRequest, err)
 		return

act/artifactcache/handler_v2_test.go

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-// v2Call posts a twirp request to the cache service and returns the decoded response.
-// Field names are the proto ones, which is what the toolkit's client sends.
 func v2Call(t *testing.T, handler *Handler, client *http.Client, method string, request any) map[string]any {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -37,7 +35,6 @@ func v2Call(t *testing.T, handler *Handler, client *http.Client, method string,
 	return got
 }
 
-// putBlob uploads to a signed URL and returns the status, so a test can assert a refusal.
 func putBlob(t *testing.T, url string, content []byte) int {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -47,8 +44,6 @@ func putBlob(t *testing.T, url string, content []byte) int {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusCreated {
-		// The Azure SDK client dereferences this header without checking, so a blob upload that
-		// omits it panics the caller rather than failing it.
 		require.NotEmpty(t, resp.Header.Get("x-ms-request-id"))
 	}
 	return resp.StatusCode
@@ -67,8 +62,6 @@ func getURL(t *testing.T, url string) []byte {
 	return body
 }
 
-// saveV2 runs the reserve/upload/finalize sequence and returns the finalize response along
-// with the upload URL it used.
 func saveV2(t *testing.T, handler *Handler, key, version string, content []byte) (finalized map[string]any, uploadURL string) {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -84,10 +77,8 @@ func saveV2(t *testing.T, handler *Handler, key, version string, content []byte)
 	}), uploadURL
 }
 
-// The whole round trip an actions/cache v2 client makes, plus the guarantees on the signed
-// URLs it is handed: unsigned requests are refused, an upload URL cannot be replayed to read
-// or to replace a finalized entry.
 func TestCacheServiceV2RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	handler := newTestHandler(t, Policy{})
 	content := []byte("the cached archive")
 
@@ -98,10 +89,8 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, true, finalized["ok"])
 	assert.NotEmpty(t, finalized["entry_id"])
 
-	// The upload URL outlives the finalize call, so replaying it must not poison the entry,
-	// and it is an upload URL only: nothing reads a blob back through it.
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, putBlob(t, uploadURL, []byte("poisoned")))
-	resp, err := http.Get(uploadURL) //nolint:noctx // the URL is the server under test
+	resp, err := http.Get(uploadURL)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, resp.StatusCode)
@@ -114,9 +103,8 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, content, getURL(t, downloadURL))
 }
 
-// A large archive is staged as blocks and only put in order by the final block list, so
-// blocks that arrive out of order must still be assembled the way the client asked.
 func TestCacheServiceV2BlockUpload(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	handler := newTestHandler(t, Policy{})
 
 	created := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", map[string]any{"key": "blocks", "version": "v1"})
@@ -130,7 +118,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2BlockUpload(t *testing.T) {
 		blocks[blockID] = []byte(part)
 		order = append(order, blockID)
 	}
-	// Upload in an order that is not the block list order.
 	for _, blockID := range []string{order[2], order[0], order[1]} {
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, putBlob(t, uploadURL+"&comp=block&blockid="+blockID, blocks[blockID]))
 	}
@@ -165,6 +152,7 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2BlockUpload(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	handler := newTestHandler(t, Policy{})
 	saved, _ := saveV2(t, handler, "deps-abc", "v1", []byte("x"))
 	require.Equal(t, true, saved["ok"])
@@ -174,8 +162,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, false, got["ok"])
 	})
 
-	// The toolkit serialises with the proto field names; the camelCase spellings of the same
-	// proto JSON mapping are accepted alongside them.
 	for _, field := range []string{"restore_keys", "restoreKeys"} {
 		t.Run("restore keys match by prefix, spelled "+field, func(t *testing.T) {
 			got := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", map[string]any{
@@ -191,9 +177,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, false, again["ok"])
 	})
 
-	// A key that is only a prefix of an existing one is a different entry, so the
-	// reservation check must be exact and not a restore-key prefix match, or the shorter
-	// key would be reported as existing and silently never saved.
 	t.Run("a prefix of an existing key is still reserved", func(t *testing.T) {
 		reserved := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", map[string]any{"key": "deps", "version": "v1"})
 		require.Equal(t, true, reserved["ok"])
@@ -219,7 +202,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, false, got["ok"])
 	})
 
-	// The size the client declares is what Commit validates the assembled archive against.
 	t.Run("finalizing with the wrong size is not ok", func(t *testing.T) {
 		created := v2Call(t, handler, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", map[string]any{"key": "wrong-size", "version": "v1"})
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, putBlob(t, created["signed_upload_url"].(string), []byte("four")))
@@ -230,8 +212,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, false, got["ok"])
 	})
 
-	// Both API versions are served from one store, so an entry written through v2 is a hit for
-	// a v1 client asking for the same key and version.
 	t.Run("a v1 client sees an entry written through v2", func(t *testing.T) {
 		resp, err := testClient.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s/cache?keys=deps-abc&version=v1", handler.ExternalURL(), apiPath))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -244,7 +224,6 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NotEmpty(t, got["archiveLocation"])
 	})
 
-	// The cache of one repository must stay invisible to another, as it does for the v1 API.
 	t.Run("another repository sees nothing", func(t *testing.T) {
 		handler.RegisterJob("other-runtime-token", JobCredential{Repo: "other/repo"})
 		otherClient := &http.Client{Transport: &bearerTransport{token: "other-runtime-token"}}
@@ -255,6 +234,7 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2Lookups(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCacheServiceV2RefusalsAreTwirp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	handler := newTestHandler(t, Policy{})
 
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -291,6 +271,7 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2RefusalsAreTwirp(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCacheServiceV2ConcurrentSaveAndRetries(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	handler := newTestHandler(t, Policy{})
 	content := []byte("the cached archive")
 
@@ -321,20 +302,12 @@ func TestCacheServiceV2ConcurrentSaveAndRetries(t *testing.T) {
 		"another job's upload is not this job's to finalize")
 
 	base := handler.ExternalURL() + apiPath
-	reserveV1, err := json.Marshal(&Request{Key: "v1-made", Version: "v1", Size: int64(len(content))})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	resp, err := testClient.Post(base+"/caches", "application/json", bytes.NewReader(reserveV1))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	var madeByV1 struct {
-		CacheID uint64 `json:"cacheId"`
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, json.UnmarshalRead(resp.Body, &madeByV1))
-	resp.Body.Close()
+	madeByV1 := reserveCache(t, testClient, base, "v1-made", "v1", int64(len(content)))
 	upload, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(t.Context(), http.MethodPatch,
-		fmt.Sprintf("%s/caches/%d", base, madeByV1.CacheID), bytes.NewReader(content))
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s/caches/%d", base, madeByV1), bytes.NewReader(content))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	upload.Header.Set("Content-Range", fmt.Sprintf("bytes 0-%d/*", len(content)-1))
-	resp, err = testClient.Do(upload)
+	resp, err := testClient.Do(upload)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	resp.Body.Close()
 	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)

act/artifactcache/model.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 package artifactcache
 
+import "time"
+
 type Request struct {
 	Key     string `json:"key" `
 	Version string `json:"version"`
@@ -11,13 +13,18 @@ type Request struct {
 }
 
 type Cache struct {
-	ID        uint64 `json:"id" boltholdKey:"ID"`
-	Repo      string `json:"repo" boltholdIndex:"Repo"`
-	Key       string `json:"key" boltholdIndex:"Key"`
-	Version   string `json:"version" boltholdIndex:"Version"`
-	Size      int64  `json:"cacheSize"`
-	Owner     string `json:"owner"` // hashed bearer, so a job's own retry is not another job's reservation
-	Complete  bool   `json:"complete" boltholdIndex:"Complete"`
-	UsedAt    int64  `json:"usedAt" boltholdIndex:"UsedAt"`
-	CreatedAt int64  `json:"createdAt" boltholdIndex:"CreatedAt"`
+	ID             uint64 `json:"id"`
+	Repo           string `json:"repo"`
+	Key            string `json:"key"`
+	Version        string `json:"version"`
+	Size           int64  `json:"cacheSize"`
+	Owner          string `json:"owner"` // hashed bearer, so a job's own retry is not another job's reservation
+	Complete       bool   `json:"complete"`
+	UsedAt         int64  `json:"usedAt"`
+	CreatedAt      int64  `json:"createdAt"`
+	CreatedAtNanos int    `json:"createdAtNanos,omitzero"`
+}
+
+func (cache *Cache) createdAtNano() int64 {
+	return cache.CreatedAt*int64(time.Second) + int64(cache.CreatedAtNanos)
 }

act/artifactcache/results.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package artifactcache
 
 import (
+	"cmp"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -74,14 +75,7 @@ func (h *Handler) forwardOrNotFound(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // A protocol switch loses the bearer or the agent, and an untrusted instance needs skipped verification.
 func (h *Handler) mustProxy(r *http.Request, cred JobCredential, target *url.URL) bool {
-	if cred.InsecureTLS && target.Scheme == "https" {
-		return true
-	}
-	scheme := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto")
-	if scheme == "" {
-		scheme = "http"
-	}
-	return scheme != target.Scheme
+	return cred.InsecureTLS && target.Scheme == "https" || cmp.Or(r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto"), "http") != target.Scheme
 }
 
 func mergeQuery(target, request string) string {

act/artifactcache/results_test.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestFrontResultsService(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	var gotHost, gotPath, gotProto string
 	gitea := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		gotHost, gotPath, gotProto = r.Host, r.URL.Path, r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto")

act/artifactcache/s3_storage.go

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
 // S3Options configures the bucket that stores completed cache entries.
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ type cacheStorage interface {
 	Remove(uint64) error
 }
 
-const s3PartSize = 5 << 30 // the largest part S3 accepts
+const s3PartSize = 64 << 20
 
 // s3Storage stages uploads on disk and keeps completed entries and their metadata in a bucket.
 type s3Storage struct {
@@ -69,6 +73,7 @@ func newS3Storage(staging *Storage, opts S3Options) (*s3Storage, error) {
 	}
 	transport, _ := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
 	transport = transport.Clone()
+	transport.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = 32            // 4 parts each for the 8 jobs a runner commonly runs
 	transport.ResponseHeaderTimeout = time.Minute // a stalled endpoint must not hold the store forever
 	pathStyle := !strings.HasSuffix(endpoint.Hostname(), ".amazonaws.com")
 	if opts.PathStyle != nil {
@@ -209,26 +214,43 @@ func (s *s3Storage) Commit(id uint64, size int64) (int64, error) {
 	return written, nil
 }
 
-// upload always goes in parts, the only way S3 takes an object over 5 GiB.
-func (s *s3Storage) upload(ctx context.Context, key string, file io.ReaderAt, size int64) error {
+func (s *s3Storage) upload(ctx context.Context, key string, file io.ReaderAt, size int64) (uploadErr error) {
+	if size <= s3PartSize {
+		_, err := s.call(ctx, http.MethodPut, key, nil, io.NewSectionReader(file, 0, size), nil)
+		return err
+	}
 	var created struct {
 		UploadID string `xml:"UploadId"`
 	}
 	if _, err := s.call(ctx, http.MethodPost, key, url.Values{"uploads": {""}}, nil, &created); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	defer func() {
+		if uploadErr != nil && created.UploadID != "" {
+			abortCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), time.Minute)
+			defer cancel()
+			_, _ = s.call(abortCtx, http.MethodDelete, key, url.Values{"uploadId": {created.UploadID}}, nil, nil)
+		}
+	}()
 	var completion struct {
 		XMLName xml.Name `xml:"CompleteMultipartUpload"`
 		Parts   []s3Part `xml:"Part"`
 	}
-	for offset := int64(0); offset == 0 || offset < size; offset += s3PartSize {
-		number, length := len(completion.Parts)+1, min(s3PartSize, size-offset)
-		query := url.Values{"partNumber": {strconv.Itoa(number)}, "uploadId": {created.UploadID}}
-		header, err := s.call(ctx, http.MethodPut, key, query, io.NewSectionReader(file, offset, length), nil)
-		if err != nil {
+	partSize := max(int64(s3PartSize), (size-1)/10000+1)
+	completion.Parts = make([]s3Part, (size-1)/partSize+1)
+	workers, workerCtx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+	workers.SetLimit(4)
+	for part := range completion.Parts {
+		workers.Go(func() (err error) {
+			defer common.RecoverPanic(&err)
+			offset := int64(part) * partSize
+			header, err := s.call(workerCtx, http.MethodPut, key, url.Values{"partNumber": {strconv.Itoa(part + 1)}, "uploadId": {created.UploadID}}, io.NewSectionReader(file, offset, min(partSize, size-offset)), nil)
+			completion.Parts[part] = s3Part{part + 1, header.Get("ETag")}
 			return err
-		}
-		completion.Parts = append(completion.Parts, s3Part{number, header.Get("ETag")})
+		})
+	}
+	if err := workers.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	body, err := xml.Marshal(completion)
 	if err != nil {

act/artifactcache/s3_storage_test.go

@@ -4,40 +4,135 @@
 package artifactcache
 
 import (
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/johannesboyne/gofakes3"
-	"github.com/johannesboyne/gofakes3/backend/s3mem"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestHandler_S3SharesEntriesAndDropsExpiredOnes(t *testing.T) {
-	backend := s3mem.New()
-	require.NoError(t, backend.CreateBucket("cache"))
-	server := httptest.NewServer(gofakes3.New(backend).Server())
+	t.Parallel()
+	var objects sync.Map
+	var uploads atomic.Int32
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		key := strings.TrimPrefix(request.URL.Path, "/cache/")
+		switch {
+		case request.Method == http.MethodPut:
+			if strings.Contains(key, "/blobs/") {
+				uploads.Add(1)
+			}
+			body, err := io.ReadAll(request.Body)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			objects.Store(key, body)
+		case request.URL.Query().Has("list-type"):
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, "<ListBucketResult>")
+			objects.Range(func(stored, _ any) bool {
+				_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, "<Contents><Key>"+stored.(string)+"</Key></Contents>")
+				return true
+			})
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, "</ListBucketResult>")
+		default:
+			if body, ok := objects.Load(key); ok {
+				_, _ = writer.Write(body.([]byte))
+			} else {
+				writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+			}
+		}
+	}))
 	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
 	opts := Options{S3: &S3Options{Endpoint: server.URL, Bucket: "cache", Prefix: "runners", AccessKey: "key", SecretKey: "secret"}}
 	saver, restorer := startTestHandler(t, opts), startTestHandler(t, opts)
 	entry := map[string]any{"key": "deps", "version": "v1"}
 
+	started := time.Now()
 	finalized, _ := saveV2(t, saver, "deps", "v1", []byte("archive"))
 	require.Equal(t, true, finalized["ok"])
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 1, uploads.Load())
+	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(finalized["entry_id"].(string), 10, 64)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cache, err := saver.s3.fetch(t.Context(), id)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.WithinRange(t, time.Unix(cache.CreatedAt, int64(cache.CreatedAtNanos)), started, time.Now())
 	require.NoError(t, restorer.importMetadata(t.Context()))
 	found := v2Call(t, restorer, testClient, "GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", entry)
 	require.Equal(t, true, found["ok"])
 	assert.Equal(t, []byte("archive"), getURL(t, found["signed_download_url"].(string)))
 
-	require.NoError(t, backend.ForceDeleteBucket("cache"))
-	require.NoError(t, backend.CreateBucket("cache"))
+	for _, cache := range []*Cache{
+		{ID: 2, Repo: testRepo, Key: "deps-old", Version: "v1", Complete: true, CreatedAt: cache.CreatedAt},
+		{ID: 1, Repo: testRepo, Key: "deps-new", Version: "v1", Complete: true, CreatedAt: cache.CreatedAt, CreatedAtNanos: 1},
+	} {
+		require.NoError(t, saver.s3.publish(cache))
+		objects.Store(saver.s3.blobKey(cache.ID), []byte(cache.Key))
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, restorer.importMetadata(t.Context()))
+	found = v2Call(t, restorer, testClient, "GetCacheEntryDownloadURL", map[string]any{"key": "deps-", "version": "v1"})
+	require.Equal(t, true, found["ok"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "deps-new", found["matched_key"])
+	assert.Equal(t, []byte("deps-new"), getURL(t, found["signed_download_url"].(string)))
+
+	objects.Clear()
 	require.NoError(t, restorer.importMetadata(t.Context()))
 	assert.Equal(t, true, v2Call(t, restorer, testClient, "CreateCacheEntry", entry)["ok"])
 }
 
+type s3TestTransport func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (transport s3TestTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return transport(req)
+}
+
+func TestS3StorageUploadsLargeObjectsInPartsAndAbortsOnFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	for _, failingPart := range []string{"", "2"} {
+		var parts, aborts atomic.Int32
+		var completion struct {
+			Parts []s3Part `xml:"Part"`
+		}
+		storage := &s3Storage{bucketURL: httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://cache.local/bucket", nil).URL}
+		storage.client = &http.Client{Transport: s3TestTransport(func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+			query, response := req.URL.Query(), &http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusOK, Header: make(http.Header), Body: http.NoBody}
+			switch {
+			case query.Has("uploads"):
+				response.Body = io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("<InitiateMultipartUploadResult><UploadId>upload</UploadId></InitiateMultipartUploadResult>"))
+			case req.Method == http.MethodPut:
+				parts.Add(1)
+				response.Header.Set("ETag", "etag-"+query.Get("partNumber"))
+				if query.Get("partNumber") == failingPart {
+					response.StatusCode, response.Body = http.StatusBadRequest, io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("<Error><Code>InvalidPart</Code></Error>"))
+				}
+			case req.Method == http.MethodPost:
+				require.NoError(t, xml.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&completion))
+				response.Body = io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("<CompleteMultipartUploadResult/>"))
+			case req.Method == http.MethodDelete:
+				aborts.Add(1)
+			}
+			return response, nil
+		})}
+		err := storage.upload(t.Context(), "blobs/1", strings.NewReader(""), 2*int64(s3PartSize)+1)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 3, parts.Load())
+		if failingPart == "" {
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, []s3Part{{1, "etag-1"}, {2, "etag-2"}, {3, "etag-3"}}, completion.Parts)
+			assert.Zero(t, aborts.Load())
+		} else {
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, "InvalidPart")
+			assert.EqualValues(t, 1, aborts.Load())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestS3StorageSignsLikeAWS(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	storage := &s3Storage{opts: S3Options{Region: "us-east-1", AccessKey: "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", SecretKey: "wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY"}}
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://examplebucket.s3.amazonaws.com/?max-keys=2&prefix=J", nil)
 	req.Header.Set("X-Amz-Content-Sha256", "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855")

act/artifactcache/storage.go

@@ -32,13 +32,11 @@ func NewStorage(rootDir string) (*Storage, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Exist(id uint64) (bool, error) {
-	name := s.filename(id)
-	if _, err := os.Stat(name); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+	_, err := os.Stat(s.filename(id))
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		return false, nil
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return false, err
 	}
-	return true, nil
+	return err == nil, err
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Write(id uint64, offset int64, reader io.Reader) error {
@@ -92,9 +90,7 @@ func (s *Storage) OrderBlocks(id uint64, blockIDs []string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Commit(id uint64, size int64) (int64, error) {
-	defer func() {
-		_ = os.RemoveAll(s.tempDir(id))
-	}()
+	defer func() { _ = os.RemoveAll(s.tempDir(id)) }()
 
 	name := s.filename(id)
 	tempNames, err := s.tempNames(id)
@@ -153,8 +149,7 @@ func assemble(name string, tempNames []string) (int64, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *Storage) Serve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id uint64) {
-	name := s.filename(id)
-	http.ServeFile(w, r, name)
+	http.ServeFile(w, r, s.filename(id))
 }
 
 // Remove deletes an entry's blob and any staged parts. It reports failure so the caller can

act/artifacts/server.go

@@ -13,14 +13,13 @@ import (
 	"io/fs"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
-
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 )
 
 type FileContainerResourceURL struct {
@@ -67,39 +66,44 @@ func writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, value any) {
 	}
 }
 
-func uploads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
-	router.POST("/_apis/pipelines/workflows/:runId/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
-		runID := params.ByName("runId")
-
+func uploads(router *http.ServeMux, baseDir string) {
+	router.HandleFunc("POST /_apis/pipelines/workflows/{runId}/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 		writeJSON(w, FileContainerResourceURL{
-			FileContainerResourceURL: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/upload/%s", req.Host, runID),
+			FileContainerResourceURL: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/upload/%s", req.Host, req.PathValue("runId")),
 		})
 	})
 
-	router.PUT("/upload/:runId", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	router.HandleFunc("PUT /upload/{runId}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 		itemPath := req.URL.Query().Get("itemPath")
-		runID := params.ByName("runId")
 
 		if req.Header.Get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip" {
 			itemPath += gzipExtension
 		}
 
-		safeRunPath := safeResolve(baseDir, runID)
-		safePath := safeResolve(safeRunPath, itemPath)
+		safePath := safeResolve(safeResolve(baseDir, req.PathValue("runId")), itemPath)
 
 		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(safePath), os.ModePerm); err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
-		flags := os.O_CREATE | os.O_WRONLY | os.O_TRUNC
-		appendUpload := req.Header.Get("Content-Range")
-		if appendUpload != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(appendUpload, "bytes 0-") {
-			flags = os.O_CREATE | os.O_WRONLY | os.O_APPEND
+		var start int64
+		if contentRange := req.Header.Get("Content-Range"); contentRange != "" {
+			if _, err := fmt.Sscanf(contentRange, "bytes %d-", &start); err != nil || start < 0 {
+				http.Error(w, "invalid content range", http.StatusBadRequest)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		flags := os.O_CREATE | os.O_WRONLY
+		if start == 0 {
+			flags |= os.O_TRUNC
 		}
 		file, err := os.OpenFile(safePath, flags, 0o644)
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
 		defer file.Close()
+		if _, err := file.Seek(start, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
 		if req.Body == nil {
 			panic(errors.New("no body given"))
 		}
@@ -114,21 +118,19 @@ func uploads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
 		})
 	})
 
-	router.PATCH("/_apis/pipelines/workflows/:runId/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
+	router.HandleFunc("PATCH /_apis/pipelines/workflows/{runId}/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _req *http.Request) {
 		writeJSON(w, ResponseMessage{
 			Message: "success",
 		})
 	})
 }
 
-func downloads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
-	router.GET("/_apis/pipelines/workflows/:runId/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
-		runID := params.ByName("runId")
+func downloads(router *http.ServeMux, baseDir string) {
+	router.HandleFunc("GET /_apis/pipelines/workflows/{runId}/artifacts", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+		runID := req.PathValue("runId")
 
-		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, runID)
-
-		entries, err := os.ReadDir(safePath)
-		if err != nil {
+		entries, err := os.ReadDir(safeResolve(baseDir, runID))
+		if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			panic(err)
 		}
 
@@ -146,13 +148,16 @@ func downloads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
 		})
 	})
 
-	router.GET("/download/:container", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
-		container := params.ByName("container")
+	router.HandleFunc("GET /download/{container}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+		container := req.PathValue("container")
 		itemPath := req.URL.Query().Get("itemPath")
 		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, filepath.Join(container, itemPath))
 
 		var files []ContainerItem
 		err := filepath.WalkDir(safePath, func(path string, entry fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 			if !entry.IsDir() {
 				rel, err := filepath.Rel(safePath, path)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -161,20 +166,16 @@ func downloads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
 
 				// if it was upload as gzip
 				rel = strings.TrimSuffix(rel, gzipExtension)
-				path := filepath.Join(itemPath, rel)
-
-				rel = filepath.ToSlash(rel)
-				path = filepath.ToSlash(path)
 
 				files = append(files, ContainerItem{
-					Path:            path,
+					Path:            filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(itemPath, rel)),
 					ItemType:        "file",
-					ContentLocation: fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/artifact/%s/%s/%s", req.Host, container, itemPath, rel),
+					ContentLocation: (&url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: req.Host, Path: "/artifact/" + container + "/" + itemPath + "/" + filepath.ToSlash(rel)}).String(),
 				})
 			}
 			return nil
 		})
-		if err != nil {
+		if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			panic(err)
 		}
 
@@ -183,10 +184,8 @@ func downloads(router *httprouter.Router, baseDir string) {
 		})
 	})
 
-	router.GET("/artifact/*path", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
-		path := params.ByName("path")[1:]
-
-		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, path)
+	router.HandleFunc("GET /artifact/{path...}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+		safePath := safeResolve(baseDir, req.PathValue("path"))
 
 		file, err := os.Open(safePath)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@ func Serve(ctx context.Context, artifactPath, addr, port string) context.CancelF
 		return cancel
 	}
 
-	router := httprouter.New()
+	router := http.NewServeMux()
 
 	logger.Debugf("Artifacts base path '%s'", artifactPath)
 	uploads(router, artifactPath)
@@ -230,7 +229,8 @@ func Serve(ctx context.Context, artifactPath, addr, port string) context.CancelF
 	go func() {
 		logger.Infof("Start server on http://%s", server.Addr)
 		if err := server.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
-			logger.Fatal(err)
+			logger.Error(err)
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 	}()
 

act/artifacts/server_test.go

@@ -19,14 +19,13 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestArtifactFlow(t *testing.T) {
 	artifactPath := t.TempDir()
 
-	router := httprouter.New()
+	router := http.NewServeMux()
 	uploads(router, artifactPath)
 	downloads(router, artifactPath)
 	server := httptest.NewServer(router)
@@ -49,8 +48,17 @@ func TestArtifactFlow(t *testing.T) {
 		return resp.StatusCode, data
 	}
 
+	t.Run("no-artifacts", func(t *testing.T) {
+		status, data := request(t, http.MethodGet, baseURL+"/_apis/pipelines/workflows/0/artifacts", nil, nil)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		var list NamedFileContainerResourceURLResponse
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &list))
+		require.Zero(t, list.Count)
+		require.Empty(t, list.Value)
+	})
+
 	t.Run("upload-and-download", func(t *testing.T) {
-		const runID, item, content = "1", "my-artifact/data.txt", "hello artifact\n"
+		const runID, item, content = "1", "my-artifact/data#1%25.txt", "hello artifact\n"
 
 		status, data := request(t, http.MethodPost, baseURL+"/_apis/pipelines/workflows/"+runID+"/artifacts", nil, nil)
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
@@ -82,13 +90,13 @@ func TestArtifactFlow(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &items))
 		require.Len(t, items.Value, 1)
 		require.Equal(t, "file", items.Value[0].ItemType)
-		require.Equal(t, "my-artifact/data.txt", items.Value[0].Path)
+		require.Equal(t, item, items.Value[0].Path)
 
 		status, data = request(t, http.MethodGet, items.Value[0].ContentLocation, nil, nil)
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status)
 		require.Equal(t, content, string(data))
 
-		stored, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(artifactPath, runID, "my-artifact", "data.txt"))
+		stored, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(artifactPath, runID, filepath.FromSlash(item)))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, content, string(stored))
 	})
@@ -96,16 +104,25 @@ func TestArtifactFlow(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("content-range", func(t *testing.T) {
 		const rawURL = "/upload/4?itemPath=chunks.txt"
 		status, data := request(t, http.MethodPut, baseURL+rawURL, strings.NewReader("first"),
-			http.Header{"Content-Range": []string{"bytes 0-4/11"}})
+			http.Header{"Content-Range": []string{"bytes 0-4/12"}})
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
 
-		status, data = request(t, http.MethodPut, baseURL+rawURL, strings.NewReader("-second"),
-			http.Header{"Content-Range": []string{"bytes 5-11/11"}})
-		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		for range 2 {
+			status, data = request(t, http.MethodPut, baseURL+rawURL, strings.NewReader("-second"),
+				http.Header{"Content-Range": []string{"bytes 5-11/12"}})
+			require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		}
 
 		stored, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(artifactPath, "4", "chunks.txt"))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Equal(t, "first-second", string(stored))
+
+		status, data = request(t, http.MethodPut, baseURL+rawURL, strings.NewReader(""),
+			http.Header{"Content-Range": []string{"bytes 0--1/0"}})
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, status, string(data))
+		stored, err = os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(artifactPath, "4", "chunks.txt"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Empty(t, stored)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("gzip-roundtrip", func(t *testing.T) {

act/common/context_helpers_test.go

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@
 package common
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
 )
 
 func TestDryrunContext(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	if Dryrun(ctx) {
 		t.Fatal("plain context should not be dryrun")
 	}
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func TestDryrunContext(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestJobErrorContainer(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	err := errors.New("job failed")
 
 	SetJobError(ctx, err)
@@ -40,34 +40,27 @@ func TestJobErrorContainer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestLoggerAndHookContext(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	if Logger(ctx) != logrus.StandardLogger() {
-		t.Fatal("plain context should use standard logger")
+func TestLoggerAndHandlerContext(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	if Logger(ctx) != logging.Default() {
+		t.Fatal("plain context should use the default logger")
 	}
-	if LoggerHook(ctx) != nil {
-		t.Fatal("plain context should not have a logger hook")
+	if LoggerHandler(ctx) != nil {
+		t.Fatal("plain context should not have a logger handler")
+	}
+	if StepIDs(ctx) != nil {
+		t.Fatal("plain context should not have step IDs")
 	}
 
-	logger := logrus.New()
+	logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
 	ctx = WithLogger(ctx, logger)
 	if Logger(ctx) != logger {
 		t.Fatal("WithLogger should set logger")
 	}
 
-	hook := testHook{}
-	ctx = WithLoggerHook(ctx, hook)
-	if LoggerHook(ctx) != hook {
-		t.Fatal("WithLoggerHook should set hook")
+	handler := logtest.New()
+	ctx = WithLoggerHandler(ctx, handler)
+	if LoggerHandler(ctx) != handler {
+		t.Fatal("WithLoggerHandler should set handler")
 	}
 }
-
-type testHook struct{}
-
-func (testHook) Levels() []logrus.Level {
-	return logrus.AllLevels
-}
-
-func (testHook) Fire(*logrus.Entry) error {
-	return nil
-}

act/common/dryrun.go

@@ -14,13 +14,8 @@ const dryrunContextKeyVal = dryrunContextKey("dryrun")
 
 // Dryrun returns true if the current context is dryrun
 func Dryrun(ctx context.Context) bool {
-	val := ctx.Value(dryrunContextKeyVal)
-	if val != nil {
-		if dryrun, ok := val.(bool); ok {
-			return dryrun
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	dryrun, _ := ctx.Value(dryrunContextKeyVal).(bool)
+	return dryrun
 }
 
 // WithDryrun adds a value to the context for dryrun

act/common/executor.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"runtime/debug"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 )
 
 // Executor define contract for the steps of a workflow
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ type Conditional func(ctx context.Context) bool
 // NewInfoExecutor is an executor that logs messages
 func NewInfoExecutor(format string, args ...any) Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		logger := Logger(ctx)
-		logger.Infof(format, args...)
+		Logger(ctx).Infof(format, args...)
 		return nil
 	}
 }
@@ -30,8 +29,7 @@ func NewInfoExecutor(format string, args ...any) Executor {
 // NewDebugExecutor is an executor that logs messages
 func NewDebugExecutor(format string, args ...any) Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		logger := Logger(ctx)
-		logger.Debugf(format, args...)
+		Logger(ctx).Debugf(format, args...)
 		return nil
 	}
 }
@@ -39,9 +37,7 @@ func NewDebugExecutor(format string, args ...any) Executor {
 // NewPipelineExecutor creates a new executor from a series of other executors
 func NewPipelineExecutor(executors ...Executor) Executor {
 	if len(executors) == 0 {
-		return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			return nil
-		}
+		return NewErrorExecutor(nil)
 	}
 	var rtn Executor
 	for _, executor := range executors {
@@ -61,6 +57,13 @@ func NewErrorExecutor(err error) Executor {
 	}
 }
 
+func RecoverPanic(err *error) { // defer directly in workers to keep stacks in host logs
+	if recovered := recover(); recovered != nil {
+		logging.Errorf("panic: %v\n%s", recovered, debug.Stack())
+		*err = fmt.Errorf("panic: %v", recovered)
+	}
+}
+
 // NewParallelExecutor creates a new executor from a parallel of other executors
 func NewParallelExecutor(parallel int, executors ...Executor) Executor {
 	if len(executors) == 0 {
@@ -74,34 +77,29 @@ func NewParallelExecutor(parallel int, executors ...Executor) Executor {
 		errs := make(chan error, len(executors))
 
 		if 1 > parallel {
-			log.Debugf("Parallel tasks (%d) below minimum, setting to 1", parallel)
+			logging.Debugf("Parallel tasks (%d) below minimum, setting to 1", parallel)
 			parallel = 1
 		}
 
-		log.Infof("NewParallelExecutor: Creating %d workers for %d executors", parallel, len(executors))
+		logging.Infof("NewParallelExecutor: Creating %d workers for %d executors", parallel, len(executors))
 
-		for i := 0; i < parallel; i++ {
-			go func(workerID int, work <-chan Executor, errs chan<- error) {
-				log.Debugf("Worker %d started", workerID)
+		for workerID := range parallel {
+			go func() {
+				logging.Debugf("Worker %d started", workerID)
 				taskCount := 0
 				for executor := range work {
 					taskCount++
-					log.Debugf("Worker %d executing task %d", workerID, taskCount)
+					logging.Debugf("Worker %d executing task %d", workerID, taskCount)
 					// Recover from panics in executors to avoid crashing the worker
 					// goroutine which would leave the runner process hung.
 					// https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/371
 					errs <- func() (err error) {
-						defer func() {
-							if r := recover(); r != nil {
-								log.Errorf("panic in executor: %v\n%s", r, debug.Stack())
-								err = fmt.Errorf("panic: %v", r)
-							}
-						}()
+						defer RecoverPanic(&err)
 						return executor(ctx)
 					}()
 				}
-				log.Debugf("Worker %d finished (%d tasks executed)", workerID, taskCount)
-			}(i, work, errs)
+				logging.Debugf("Worker %d finished (%d tasks executed)", workerID, taskCount)
+			}()
 		}
 
 		for i := range executors {
@@ -150,12 +148,7 @@ func (e Executor) If(conditional Conditional) Executor {
 
 // IfNot only runs this executor if conditional is true
 func (e Executor) IfNot(conditional Conditional) Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		if !conditional(ctx) {
-			return e(ctx)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
+	return e.If(func(ctx context.Context) bool { return !conditional(ctx) })
 }
 
 // IfBool only runs this executor if conditional is true
@@ -171,7 +164,10 @@ func (e Executor) Finally(finally Executor) Executor {
 		err := e(ctx)
 		err2 := finally(ctx)
 		if err2 != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error occurred running finally: %v (original error: %v)", err2, err)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error occurred running finally: %w (original error: %w)", err2, err)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("error occurred running finally: %w (original error: %v)", err2, err)
 		}
 		return err
 	}

act/common/executor_test.go

@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ package common
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
+	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
@@ -18,42 +17,25 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestNewWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := assert.New(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	require.NoError(t, NewPipelineExecutor()(ctx))
+	require.EqualError(t, NewErrorExecutor(errors.New("test error"))(ctx), "test error")
 
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	// empty
-	emptyWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor()
-	assert.NoError(emptyWorkflow(ctx)) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-
-	// error case
-	errorWorkflow := NewErrorExecutor(errors.New("test error"))
-	assert.Error(errorWorkflow(ctx)) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-
-	// multiple success case
 	runcount := 0
-	successWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(
-		func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			runcount++
-			return nil
-		},
-		func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			runcount++
-			return nil
-		})
-	assert.NoError(successWorkflow(ctx)) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	assert.Equal(2, runcount)
+	increment := func(_ctx context.Context) error {
+		runcount++
+		return nil
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, NewPipelineExecutor(increment, increment)(ctx))
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, runcount)
 }
 
-// concurrencyProbe returns an executor recording the peak number of concurrent copies. Copies
-// block until wantActive are in flight so the peak is exact without sleeping, and later copies
-// find the gate already open so the last one still finishes with no partner left.
 func concurrencyProbe(wantActive int32) (exec Executor, count, maxActive *atomic.Int32) {
 	var counted, active, peak atomic.Int32
 	var once sync.Once
 	reached := make(chan struct{})
 
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return func(_ctx context.Context) error {
 		counted.Add(1)
 		running := active.Add(1)
 		for {
@@ -72,93 +54,72 @@ func concurrencyProbe(wantActive int32) (exec Executor, count, maxActive *atomic
 }
 
 func TestNewParallelExecutor(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	exec, count, maxActive := concurrencyProbe(2)
-	require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(2, exec, exec, exec)(ctx))
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(3), count.Load(), "should run all 3 executors")
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(2), maxActive.Load(), "should run at most 2 executors in parallel")
-
-	// parallelism below 1 falls back to a single worker
-	exec, count, maxActive = concurrencyProbe(1)
-	require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(0, exec, exec, exec)(ctx))
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(3), count.Load(), "should run all 3 executors")
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), maxActive.Load(), "should run at most 1 executor in parallel")
+	for name, parallel := range map[string]int{"parallel": 2, "below minimum": 0} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			exec, count, maxActive := concurrencyProbe(int32(max(1, parallel)))
+			require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(parallel, exec, exec, exec)(t.Context()))
+			assert.Equal(t, int32(3), count.Load())
+			assert.Equal(t, int32(max(1, parallel)), maxActive.Load())
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func TestNewParallelExecutorEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	assert := assert.New(t)
 
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	require.NoError(t, NewParallelExecutor(2)(ctx))
 
-	canceledCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	canceledCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	cancel()
 
 	err := NewParallelExecutor(2)(canceledCtx)
 	assert.ErrorIs(err, context.Canceled)
 }
 
-func TestNewParallelExecutorFailed(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := assert.New(t)
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	cancel()
-
-	count := 0
-	errorWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		count++
-		return errors.New("fake error")
-	})
-	err := NewParallelExecutor(1, errorWorkflow)(ctx)
-	assert.Equal(1, count)
-	assert.ErrorIs(context.Canceled, err)
-}
-
-func TestNewParallelExecutorCanceled(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := assert.New(t)
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	cancel()
-
-	errExpected := errors.New("fake error")
-
-	var count atomic.Int32
-	successWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		count.Add(1)
-		return nil
-	})
-	errorWorkflow := NewPipelineExecutor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		count.Add(1)
-		return errExpected
-	})
-	err := NewParallelExecutor(3, errorWorkflow, successWorkflow, successWorkflow)(ctx)
-	assert.Equal(int32(3), count.Load())
-	assert.Error(errExpected, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-}
-
-func TestNewParallelExecutorRunsRemainingAfterFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	var successCount atomic.Int32
-	executors := make([]Executor, 5)
-	for i := range executors {
-		executors[i] = func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			if i == 2 {
-				return errors.New("fake error")
+func TestNewParallelExecutorRunsAllTasksAfterFailureOrCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, tc := range map[string]struct {
+		canceled        bool
+		parallel, tasks int
+	}{
+		"failure":              {false, 2, 5},
+		"canceled":             {true, 2, 5},
+		"canceled single task": {true, 1, 1},
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+			defer cancel()
+			if tc.canceled {
+				cancel()
+			}
+			var calls atomic.Int32
+			executors := make([]Executor, tc.tasks)
+			for i := range executors {
+				executors[i] = func(_ctx context.Context) error {
+					calls.Add(1)
+					if i == tc.tasks/2 {
+						return errors.New("fake error")
+					}
+					return nil
+				}
 			}
-			successCount.Add(1)
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
 
-	require.Error(t, NewParallelExecutor(2, executors...)(context.Background()))
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(4), successCount.Load(), "a failing executor must not stop the others")
+			err := NewParallelExecutor(tc.parallel, executors...)(ctx)
+			if tc.canceled {
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+			} else {
+				require.EqualError(t, err, "fake error")
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, int32(tc.tasks), calls.Load())
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func TestExecutorConditionalsAndFinally(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	var calls []string
 	record := func(name string) Executor {
-		return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return func(_ctx context.Context) error {
 			calls = append(calls, name)
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -170,19 +131,17 @@ func TestExecutorConditionalsAndFinally(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, record("if-bool").IfBool(true)(ctx))
 	require.NoError(t, record("main").Finally(record("finally"))(ctx))
 
-	want := []string{"if-true", "if-not", "if-bool", "main", "finally"}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(calls, want) {
-		t.Fatalf("calls = %v, want %v", calls, want)
-	}
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"if-true", "if-not", "if-bool", "main", "finally"}, calls)
 }
 
 func TestExecutorFinallyReturnsFinallyErrorWithOriginal(t *testing.T) {
-	mainErr := errors.New("main failed")
 	finalErr := errors.New("cleanup failed")
-
-	err := NewErrorExecutor(mainErr).Finally(NewErrorExecutor(finalErr))(context.Background())
-	require.Error(t, err)
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "cleanup failed") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "main failed") {
-		t.Fatalf("finally error = %q, want both cleanup and original error", err)
+	for _, mainErr := range []error{context.Canceled, nil} {
+		err := NewErrorExecutor(mainErr).Finally(NewErrorExecutor(finalErr))(t.Context())
+		require.EqualError(t, err, fmt.Sprintf("error occurred running finally: cleanup failed (original error: %v)", mainErr))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, finalErr)
+		if mainErr != nil {
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, mainErr)
+		}
 	}
 }

act/common/git/fetch_action.go

@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"math/rand/v2"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+)
+
+var actionFetches sync.Map
+
+const treeSizes = ".sizes" // beside the tree rather than in it, which is copied into job containers as it is
+
+type treeFile struct {
+	Name []byte // not a string, which JSON would turn into UTF-8, as git allows any bytes but NUL
+	Size int64
+}
+
+type actionFetch struct {
+	done     chan struct{}
+	dir, sha string
+	err      error
+	retry    bool // the leader was cancelled or panicked, so followers fetch themselves
+}
+
+var archiveRetryDelay = func(retryAfter string) time.Duration { // as actions/runner backs off
+	if seconds, err := strconv.Atoi(retryAfter); err == nil {
+		return min(max(time.Duration(seconds)*time.Second, 10*time.Second), 10*time.Minute)
+	}
+	return time.Duration(10+rand.IntN(21)) * time.Second
+}
+
+func FetchAction(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) (string, string, error) { // input.Dir is one clone URL and ref's, holding a directory per commit
+	if !reflect.ValueOf(input).Comparable() {
+		return fetchAction(ctx, input)
+	}
+	for ctx.Err() == nil {
+		call := &actionFetch{done: make(chan struct{}), retry: true}
+		previous, loaded := actionFetches.LoadOrStore(input, call)
+		if !loaded {
+			func() {
+				defer func() { actionFetches.Delete(input); close(call.done) }()
+				call.dir, call.sha, call.err = fetchAction(ctx, input)
+				call.retry = ctx.Err() != nil
+			}()
+			if call.retry {
+				continue
+			}
+			return call.dir, call.sha, call.err
+		}
+		call, _ = previous.(*actionFetch)
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		case <-call.done:
+			if !call.retry && ctx.Err() == nil {
+				return call.dir, call.sha, call.err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "", "", ctx.Err()
+}
+
+func fetchAction(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) (string, string, error) {
+	unlock, err := AcquireCloneLock(ctx, input.Dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	defer unlock()
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(input.Dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+
+	tree := func(sha string) string { return filepath.Join(input.Dir, sha) }
+	record := filepath.Join(input.Dir, "ref")
+	data, _ := os.ReadFile(record)
+	sha, etag, _ := strings.Cut(string(data), "\n")
+	switch {
+	case !isFullObjectID(sha):
+		sha, etag = "", ""
+	case input.OfflineMode && exists(tree(sha)) && !exists(tree(sha)+treeSizes):
+		return tree(sha), sha, nil // from an older runner, with no sizes to check, so offline mode uses it as before
+	case !treeIntact(input.Dir, sha):
+		sha, etag = "", ""
+	case input.OfflineMode || isFullObjectID(input.Ref):
+		return tree(sha), sha, nil
+	}
+
+	newSha, newEtag, err := downloadArchive(ctx, input, sha, etag)
+	if err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+		common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Cloning %s@%s: %v", input.URL, input.Ref, err)
+		newEtag = ""
+		newSha, err = exportClone(ctx, input)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	if newSha != sha || newEtag != etag {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(record, []byte(newSha+"\n"+newEtag), 0o600); err != nil {
+			return "", "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return tree(newSha), newSha, nil
+}
+
+func downloadArchive(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, sha, etag string) (string, string, error) {
+	rewritten, err := gitOutput(ctx, "", "ls-remote", "--get-url", input.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	source, err := url.Parse(rewritten)
+	if err != nil || source.Scheme != "http" && source.Scheme != "https" || hexRefRegex.MatchString(input.Ref) && !isFullObjectID(input.Ref) { // only git tells a short commit from a branch
+		return "", "", errors.New("no archive")
+	}
+	archive := source.JoinPath("archive", input.Ref+".tar.gz")
+	if source.Host == "github.com" {
+		source.Host = "codeload.github.com"
+		archive = source.JoinPath("tar.gz", input.Ref)
+	}
+	client := &http.Client{Transport: input.Transport, Timeout: 5 * time.Minute, CheckRedirect: func(request *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+		if len(via) >= 10 {
+			return errors.New("stopped after 10 redirects")
+		}
+		if request.URL.Host != via[0].URL.Host || request.URL.Scheme != via[0].URL.Scheme { // the token stays on its origin
+			request.Header.Del("Authorization")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}}
+	for attempt := 1; ; attempt++ {
+		newSha, newEtag, retryAfter, err := downloadArchiveOnce(ctx, client, archive.String(), input.Token, sha, etag, input.Dir)
+		if retryAfter == 0 || attempt == 3 || ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return newSha, newEtag, err
+		}
+		common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Failed to download action '%s'. Error: %v. Back off %s before retry.", archive.Redacted(), err, retryAfter)
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return "", "", ctx.Err()
+		case <-time.After(retryAfter):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func downloadArchiveOnce(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, archive, token, sha, etag, dir string) (string, string, time.Duration, error) {
+	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, archive, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", 0, err
+	}
+	if etag != "" {
+		request.Header.Set("If-None-Match", etag)
+	}
+	if token != "" {
+		request.SetBasicAuth("token", token)
+	}
+	response, err := client.Do(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		var opErr *net.OpError
+		if errors.As(err, &opErr) && opErr.Op == "dial" {
+			return "", "", 0, err
+		}
+		return "", "", archiveRetryDelay(""), err
+	}
+	defer response.Body.Close()
+	switch status := response.StatusCode; {
+	case status == http.StatusNotModified && sha != "":
+		return sha, etag, 0, nil
+	case status == http.StatusOK:
+		newEtag := response.Header.Get("ETag")
+		gz, err := gzip.NewReader(response.Body)
+		if err == nil {
+			sha, err = extractTree(ctx, gz, dir, !strings.HasSuffix(newEtag, `-false"`)) // Gitea's mark of an unprefixed archive
+		}
+		var netErr net.Error
+		if errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) || errors.As(err, &netErr) {
+			return "", "", archiveRetryDelay(""), err
+		}
+		return sha, newEtag, 0, err
+	case status == http.StatusRequestTimeout || status == http.StatusTooManyRequests || status >= http.StatusInternalServerError:
+		return "", "", archiveRetryDelay(response.Header.Get("Retry-After")), errors.New(response.Status)
+	default:
+		return "", "", 0, errors.New(response.Status)
+	}
+}
+
+func exportClone(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) (string, error) {
+	clone := input
+	clone.Dir = filepath.Join(input.Dir, "git")
+	sha, _, err := resolveClone(ctx, clone)
+	if err != nil || treeIntact(input.Dir, sha) {
+		return sha, err
+	}
+	archive, err := runGit(ctx, clone.Dir, nil, "archive", "--format=tar", sha)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	_, err = extractTree(ctx, bytes.NewReader(archive), input.Dir, false)
+	return sha, err
+}
+
+func extractTree(ctx context.Context, archive io.Reader, dir string, strip bool) (string, error) { // into dir/<commit of the pax header>, strip dropping the directory wrapping the files
+	temp, err := os.MkdirTemp(dir, "tmp-")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(temp)
+	root, err := os.OpenRoot(temp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer root.Close()
+
+	sha := ""
+	sizes := map[string]int64{}
+	reader := tar.NewReader(archive)
+	for {
+		header, err := reader.Next()
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			break
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if header.Typeflag == tar.TypeXGlobalHeader {
+			if sha = header.PAXRecords["comment"]; isFullObjectID(sha) && treeIntact(dir, sha) {
+				return sha, nil
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		name := header.Name
+		if strip {
+			_, name, _ = strings.Cut(name, "/")
+		}
+		if name = strings.TrimSuffix(name, "/"); name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch header.Typeflag {
+		case tar.TypeDir:
+			err = root.MkdirAll(name, 0o755)
+		case tar.TypeReg:
+			sizes[name], err = writeTreeFile(root, name, header.Mode, reader)
+		case tar.TypeSymlink:
+			if err = root.Symlink(header.Linkname, name); err != nil && runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+				sizes[name], err = writeTreeFile(root, name, 0, strings.NewReader(header.Linkname))
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	if !isFullObjectID(sha) {
+		return "", errors.New("the archive names no commit")
+	}
+	if err := root.Close(); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return sha, installTree(ctx, dir, sha, temp, sizes)
+}
+
+var lockTree = AcquireCloneLock // replaced in tests to see installTree wait for a job holding the tree
+
+// installTree moves temp into place as dir/sha, replacing a tree that failed treeIntact.
+func installTree(ctx context.Context, dir, sha, temp string, sizes map[string]int64) error {
+	files := make([]treeFile, 0, len(sizes))
+	for name, size := range sizes {
+		files = append(files, treeFile{[]byte(name), size})
+	}
+	data, err := json.Marshal(files)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Written before the swap: it describes the commit, not a copy of it, so it holds for whichever tree is left.
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, sha+treeSizes), data, 0o600); err != nil { // a torn record fails treeIntact, so it needs no rename
+		return err
+	}
+	tree := filepath.Join(dir, sha)
+	if !exists(tree) {
+		return os.Rename(temp, tree)
+	}
+	stale, err := os.MkdirTemp(dir, "tmp-")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(stale)          // after the unlock, as no job reads the old tree once it is moved
+	unlock, err := lockTree(ctx, tree) // jobs copying the old tree hold it
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer unlock()
+	if err := os.Rename(tree, filepath.Join(stale, sha)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.Rename(temp, tree)
+}
+
+// treeIntact reports whether dir/sha still holds each file extracted into it at the size it was written.
+// Only sizes are compared, not content: a stat per file is cheap enough for every job, hashing is not.
+func treeIntact(dir, sha string) bool {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, sha+treeSizes))
+	if err != nil || !exists(filepath.Join(dir, sha)) {
+		return false
+	}
+	var files []treeFile
+	if json.Unmarshal(data, &files) != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, file := range files {
+		info, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(dir, sha, filepath.FromSlash(string(file.Name))))
+		if err != nil || !info.Mode().IsRegular() || info.Size() != file.Size {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func writeTreeFile(root *os.Root, name string, mode int64, content io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	perm := os.FileMode(0o644)
+	if mode&0o111 != 0 {
+		perm = 0o755
+	}
+	file, err := root.OpenFile(name, os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL|os.O_WRONLY, perm)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n, err := io.Copy(file, content)
+	return n, errors.Join(err, file.Close())
+}
+
+func exists(name string) bool {
+	_, err := os.Stat(name)
+	return err == nil
+}

act/common/git/fetch_action_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/cgi"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestFetchAction(t *testing.T) {
+	original := archiveRetryDelay
+	archiveRetryDelay = func(_retryAfter string) time.Duration { return time.Nanosecond }
+	t.Cleanup(func() { archiveRetryDelay = original })
+
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	remote := filepath.Join(root, "org", "action")
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--initial-branch=main", remote))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(remote, "action.yml"), []byte("name: action\n"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(remote, "run.sh"), []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink("action.yml", filepath.Join(remote, "link")))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", remote, "add", "."))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", remote, "commit", "-m", "initial"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", remote, "tag", "v1"))
+	expectedSha := gitRevParse(t, remote, "main")
+
+	gitPath, err := exec.LookPath("git")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	backend := &cgi.Handler{Path: gitPath, Args: []string{"http-backend"}, Env: []string{"GIT_PROJECT_ROOT=" + root, "GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL=1"}}
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var archiveRequests []http.Header
+	var mirror *httptest.Server
+	archiveCache := map[string][]byte{}
+	requests, archives, failures := 0, "", 0
+	handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		requests++
+		ref, ok := strings.CutPrefix(request.URL.Path, "/org/action/archive/")
+		if !ok {
+			backend.ServeHTTP(writer, request)
+			return
+		}
+		archiveRequests = append(archiveRequests, request.Header.Clone())
+		switch {
+		case failures > 0:
+			failures--
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+			return
+		case archives == "none":
+			http.NotFound(writer, request)
+			return
+		case archives == "unreachable":
+			http.Redirect(writer, request, "http://127.0.0.1:1"+request.URL.Path, http.StatusFound)
+			return
+		case archives == "redirect" && request.Host != mirror.Listener.Addr().String():
+			http.Redirect(writer, request, mirror.URL+request.URL.Path, http.StatusFound)
+			return
+		}
+		sha, _ := gitOutput(request.Context(), remote, "rev-parse", strings.TrimSuffix(ref, ".tar.gz"))
+		etag := fmt.Sprintf(`W/"%s-tar.gz-%t"`, sha, archives != "unprefixed")
+		if request.Header.Get("If-None-Match") == etag {
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotModified)
+			return
+		}
+		args := []string{"archive", "--format=tar.gz", sha}
+		if archives != "unprefixed" {
+			args = append(args, "--prefix=action/")
+		}
+		archiveKey := strings.Join(args, "\x00")
+		archive, ok := archiveCache[archiveKey]
+		if !ok {
+			archive, _ = runGit(request.Context(), remote, nil, args...)
+			archiveCache[archiveKey] = archive
+		}
+		writer.Header().Set("ETag", etag)
+		_, _ = writer.Write(archive)
+	})
+	server := httptest.NewServer(handler)
+	mirror = httptest.NewServer(handler)
+	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
+	t.Cleanup(mirror.Close)
+	serve := func(mode string, failing int) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		requests, archives, failures, archiveRequests = 0, mode, failing, nil
+	}
+	served := func() (int, []http.Header) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		return requests, append([]http.Header(nil), archiveRequests...)
+	}
+	newInput := func(ref string) NewGitCloneExecutorInput {
+		return NewGitCloneExecutorInput{URL: server.URL + "/org/action", Ref: ref, Dir: t.TempDir(), Token: "secret"}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("shares identical fetches and isolates cancellation, panics and differing inputs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, scenario := range []string{"shared", "leader cancelled", "leader panics", "different token"} {
+			t.Run(scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+				serve("prefixed", 0)
+				input := newInput("main")
+				started, release := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+				releaseFetches := sync.OnceFunc(func() { close(release) })
+				t.Cleanup(releaseFetches)
+				var once sync.Once
+				var panicked atomic.Bool
+				transport := actionFetchTransport(func(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+					once.Do(func() { close(started) })
+					select {
+					case <-request.Context().Done():
+						return nil, request.Context().Err()
+					case <-release:
+					}
+					if scenario == "leader panics" && panicked.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+						panic("broken archive")
+					}
+					return http.DefaultTransport.RoundTrip(request)
+				})
+				input.Transport = &transport
+				leaderCtx, cancelLeader := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+				defer cancelLeader()
+				waiting := &actionFetchContext{Context: t.Context(), waiting: make(chan struct{})}
+				followerInput := input
+				expectedRequests := 1
+				if scenario == "different token" {
+					followerInput.Token, expectedRequests = "other", 2
+				}
+				leaderDone, followerDone := make(chan error, 1), make(chan error, 1)
+				fetch := func(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, done chan<- error) {
+					var err error
+					defer func() { done <- err }()
+					defer common.RecoverPanic(&err)
+					var tree, sha string
+					if tree, sha, err = FetchAction(ctx, input); err == nil {
+						assert.Equal(t, expectedSha, sha)
+						assert.Equal(t, filepath.Join(input.Dir, sha), tree)
+					}
+				}
+				go fetch(leaderCtx, input, leaderDone)
+				<-started
+				go fetch(waiting, followerInput, followerDone)
+				<-waiting.waiting
+				if scenario == "leader cancelled" {
+					cancelLeader()
+					require.ErrorIs(t, <-leaderDone, context.Canceled)
+				}
+				releaseFetches()
+				switch scenario {
+				case "leader cancelled":
+				case "leader panics":
+					require.ErrorContains(t, <-leaderDone, "panic: broken archive")
+				default:
+					require.NoError(t, <-leaderDone)
+				}
+				require.NoError(t, <-followerDone)
+				_, headers := served()
+				assert.Len(t, headers, expectedRequests)
+				if scenario == "different token" {
+					assert.NotEqual(t, headers[0].Get("Authorization"), headers[1].Get("Authorization"))
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("downloads, revalidates and follows a moved tag", func(t *testing.T) {
+		serve("prefixed", 0)
+		input := newInput("v1")
+		tree, sha, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedSha, sha)
+		assert.Equal(t, filepath.Join(input.Dir, sha), tree)
+		assert.NoDirExists(t, filepath.Join(tree, ".git"))
+		info, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(tree, "run.sh"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, os.FileMode(0o755), info.Mode().Perm())
+		link, err := os.Readlink(filepath.Join(tree, "link"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "action.yml", link)
+
+		again, _, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, tree, again)
+
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", remote, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "moved"))
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", remote, "tag", "--force", "v1"))
+		expectedSha = gitRevParse(t, remote, "v1")
+		moved, movedSha, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedSha, movedSha)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, tree, moved)
+		assert.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(tree, "action.yml"))
+
+		input.OfflineMode = true
+		_, offlineSha, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, movedSha, offlineSha)
+		require.NoError(t, os.Truncate(filepath.Join(moved, "action.yml"), 4)) // fetched again, offline or not
+		_, _, err = FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, os.Remove(moved+treeSizes)) // from an older runner, used as it is offline
+		reused, _, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, moved, reused)
+
+		requests, headers := served()
+		assert.Equal(t, 4, requests)
+		require.Len(t, headers, 4)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Basic "+base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("token:secret")), headers[0].Get("Authorization"))
+		assert.Empty(t, headers[0].Get("If-None-Match"))
+		assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf(`W/"%s-tar.gz-true"`, sha), headers[1].Get("If-None-Match"))
+		assert.Equal(t, headers[1].Get("If-None-Match"), headers[2].Get("If-None-Match"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("downloads a pinned commit once and rejects a short one", func(t *testing.T) {
+		serve("prefixed", 0)
+		sha := expectedSha
+		input := newInput(sha)
+		for range 2 {
+			tree, got, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, sha, got)
+			assert.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(tree, "action.yml"))
+		}
+		_, _, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), newInput(sha[:7]))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrShortRef)
+		_, headers := served()
+		assert.Len(t, headers, 1)
+		assert.NoDirExists(t, filepath.Join(input.Dir, "git"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("downloads again over a tree whose files changed size or that has no record, not under a job copying it", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sha := gitRevParse(t, remote, "main")
+		for _, mode := range []string{"prefixed", "none"} {
+			serve(mode, 0)
+			input := newInput(sha)
+			tree, _, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+			require.NoError(t, err, mode)
+			yml := filepath.Join(tree, "action.yml")
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tree, "trampoline.js"), nil, 0o644)) // the runner's own, no damage
+			_, _, err = FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+			require.NoError(t, err, mode)
+			for _, damage := range []func() error{
+				func() error { return os.Truncate(yml, 4) },
+				func() error { return os.Remove(tree + treeSizes) },
+			} {
+				require.NoError(t, damage(), mode)
+				_, _, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+				require.NoError(t, err, mode)
+				body, err := os.ReadFile(yml)
+				require.NoError(t, err, mode)
+				assert.Equal(t, "name: action\n", string(body), mode)
+			}
+			_, headers := served()
+			assert.Len(t, headers, 3, mode)
+		}
+
+		serve("prefixed", 0)
+		input := newInput(sha)
+		tree, _, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		yml := filepath.Join(tree, "action.yml")
+		require.NoError(t, os.Truncate(yml, 4))
+		unlock, err := AcquireCloneLock(t.Context(), tree)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		release := sync.OnceFunc(unlock)
+		defer release()
+		waiting := make(chan struct{})
+		lockTree = func(ctx context.Context, dir string) (func(), error) {
+			close(waiting)
+			return AcquireCloneLock(ctx, dir)
+		}
+		t.Cleanup(func() { lockTree = AcquireCloneLock })
+		done := make(chan error, 1)
+		go func() {
+			_, _, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+			done <- err
+		}()
+		select {
+		case err := <-done:
+			t.Fatalf("FetchAction replaced the tree without waiting for the job holding it: %v", err)
+		case <-waiting:
+		}
+		info, err := os.Stat(yml)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(4), info.Size(), "the tree a job holds is left alone")
+		release()
+		require.NoError(t, <-done)
+		body, err := os.ReadFile(yml)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "name: action\n", string(body))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("retries a failing download and drops the token on a redirect to another origin", func(t *testing.T) {
+		serve("redirect", 2)
+		input := newInput("main")
+		_, sha, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedSha, sha)
+		assert.NoDirExists(t, filepath.Join(input.Dir, "git"))
+		_, headers := served()
+		require.Len(t, headers, 4)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, headers[2].Get("Authorization"))
+		assert.Empty(t, headers[3].Get("Authorization"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("keeps an unprefixed archive whole, downloads where insteadOf points and exports a clone without an archive or from an unreachable host", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, mode := range []string{"unprefixed", "none", "unreachable"} {
+			serve(mode, 0)
+			tree, sha, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), newInput("main"))
+			require.NoError(t, err, mode)
+			assert.Equal(t, expectedSha, sha, mode)
+			assert.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(tree, "action.yml"), mode)
+			assert.NoDirExists(t, filepath.Join(tree, ".git"), mode)
+			_, headers := served()
+			assert.Len(t, headers, 1, mode)
+		}
+
+		serve("prefixed", 0)
+		config := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "gitconfig")
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(config, []byte("[url \""+server.URL+"/org/\"]\n\tinsteadOf = https://example.invalid/org/\n"), 0o644))
+		t.Setenv("GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL", config)
+		input := newInput("main")
+		input.URL = "https://example.invalid/org/action"
+		_, sha, err := FetchAction(t.Context(), input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedSha, sha)
+		_, headers := served()
+		assert.Len(t, headers, 1)
+		assert.NoDirExists(t, filepath.Join(input.Dir, "git"))
+	})
+}
+
+type actionFetchTransport func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (transport actionFetchTransport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return transport(request)
+}
+
+type actionFetchContext struct {
+	context.Context
+	waiting chan struct{}
+	once    sync.Once
+}
+
+func (ctx *actionFetchContext) Done() <-chan struct{} {
+	ctx.once.Do(func() { close(ctx.waiting) })
+	return ctx.Context.Done()
+}
+
+func TestExtractTreeConfinesEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	outside := t.TempDir()
+	for name, entries := range map[string][]*tar.Header{
+		"parent path":       {{Name: "../escape", Typeflag: tar.TypeReg}},
+		"through a symlink": {{Name: "out", Typeflag: tar.TypeSymlink, Linkname: outside}, {Name: "out/escape", Typeflag: tar.TypeReg}},
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var archive bytes.Buffer
+			writer := tar.NewWriter(&archive)
+			require.NoError(t, writer.WriteHeader(&tar.Header{Typeflag: tar.TypeXGlobalHeader, PAXRecords: map[string]string{"comment": strings.Repeat("a", 40)}}))
+			for _, entry := range entries {
+				require.NoError(t, writer.WriteHeader(entry))
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, writer.Close())
+
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			_, err := extractTree(t.Context(), &archive, dir, false)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.NoFileExists(t, filepath.Join(dir, "escape"))
+			assert.NoFileExists(t, filepath.Join(outside, "escape"))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTreeIntactFindsNamesThatAreNotUTF8(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		t.Skip("macOS and Windows store no name that is not UTF-8")
+	}
+	sha := strings.Repeat("a", 40)
+	var archive bytes.Buffer
+	writer := tar.NewWriter(&archive)
+	require.NoError(t, writer.WriteHeader(&tar.Header{Typeflag: tar.TypeXGlobalHeader, PAXRecords: map[string]string{"comment": sha}}))
+	require.NoError(t, writer.WriteHeader(&tar.Header{Name: "caf\xe9.js", Typeflag: tar.TypeReg, Mode: 0o644, Size: 1, Format: tar.FormatGNU}))
+	_, err := writer.Write([]byte("x"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, writer.Close())
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	_, err = extractTree(t.Context(), &archive, dir, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(dir, sha, "caf\xe9.js"))
+	assert.True(t, treeIntact(dir, sha))
+}

act/common/git/git.go

@@ -10,8 +10,12 @@ import (
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
@@ -21,16 +25,13 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/lock"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 var (
 	codeCommitHTTPRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^https?://git-codecommit\.(.+)\.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/(.+)$`)
 	codeCommitSSHRegex  = regexp.MustCompile(`ssh://git-codecommit\.(.+)\.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/(.+)$`)
-	githubHTTPRegex     = regexp.MustCompile(`^https?://.*github.com.*/(.+)/(.+?)(?:.git)?$`)
-	githubSSHRegex      = regexp.MustCompile(`github.com[:/](.+)/(.+?)(?:.git)?$`)
 	hexRefRegex         = regexp.MustCompile(`^[0-9a-fA-F]+$`)
 
 	LocalEnvVars = []string{ // `git rev-parse --local-env-vars`, inherited ones point git at another repository
@@ -44,12 +45,29 @@ var (
 	ErrShortRef = errors.New("short SHA references are not supported")
 )
 
-// AcquireCloneLock returns an unlock function after locking the per-directory mutex for dir.
-// Only concurrent operations targeting the same directory are serialized; clones into different directories run in parallel.
-// Callers reading files inside dir (e.g. tarring a checked-out action into a job container) must hold this lock too,
-// otherwise a concurrent NewGitCloneExecutor on the same dir can mutate the worktree mid-read.
-func AcquireCloneLock(dir string) func() {
-	return cloneLocks.Lock(dir)
+// AcquireCloneLock serializes access to dir across runner processes, or within this one where no lock file can be created. Readers of dir must hold it too.
+func AcquireCloneLock(ctx context.Context, dir string) (func(), error) {
+	dir = filepath.Clean(dir)
+	if runtime.GOOS == "plan9" {
+		return cloneLocks.Lock(dir), nil
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(dir), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for {
+		release, err := lock.TryLock(dir)
+		if err == nil {
+			return func() { _ = release() }, nil
+		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, lock.ErrLocked) {
+			return cloneLocks.Lock(dir), nil
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 type Error struct {
@@ -62,25 +80,25 @@ func (e *Error) Unwrap() error  { return e.err }
 func (e *Error) Commit() string { return e.commit }
 
 // FindGitRevision get the current git revision
-func FindGitRevision(ctx context.Context, file string) (shortSHA, sha string, err error) {
+func FindGitRevision(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	sha, err = gitOutput(ctx, file, "rev-parse", "--verify", "HEAD^{commit}")
+	sha, err := gitOutput(ctx, file, "rev-parse", "--verify", "HEAD^{commit}")
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.WithError(err).Error("path", file, "not located inside a git repository")
-		return "", "", err
+		return "", err
 	}
 	if len(sha) < 7 {
-		return "", "", errors.New("HEAD could not be resolved")
+		return "", errors.New("HEAD could not be resolved")
 	}
 	logger.Debugf("Found revision: %s", sha)
-	return sha[:7], sha, nil
+	return sha, nil
 }
 
 // FindGitRef get the current git ref
 func FindGitRef(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 	logger.Debugf("Loading revision from git directory")
-	_, revision, err := FindGitRevision(ctx, file)
+	revision, err := FindGitRevision(ctx, file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -109,13 +127,12 @@ func FindGitRef(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
 }
 
 // FindGithubRepo get the repo
-func FindGithubRepo(ctx context.Context, file, githubInstance string) (string, error) {
+func FindGithubRepo(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
 	url, err := findGitRemoteURL(ctx, file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	_, slug := findGitSlug(url, githubInstance)
-	return slug, nil
+	return findGitSlug(url)
 }
 
 func findGitRemoteURL(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
@@ -130,25 +147,25 @@ func findGitRemoteURL(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
 	return url, nil
 }
 
-func findGitSlug(url, githubInstance string) (string, string) {
-	if matches := codeCommitHTTPRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
-		return "CodeCommit", matches[2]
-	} else if matches := codeCommitSSHRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
-		return "CodeCommit", matches[2]
-	} else if matches := githubHTTPRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
-		return "GitHub", fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", matches[1], matches[2])
-	} else if matches := githubSSHRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
-		return "GitHub", fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", matches[1], matches[2])
-	} else if githubInstance != "github.com" {
-		gheHTTPRegex := regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf(`^https?://%s/(.+)/(.+?)(?:.git)?$`, githubInstance))
-		gheSSHRegex := regexp.MustCompile(githubInstance + "[:/](.+)/(.+?)(?:.git)?$")
-		if matches := gheHTTPRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
-			return "GitHubEnterprise", fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", matches[1], matches[2])
-		} else if matches := gheSSHRegex.FindStringSubmatch(url); matches != nil {
-			return "GitHubEnterprise", fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", matches[1], matches[2])
-		}
+func findGitSlug(remoteURL string) (string, error) {
+	if matches := codeCommitHTTPRegex.FindStringSubmatch(remoteURL); matches != nil {
+		return matches[2], nil
+	} else if matches := codeCommitSSHRegex.FindStringSubmatch(remoteURL); matches != nil {
+		return matches[2], nil
 	}
-	return "", url
+	if host, repoPath, ok := strings.Cut(remoteURL, ":"); ok && filepath.VolumeName(remoteURL) == "" && !strings.Contains(host, "/") && !strings.HasPrefix(repoPath, "//") {
+		remoteURL = "ssh://" + host + "/" + repoPath // scp-like [user@]host:path
+	}
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(remoteURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", errors.New("cannot parse the origin remote URL")
+	}
+	owner, repo := path.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(strings.Trim(parsed.Path, "/"), ".git"))
+	owner = path.Base(owner)
+	if parsed.Host == "" || repo == "" || owner == "." || owner == "/" {
+		return "", errors.New("cannot determine owner and repository from the origin remote URL")
+	}
+	return owner + "/" + repo, nil
 }
 
 // NewGitCloneExecutorInput the input for the NewGitCloneExecutor
@@ -163,17 +180,14 @@ type NewGitCloneExecutorInput struct {
 	// 0 for full clone.
 	Depth int
 
-	// Quiet drops the informational clone line to debug level, for callers that log their own
-	// download summary (the setup section's action report).
-	Quiet bool
-
 	// For Gitea
 	InsecureSkipTLS               bool
-	ClientCertFile, ClientKeyFile string // PEM, absolute as git runs in other directories
+	ClientCertFile, ClientKeyFile string            // PEM, absolute as git runs in other directories
+	Transport                     http.RoundTripper // for FetchAction's archive downloads, nil for http.DefaultTransport
 }
 
 // CloneIfRequired reports whether an existing local clone was reused.
-func CloneIfRequired(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, logger log.FieldLogger) (bool, error) {
+func CloneIfRequired(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, logger *logging.Logger) (bool, error) {
 	var origin string
 	_, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(input.Dir, ".git")) // without it git would discover a repository around Dir
 	if err == nil {
@@ -182,6 +196,9 @@ func CloneIfRequired(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, logger
 	if err == nil && origin == input.URL {
 		return true, nil
 	}
+	if ctxErr := ctx.Err(); ctxErr != nil { // a cancelled origin lookup must not discard a valid clone
+		return false, ctxErr
+	}
 	if err == nil {
 		logger.Debugf("Removing cached clone at %s because origin URL changed from %s to %s", input.Dir, origin, input.URL)
 	} else if _, statErr := os.Stat(input.Dir); statErr == nil {
@@ -203,32 +220,18 @@ func CloneIfRequired(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput, logger
 func NewGitCloneExecutor(input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-		if input.Quiet {
-			logger.Debugf("git clone '%s' # ref=%s", input.URL, input.Ref)
-		} else {
-			logger.Infof("git clone '%s' # ref=%s", input.URL, input.Ref)
-		}
+		logger.Infof("git clone '%s' # ref=%s", input.URL, input.Ref)
 		logger.Debugf("  cloning %s to %s", input.URL, input.Dir)
-		defer AcquireCloneLock(input.Dir)()
+		unlock, err := AcquireCloneLock(ctx, input.Dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer unlock()
 
-		reused, err := CloneIfRequired(ctx, input, logger)
+		resolved, reused, err := resolveClone(ctx, input)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		resolved, err := resolveRef(ctx, input.Dir, input.Ref)
-		if errors.Is(err, ErrShortRef) || (err != nil && input.OfflineMode) {
-			return err
-		}
-		if !input.OfflineMode && (err != nil || (reused && !isFullHash(input.Ref, resolved))) {
-			if err := fetch(ctx, input); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			resolved, err = resolveRef(ctx, input.Dir, input.Ref)
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Errorf("Unable to resolve %s: %v", input.Ref, err)
-			return err
-		}
 		if _, err := runGit(ctx, input.Dir, nil, "checkout", "--force", "--detach", resolved); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("checkout %s: %w", resolved, err)
 		}
@@ -242,6 +245,28 @@ func NewGitCloneExecutor(input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 	}
 }
 
+func resolveClone(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) (string, bool, error) { // the caller holds input.Dir's lock
+	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
+	reused, err := CloneIfRequired(ctx, input, logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false, err
+	}
+	resolved, err := resolveRef(ctx, input.Dir, input.Ref)
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrShortRef) || (err != nil && input.OfflineMode) {
+		return "", false, err
+	}
+	if !input.OfflineMode && (err != nil || (reused && !isFullHash(input.Ref, resolved))) {
+		if err := fetch(ctx, input); err != nil {
+			return "", false, err
+		}
+		resolved, err = resolveRef(ctx, input.Dir, input.Ref)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Errorf("Unable to resolve %s: %v", input.Ref, err)
+	}
+	return resolved, reused, err
+}
+
 func clone(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) error {
 	if input.Depth > 0 && isFullObjectID(input.Ref) {
 		if err := shallowPinnedClone(ctx, input); err == nil {
@@ -282,7 +307,7 @@ func shallowPinnedClone(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) err
 }
 
 func fetch(ctx context.Context, input NewGitCloneExecutorInput) error {
-	args := []string{"fetch", "--force", "--prune"}
+	args := []string{"fetch", "--force", "--no-prune"}
 	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(input.Dir, ".git", "shallow")); err == nil {
 		args = append(args, "--depth", "1", "--no-tags")
 	}
@@ -296,9 +321,18 @@ func cachedRef(ref string) string {
 
 func resolveRef(ctx context.Context, dir, ref string) (string, error) {
 	if !isFullObjectID(ref) {
-		for _, name := range []string{cachedRef(ref), "refs/tags/" + ref, "refs/remotes/origin/" + ref} {
-			if sha, err := gitOutput(ctx, dir, "rev-parse", "--verify", name+"^{commit}"); err == nil {
-				return sha, nil
+		revisions := []string{cachedRef(ref) + "^{commit}", "refs/tags/" + ref + "^{commit}", "refs/remotes/origin/" + ref + "^{commit}"}
+		if strings.ContainsAny(ref, "\x00\n") {
+			for _, revision := range revisions {
+				if sha, err := gitOutput(ctx, dir, "rev-parse", "--verify", revision); err == nil {
+					return sha, nil
+				}
+			}
+		} else if output, err := runGitWithStdin(ctx, dir, nil, strings.NewReader(strings.Join(revisions, "\n")+"\n"), "cat-file", "--batch-check=%(objectname)"); err == nil {
+			for sha := range strings.SplitSeq(string(output), "\n") {
+				if isFullObjectID(sha) {
+					return sha, nil
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -364,7 +398,49 @@ func ConfigEnv(config ...string) map[string]string {
 	return env
 }
 
+func ListFiles(ctx context.Context, dir string) ([]string, error) {
+	listed, err := runGit(ctx, dir, nil, "ls-files", "-z", "-t", "--stage", "--others", "--exclude-standard")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var files, repos []string
+	for entry := range strings.SplitSeq(string(listed), "\x00") {
+		tag, file, ok := strings.Cut(entry, " ")
+		if tag != "?" {
+			var meta string
+			meta, file, ok = strings.Cut(file, "\t")
+			if strings.HasPrefix(meta, "160000 ") {
+				file += "/"
+			}
+		}
+		if repo, isRepo := strings.CutSuffix(file, "/"); isRepo {
+			repos = append(repos, repo)
+		} else if ok {
+			files = append(files, file)
+		}
+	}
+	slices.Sort(repos)
+	for _, repo := range slices.Compact(repos) {
+		files = append(files, repo)
+		if _, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(dir, repo, ".git")); err != nil {
+			continue // git lists an uninitialized submodule as "./" from inside it
+		}
+		nested, err := ListFiles(ctx, filepath.Join(dir, repo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for _, file := range nested {
+			files = append(files, repo+"/"+file)
+		}
+	}
+	return files, nil
+}
+
 func runGit(ctx context.Context, dir string, input *NewGitCloneExecutorInput, args ...string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return runGitWithStdin(ctx, dir, input, nil, args...)
+}
+
+func runGitWithStdin(ctx context.Context, dir string, input *NewGitCloneExecutorInput, stdin io.Reader, args ...string) ([]byte, error) {
 	config := []string{"core.autocrlf=false", "core.eol=lf"} // keep action files LF
 	if input != nil {
 		config = append(config, RemoteConfig(input.Token, input.InsecureSkipTLS)...)
@@ -376,6 +452,7 @@ func runGit(ctx context.Context, dir string, input *NewGitCloneExecutorInput, ar
 		args = append([]string{"-C", dir}, args...)
 	}
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "git", args...)
+	cmd.Stdin = stdin
 	cmd.Env = slices.DeleteFunc(os.Environ(), func(entry string) bool {
 		name, _, _ := strings.Cut(entry, "=")
 		return slices.Contains(LocalEnvVars, name)

act/common/git/git_test.go

@@ -18,40 +18,70 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
 	"time"
 
-	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/lock"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	logrustest "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestFindGitSlug(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := assert.New(t)
+var gitFixtureDir string
 
-	slugTests := []struct {
-		url      string // input
-		provider string // expected result
-		slug     string // expected result
-	}{
-		{"https://git-codecommit.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/my-repo-name", "CodeCommit", "my-repo-name"},
-		{"ssh://git-codecommit.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/my-repo", "CodeCommit", "my-repo"},
-		{"git@github.com:nektos/act.git", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
-		{"git@github.com:nektos/act", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
-		{"https://github.com/nektos/act.git", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
-		{"http://github.com/nektos/act.git", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
-		{"https://github.com/nektos/act", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
-		{"http://github.com/nektos/act", "GitHub", "nektos/act"},
-		{"git+ssh://git@github.com/owner/repo.git", "GitHub", "owner/repo"},
-		{"http://myotherrepo.com/act.git", "", "http://myotherrepo.com/act.git"},
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	var err error
+	gitFixtureDir, err = os.MkdirTemp("", "runner-git-fixture-")
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
+	code := 1
+	if err = gitCmd("init", "--quiet", "--template=", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", filepath.Join(gitFixtureDir, "remote")); err == nil {
+		err = gitCmd("init", "--quiet", "--template=", "--initial-branch=main", filepath.Join(gitFixtureDir, "work"))
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		code = m.Run()
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+	}
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(gitFixtureDir); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		code = 1
+	}
+	os.Exit(code)
+}
 
-	for _, tt := range slugTests {
-		provider, slug := findGitSlug(tt.url, "github.com")
-		assert.Equal(tt.provider, provider)
-		assert.Equal(tt.slug, slug)
+func TestFindGitSlug(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
+		remoteURL string
+		slug      string
+	}{
+		{"https://git-codecommit.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/my-repo-name", "my-repo-name"},
+		{"ssh://git-codecommit.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/v1/repos/my-repo", "my-repo"},
+		{"git@github.com:nektos/act.git", "nektos/act"},
+		{"git@github.com:nektos/act", "nektos/act"},
+		{"https://github.com/nektos/act.git", "nektos/act"},
+		{"http://github.com/nektos/act.git", "nektos/act"},
+		{"https://github.com/nektos/act", "nektos/act"},
+		{"http://github.com/nektos/act", "nektos/act"},
+		{"git+ssh://git@github.com/owner/repo.git", "owner/repo"},
+		{"https://example.com:3000/gitea/owner/repo.git/", "owner/repo"},
+		{"ssh://git@example.com:2222/gitea/owner/repo.git", "owner/repo"},
+		{"example.com:owner/repo.git", "owner/repo"},
+		{"http://myotherrepo.com/act.git", ""},
+		{"https://user:secret@example.com/act.git", ""},
+		{"/tmp/owner/repo.git", ""},
+		{"./owner/repo:branch", ""},
+	} {
+		t.Run(testcase.remoteURL, func(t *testing.T) {
+			slug, err := findGitSlug(testcase.remoteURL)
+			assert.Equal(t, testcase.slug == "", err != nil)
+			assert.NotContains(t, fmt.Sprint(err), "secret")
+			assert.Equal(t, testcase.slug, slug)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -62,52 +92,30 @@ func TestErrorWrapsCommitAndCause(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "abc123", err.Commit())
 }
 
-func cleanGitHooks(dir string) error {
-	hooksDir := filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "hooks")
-	files, err := os.ReadDir(hooksDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, f := range files {
-		if f.IsDir() {
-			continue
-		}
-		relName := filepath.Join(hooksDir, f.Name())
-		if err := os.Remove(relName); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func TestFindGitMetadataOfSHA256RepositoryUsesOrigin(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	basedir := t.TempDir()
 	const remoteURL = "https://github.com/owner/repo.git"
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--object-format=sha256", "--initial-branch=main", basedir))
-	require.NoError(t, cleanGitHooks(basedir))
+	require.NoError(t, os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(basedir, ".git", "hooks")))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", basedir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "init"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", basedir, "remote", "add", "origin", remoteURL))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", basedir, "config", "--add", "remote.origin.url", "https://github.com/other/repo.git"))
 
-	shortSHA, sha, err := FindGitRevision(context.Background(), basedir)
+	sha, err := FindGitRevision(t.Context(), basedir)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, gitRevParse(t, basedir, "HEAD"), sha)
 	require.Len(t, sha, 64)
-	require.Equal(t, sha[:7], shortSHA)
 
-	ref, err := FindGitRef(context.Background(), basedir)
+	ref, err := FindGitRef(t.Context(), basedir)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, "refs/heads/main", ref)
 
-	url, err := findGitRemoteURL(context.Background(), basedir)
+	url, err := findGitRemoteURL(t.Context(), basedir)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, remoteURL, url)
 
-	slug, err := FindGithubRepo(context.Background(), basedir, "github.com")
+	slug, err := FindGithubRepo(t.Context(), basedir)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, "owner/repo", slug)
 }
@@ -117,89 +125,65 @@ func TestGitFindRef(t *testing.T) {
 	basedir := t.TempDir()
 
 	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
-		Prepare func(t *testing.T, dir string)
-		Assert  func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error)
+		commands [][]string
+		ref      string
 	}{
-		"new_repo": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-			},
-		},
+		"new_repo": {},
 		"new_repo_with_commit": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"))
-			},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, "refs/heads/master", ref)
-			},
+			commands: [][]string{{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"}},
+			ref:      "refs/heads/master",
 		},
 		"current_head_is_tag": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "commit msg"))
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "tag", "v1.2.3"))
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "checkout", "v1.2.3"))
-			},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, "refs/tags/v1.2.3", ref)
+			commands: [][]string{
+				{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "commit msg"},
+				{"tag", "v1.2.3"},
+				{"checkout", "v1.2.3"},
 			},
+			ref: "refs/tags/v1.2.3",
 		},
 		"current_head_is_same_as_tag": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "1.4.2 release"))
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "tag", "v1.4.2"))
-			},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, "refs/tags/v1.4.2", ref)
+			commands: [][]string{
+				{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "1.4.2 release"},
+				{"tag", "v1.4.2"},
 			},
+			ref: "refs/tags/v1.4.2",
 		},
 		"current_head_is_not_tag": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"))
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "tag", "v1.4.2"))
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg2"))
-			},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, "refs/heads/master", ref)
+			commands: [][]string{
+				{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"},
+				{"tag", "v1.4.2"},
+				{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg2"},
 			},
+			ref: "refs/heads/master",
 		},
 		"current_head_is_another_branch": {
-			Prepare: func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "checkout", "-b", "mybranch"))
-				require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"))
-			},
-			Assert: func(t *testing.T, ref string, err error) {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.Equal(t, "refs/heads/mybranch", ref)
+			commands: [][]string{
+				{"checkout", "-b", "mybranch"},
+				{"commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "msg"},
 			},
+			ref: "refs/heads/mybranch",
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			dir := filepath.Join(basedir, name)
-			require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755))
-			require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "init", "--initial-branch=master"))
-			require.NoError(t, cleanGitHooks(dir))
-			tt.Prepare(t, dir)
-			ref, err := FindGitRef(context.Background(), dir)
-			tt.Assert(t, ref, err)
+			require.NoError(t, os.CopyFS(dir, os.DirFS(filepath.Join(gitFixtureDir, "work"))))
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "HEAD"), []byte("ref: refs/heads/master\n"), 0o644))
+			for _, command := range tt.commands {
+				require.NoError(t, gitCmd(append([]string{"-C", dir}, command...)...))
+			}
+			ref, err := FindGitRef(t.Context(), dir)
+			if tt.ref == "" {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, tt.ref, ref)
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutor(t *testing.T) {
-	// Build a local bare "remote" so this runs offline and fast. The cases below mirror
-	// the tag/branch/sha/short-sha ref paths the executor handles, formerly exercised by
-	// cloning actions/checkout and anchore/scan-action over the network.
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
+	remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t)
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, "action.sh"), []byte("#!/bin/sh\necho hi\n"), 0o755))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "add", "action.sh"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "-m", "initial"))
@@ -207,14 +191,11 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "v2"))
 
-	// A branch with a dash in the name (mirrors the historical scan-action@act-fails case).
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "act-fails"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "branch-commit"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "act-fails"))
 
-	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", workDir, "rev-parse", "main").Output()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	fullSha := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+	fullSha := gitRevParse(t, workDir, "main")
 
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "main:refs/heads/"+fullSha[:4]))
 
@@ -223,6 +204,7 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL", hostConfig)
 	t.Setenv("GIT_DIR", t.TempDir())
 
+	var clones sync.WaitGroup
 	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
 		Err error
 		Ref string
@@ -250,43 +232,40 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 			Ref: fullSha[:4],
 		},
 	} {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			dir := t.TempDir()
-			clone := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
-				URL: "https://example.invalid/action",
-				Ref: tt.Ref,
-				Dir: dir,
-			})
+		clones.Go(func() {
+			t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				dir := t.TempDir()
+				clone := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+					URL: "https://example.invalid/action",
+					Ref: tt.Ref,
+					Dir: dir,
+				})
 
-			err := clone(context.Background())
-			if tt.Err != nil {
-				assert.Error(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-				assert.Equal(t, tt.Err, err)
-				assert.Equal(t, tt.Err, clone(context.Background()), "a retry on the cache keeps the error")
-				return
-			}
-			assert.Empty(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-			marker := filepath.Join(dir, "marker")
-			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(marker, nil, 0o644))
-			require.NoError(t, clone(context.Background()))
-			assert.FileExists(t, marker, "an insteadOf rewrite must not evict the cache")
-			script, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "action.sh"))
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, "#!/bin/sh\necho hi\n", string(script), "host core.autocrlf must not convert action files")
+				err := clone(t.Context())
+				if tt.Err != nil {
+					require.Error(t, err)
+					assert.Equal(t, tt.Err, err)
+					assert.Equal(t, tt.Err, clone(t.Context()), "a retry on the cache keeps the error")
+					return
+				}
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				marker := filepath.Join(dir, "marker")
+				require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(marker, nil, 0o644))
+				require.NoError(t, clone(t.Context()))
+				assert.FileExists(t, marker, "an insteadOf rewrite must not evict the cache")
+				script, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "action.sh"))
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, "#!/bin/sh\necho hi\n", string(script), "host core.autocrlf must not convert action files")
+			})
 		})
 	}
+	clones.Wait()
 }
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutorReclonesWhenOriginURLChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	createRemote := func(message string) string {
-		remoteDir := t.TempDir()
-		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-
-		workDir := t.TempDir()
-		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", message))
+		remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t, message)
 		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
 
 		return remoteDir
@@ -310,6 +289,12 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorReclonesWhenOriginURLChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	markerPath := filepath.Join(cacheDir, "stale-marker")
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(markerPath, []byte("stale"), 0o644))
 
+	cancelled, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	cancel()
+	_, err := CloneIfRequired(cancelled, NewGitCloneExecutorInput{URL: oldRemoteDir, Ref: "main", Dir: cacheDir}, logging.New(logtest.New()))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+	require.FileExists(t, markerPath)
+
 	require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
 		URL: newRemoteDir,
 		Ref: "main",
@@ -330,60 +315,56 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorReclonesWhenOriginURLChanges(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutorFollowsRemoteRefChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "feature-1"))
+	remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t, "initial", "feature-1")
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
 
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	clone := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{URL: remoteDir, Ref: "main", Dir: dir})
-	require.NoError(t, clone(context.Background()))
+	require.NoError(t, clone(t.Context()))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", dir, "config", "fetch.prune", "true"))
+	require.NoError(t, clone(t.Context()))
 
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "reset", "--hard", "HEAD~1"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "feature-rewritten"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "--force", "origin", "main"))
-	require.NoError(t, clone(context.Background()), "a non-fast-forward ref must update")
+	require.NoError(t, clone(t.Context()), "a non-fast-forward ref must update")
 	assert.Equal(t, "feature-rewritten", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
 
-	tagClone := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{URL: remoteDir, Ref: "v9", Dir: t.TempDir()})
-	require.Error(t, tagClone(context.Background()))
+	tagDir := t.TempDir()
+	tagClone := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{URL: remoteDir, Ref: "v9", Dir: tagDir})
+	require.Error(t, tagClone(t.Context()))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "tag", "v9"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "origin", "v9"))
-	require.NoError(t, tagClone(context.Background()), "a tag published after a failed lookup must be fetched")
+	require.NoError(t, tagClone(t.Context()), "a tag published after a failed lookup must be fetched")
+
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "tag-moved"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "tag", "--force", "v9"))
+	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "--force", "origin", "v9"))
+	for range 2 {
+		require.NoError(t, tagClone(t.Context()), "a moved tag must update and stay current")
+		assert.Equal(t, "tag-moved", gitHeadSubject(t, tagDir))
+	}
 }
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutorOfflineMode(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	// Build a local "remote" with a single commit on main.
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
+	remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t, "initial")
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
 
-	// Prime the cache with an online clone of main.
 	cacheDir := t.TempDir()
 	require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
 		URL: remoteDir,
 		Ref: "main",
 		Dir: cacheDir,
-	})(context.Background()))
+	})(t.Context()))
 
 	t.Run("cached branch resolves without fetching", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Offline reuse of a cached branch must succeed even though ResolveRevision(input.Ref)
-		// finds no local refs/heads/<ref>.
 		err := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
 			URL:         remoteDir,
 			Ref:         "main",
 			Dir:         cacheDir,
 			OfflineMode: true,
-		})(context.Background())
+		})(t.Context())
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", cacheDir, "log", "--oneline", "-1", "--format=%s").Output()
@@ -392,67 +373,19 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorOfflineMode(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("unresolvable cached ref returns error", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// The ref was never cached; offline mode cannot resolve it and must return an error.
 		err := NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
 			URL:         remoteDir,
 			Ref:         "never-fetched",
 			Dir:         cacheDir,
 			OfflineMode: true,
-		})(context.Background())
+		})(t.Context())
 		require.Error(t, err)
 	})
 }
 
-func TestGitCloneExecutorQuietDemotesCloneLine(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial"))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
-
-	// Quiet callers report the download themselves, so the clone line must not reach the job log.
-	for name, quiet := range map[string]bool{"quiet": true, "not quiet": false} {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			logger, hook := logrustest.NewNullLogger()
-			logger.SetLevel(log.InfoLevel)
-			ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger.WithField("job", "j1"))
-
-			require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
-				URL:   remoteDir,
-				Ref:   "main",
-				Dir:   t.TempDir(),
-				Quiet: quiet,
-			})(ctx))
-
-			var cloneLines int
-			for _, entry := range hook.AllEntries() {
-				if strings.HasPrefix(entry.Message, "git clone ") {
-					cloneLines++
-				}
-			}
-			if quiet {
-				assert.Zero(t, cloneLines)
-			} else {
-				assert.Equal(t, 1, cloneLines)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestGitCloneExecutorShallow(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	// Build a local "remote" with several commits on main plus a tag, so a full clone would pull noticeably more history than a shallow one.
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-	for _, m := range []string{"c1", "c2", "c3"} {
-		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", m))
-	}
+	remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t, "c1", "c2", "c3")
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "tag", "v1"))
 	unadvertisedSHA := gitRevParse(t, workDir, "HEAD~1")
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "push", "-u", "origin", "main"))
@@ -460,25 +393,17 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorShallow(t *testing.T) {
 
 	shallowMarker := func(dir string) string { return filepath.Join(dir, ".git", "shallow") }
 
-	t.Run("branch is cloned shallowly", func(t *testing.T) {
-		dir := t.TempDir()
-		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
-			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "main", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
-		})(t.Context()))
-		assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "clone should be shallow")
-		assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir), "only the tip commit should be present")
-		assert.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
-	})
-
-	t.Run("tag is cloned shallowly", func(t *testing.T) {
-		dir := t.TempDir()
-		require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
-			URL: remoteDir, Ref: "v1", Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
-		})(t.Context()))
-		assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "clone should be shallow")
-		assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir))
-		assert.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
-	})
+	for name, ref := range map[string]string{"branch is cloned shallowly": "main", "tag is cloned shallowly": "v1"} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			require.NoError(t, NewGitCloneExecutor(NewGitCloneExecutorInput{
+				URL: remoteDir, Ref: ref, Dir: dir, Depth: 1,
+			})(t.Context()))
+			assert.FileExists(t, shallowMarker(dir), "clone should be shallow")
+			assert.Equal(t, 1, gitRevCount(t, dir), "only the tip commit should be present")
+			assert.Equal(t, "c3", gitHeadSubject(t, dir))
+		})
+	}
 
 	unadvertisedRemote := func(t *testing.T, allowUnadvertised bool) string {
 		remote := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "remote.git")
@@ -558,12 +483,7 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorShallow(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGitCloneExecutorPinnedHashIgnoresShadowingRef(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
-	remoteDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("init", "--bare", "--initial-branch=main", remoteDir))
-	workDir := t.TempDir()
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("clone", remoteDir, workDir))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "checkout", "-b", "main"))
-	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "pinned"))
+	remoteDir, workDir := newGitRemote(t, "pinned")
 	pinned := gitRevParse(t, workDir, "HEAD")
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "decoy"))
 	require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "tag", pinned))
@@ -581,6 +501,21 @@ func TestGitCloneExecutorPinnedHashIgnoresShadowingRef(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func newGitRemote(t *testing.T, messages ...string) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	remoteDir, workDir := t.TempDir(), t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.CopyFS(remoteDir, os.DirFS(filepath.Join(gitFixtureDir, "remote"))))
+	require.NoError(t, os.CopyFS(workDir, os.DirFS(filepath.Join(gitFixtureDir, "work"))))
+	config, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(workDir, ".git", "config"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, ".git", "config"),
+		fmt.Appendf(config, "\n[remote \"origin\"]\n\turl = %s\n\tfetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*\n", strconv.Quote(remoteDir)), 0o644))
+	for _, message := range messages {
+		require.NoError(t, gitCmd("-C", workDir, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", message))
+	}
+	return remoteDir, workDir
+}
+
 func gitRevParse(t *testing.T, dir, rev string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 	out, err := exec.Command("git", "-C", dir, "rev-parse", rev).Output()
@@ -608,9 +543,6 @@ func gitCmd(args ...string) error {
 	cmd := exec.Command("git", args...)
 	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-	// Inject a deterministic identity and ignore the host's global/system config so commits
-	// succeed regardless of the host having no user.name/user.email (e.g. CI, GITHUB_ACTIONS
-	// unset) or a global commit.gpgsign, and without mutating the developer's ~/.gitconfig.
 	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
 		"GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Unit Test",
 		"GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=test@test.com",
@@ -631,14 +563,42 @@ func gitCmd(args ...string) error {
 }
 
 func TestAcquireCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("blocks on a lock held by another process despite a trailing separator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "cache")
+		release, err := lock.TryLock(dir)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer func() { require.NoError(t, release()) }()
+		synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), time.Second)
+			defer cancel()
+			_, err := AcquireCloneLock(ctx, dir+string(filepath.Separator))
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+		})
+	})
+
+	t.Run("read-only parent falls back to an in-process lock", func(t *testing.T) {
+		parent := t.TempDir()
+		dir := filepath.Join(parent, "cache")
+		require.NoError(t, os.Mkdir(dir, 0o755))
+		require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(parent, 0o555))
+		defer func() { require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(parent, 0o755)) }()
+		unlock, err := AcquireCloneLock(t.Context(), dir)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		unlock()
+	})
+
 	t.Run("same directory serializes", func(t *testing.T) {
 		dir := t.TempDir()
 
-		unlock1 := AcquireCloneLock(dir)
+		unlock1, err := AcquireCloneLock(t.Context(), dir)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		secondAcquired := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			unlock := AcquireCloneLock(dir)
+			unlock, err := AcquireCloneLock(t.Context(), dir)
+			if !assert.NoError(t, err) {
+				return
+			}
 			close(secondAcquired)
 			unlock()
 		}()
@@ -662,12 +622,16 @@ func TestAcquireCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
 		dirA := t.TempDir()
 		dirB := t.TempDir()
 
-		unlockA := AcquireCloneLock(dirA)
+		unlockA, err := AcquireCloneLock(t.Context(), dirA)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
 		defer unlockA()
 
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			unlock := AcquireCloneLock(dirB)
+			unlock, err := AcquireCloneLock(t.Context(), dirB)
+			if !assert.NoError(t, err) {
+				return
+			}
 			unlock()
 			close(done)
 		}()
@@ -680,7 +644,6 @@ func TestAcquireCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-// An unresponsive remote must not pin a job: the refresh has to be interruptible.
 func TestNewGitCloneExecutorFetchSendsTokenAndHonoursContext(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	block := make(chan struct{})

act/common/job_error.go

@@ -14,13 +14,8 @@ const jobErrorContextKeyVal = jobErrorContextKey("job.error")
 
 // JobError returns the job error for current context if any
 func JobError(ctx context.Context) error {
-	val := ctx.Value(jobErrorContextKeyVal)
-	if val != nil {
-		if container, ok := val.(map[string]error); ok {
-			return container["error"]
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
+	container, _ := ctx.Value(jobErrorContextKeyVal).(map[string]error)
+	return container["error"]
 }
 
 func SetJobError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
@@ -31,6 +26,5 @@ func SetJobError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
 
 // WithJobErrorContainer adds a value to the context as a container for an error
 func WithJobErrorContainer(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
-	container := map[string]error{}
-	return context.WithValue(ctx, jobErrorContextKeyVal, container)
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, jobErrorContextKeyVal, map[string]error{})
 }

act/common/line_writer.go

@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ type lineWriter struct {
 
 // NewLineWriter creates a new instance of a line writer
 func NewLineWriter(handlers ...LineHandler) io.Writer {
-	w := new(lineWriter)
-	w.handlers = handlers
-	return w
+	return &lineWriter{handlers: handlers}
 }
 
 // FlushWriter flushes w if it implements Flusher. It is a no-op otherwise, so
@@ -39,24 +37,15 @@ func FlushWriter(w io.Writer) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (lw *lineWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	pBuf := bytes.NewBuffer(p)
-	written := 0
-	for {
-		line, err := pBuf.ReadString('\n')
-		w, _ := lw.buffer.WriteString(line)
-		written += w
-		if err != nil {
-			if err == io.EOF {
-				break
-			}
-			return written, err
+func (lw *lineWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	for line := range bytes.SplitAfterSeq(p, []byte{'\n'}) {
+		_, _ = lw.buffer.Write(line)
+		if len(line) > 0 && line[len(line)-1] == '\n' {
+			lw.handleLine(lw.buffer.String())
+			lw.buffer.Reset()
 		}
-		lw.handleLine(lw.buffer.String())
-		lw.buffer.Reset()
 	}
-
-	return written, nil
+	return len(p), nil
 }
 
 // Flush emits any buffered, not-yet-newline-terminated content as a final line.
@@ -72,8 +61,7 @@ func (lw *lineWriter) Flush() {
 
 func (lw *lineWriter) handleLine(line string) {
 	for _, h := range lw.handlers {
-		ok := h(line)
-		if !ok {
+		if !h(line) {
 			break
 		}
 	}

act/common/line_writer_test.go

@@ -9,24 +9,24 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestLineWriter(t *testing.T) {
-	lines := make([]string, 0)
-	lineHandler := func(s string) bool {
+func TestLineWriterBuffersAndFlushesLines(t *testing.T) {
+	var lines []string
+	lineWriter := NewLineWriter(func(s string) bool {
 		lines = append(lines, s)
 		return true
-	}
-
-	lineWriter := NewLineWriter(lineHandler)
+	})
 
 	assert := assert.New(t)
 	write := func(s string) {
 		n, err := lineWriter.Write([]byte(s))
-		assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(len(s), n, s)
 	}
 
+	write("")
 	write("hello")
 	write(" ")
 	write("world!!\nextra")
@@ -34,39 +34,17 @@ func TestLineWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	write(" line\n")
 	write("no newline here...")
 
-	assert.Len(lines, 4)
-	assert.Equal("hello world!!\n", lines[0])
-	assert.Equal("extra line\n", lines[1])
-	assert.Equal(" and another\n", lines[2])
-	assert.Equal("last line\n", lines[3])
-}
+	expected := []string{"hello world!!\n", "extra line\n", " and another\n", "last line\n"}
+	assert.Equal(expected, lines)
 
-func TestLineWriterFlush(t *testing.T) {
-	lines := make([]string, 0)
-	lineHandler := func(s string) bool {
-		lines = append(lines, s)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	lineWriter := NewLineWriter(lineHandler)
-
-	assert := assert.New(t)
-	_, err := lineWriter.Write([]byte("complete line\npartial line without newline"))
-	assert.NoError(err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing pattern from nektos/act
-
-	// Only the newline-terminated line is emitted before flushing.
-	assert.Equal([]string{"complete line\n"}, lines)
-
-	// Flushing emits the buffered, not-yet-terminated trailing line.
 	FlushWriter(lineWriter)
-	assert.Equal([]string{"complete line\n", "partial line without newline"}, lines)
+	expected = append(expected, "no newline here...")
+	assert.Equal(expected, lines)
 
-	// Flushing again is a no-op: nothing is buffered.
 	FlushWriter(lineWriter)
-	assert.Len(lines, 2)
+	assert.Equal(expected, lines)
 }
 
 func TestFlushWriterIgnoresNonFlusher(t *testing.T) {
-	// FlushWriter must be a safe no-op for writers that do not buffer lines.
 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() { FlushWriter(io.Discard) })
 }

act/common/logger.go

@@ -7,46 +7,51 @@ package common
 import (
 	"context"
 
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 )
 
 type loggerContextKey string
 
-const loggerContextKeyVal = loggerContextKey("logrus.FieldLogger")
+const loggerContextKeyVal = loggerContextKey("logging.Logger")
 
 // Logger returns the appropriate logger for current context
-func Logger(ctx context.Context) logrus.FieldLogger {
-	val := ctx.Value(loggerContextKeyVal)
-	if val != nil {
-		if logger, ok := val.(logrus.FieldLogger); ok {
-			return logger
-		}
+func Logger(ctx context.Context) *logging.Logger {
+	if logger, ok := ctx.Value(loggerContextKeyVal).(*logging.Logger); ok {
+		return logger
 	}
-	return logrus.StandardLogger()
+	return logging.Default()
 }
 
 // WithLogger adds a value to the context for the logger
-func WithLogger(ctx context.Context, logger logrus.FieldLogger) context.Context {
+func WithLogger(ctx context.Context, logger *logging.Logger) context.Context {
 	return context.WithValue(ctx, loggerContextKeyVal, logger)
 }
 
-type loggerHookKey string
+type loggerHandlerKey string
 
-const loggerHookKeyVal = loggerHookKey("logrus.Hook")
+const loggerHandlerKeyVal = loggerHandlerKey("logging.Handler")
 
-// LoggerHook returns the appropriate logger hook for current context
-// the hook affects job logger, not global logger
-func LoggerHook(ctx context.Context) logrus.Hook {
-	val := ctx.Value(loggerHookKeyVal)
-	if val != nil {
-		if hook, ok := val.(logrus.Hook); ok {
-			return hook
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
+// LoggerHandler returns the extra handler the job logger sends its records to, or nil.
+// It affects the job logger, not the global logger.
+func LoggerHandler(ctx context.Context) logging.Handler {
+	h, _ := ctx.Value(loggerHandlerKeyVal).(logging.Handler)
+	return h
 }
 
-// WithLoggerHook adds a value to the context for the logger hook
-func WithLoggerHook(ctx context.Context, hook logrus.Hook) context.Context {
-	return context.WithValue(ctx, loggerHookKeyVal, hook)
+// WithLoggerHandler adds the extra handler for the job logger to the context
+func WithLoggerHandler(ctx context.Context, h logging.Handler) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, loggerHandlerKeyVal, h)
+}
+
+type stepIDsContextKey struct{}
+
+// StepIDs returns the IDs of the step and the composite steps enclosing the current one, outermost first.
+func StepIDs(ctx context.Context) []string {
+	ids, _ := ctx.Value(stepIDsContextKey{}).([]string)
+	return ids
+}
+
+// WithStepIDs replaces the step IDs in the context
+func WithStepIDs(ctx context.Context, ids []string) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, stepIDsContextKey{}, ids)
 }

act/common/logging/console.go

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package logging
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"maps"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	ansiReset    = "\x1b[0m"
+	ansiRed      = "\x1b[31m"
+	ansiYellow   = "\x1b[33m"
+	ansiCyan     = "\x1b[36m"
+	ansiDimCyan  = "\x1b[2;36m"
+	ansiDimWhite = "\x1b[2;37m"
+)
+
+// consoleStart is the zero of the elapsed-seconds stamp used when full timestamps are off.
+var consoleStart = time.Now()
+
+// console is the state shared by every consoleHandler derived from one another.
+type console struct {
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	out          io.Writer
+	terminal     bool
+	opts         TextOptions
+	reportCaller bool
+	level        slog.LevelVar
+}
+
+func newConsole(out io.Writer) *console {
+	c := &console{}
+	c.setOutput(out)
+	return c
+}
+
+func (c *console) setOutput(w io.Writer) {
+	terminal := checkIfTerminal(w)
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.out, c.terminal = w, terminal
+}
+
+// consoleHandler is a slog.Handler writing the text format the runner has always used, so that
+// moving off logrus changes nothing a user can see: sorted key=value fields on a plain stream,
+// and a colored prefix with elapsed or full time on a terminal.
+type consoleHandler struct {
+	c     *console
+	attrs []slog.Attr
+}
+
+func (h *consoleHandler) Enabled(_ context.Context, level slog.Level) bool {
+	return level >= h.c.level.Level()
+}
+
+func (h *consoleHandler) WithAttrs(attrs []slog.Attr) slog.Handler {
+	return &consoleHandler{c: h.c, attrs: append(slices.Clone(h.attrs), attrs...)}
+}
+
+// WithGroup is a no-op, as only NewSlogHandler wraps a consoleHandler and it never groups.
+func (h *consoleHandler) WithGroup(string) slog.Handler { return h }
+
+func (h *consoleHandler) Handle(_ context.Context, r slog.Record) error {
+	c := h.c
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	opts, reportCaller, terminal := c.opts, c.reportCaller, c.terminal
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	data := make(map[string]any, len(h.attrs)+r.NumAttrs())
+	for _, a := range h.attrs {
+		data[a.Key] = a.Value.Resolve().Any()
+	}
+	r.Attrs(func(a slog.Attr) bool {
+		data[a.Key] = a.Value.Resolve().Any()
+		return true
+	})
+
+	var caller *runtime.Frame
+	if reportCaller && r.PC != 0 {
+		frame, _ := runtime.CallersFrames([]uintptr{r.PC}).Next()
+		caller = &frame
+	}
+	prefixFieldClashes(data, caller != nil)
+
+	keys := slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(data))
+
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+	if terminal && !opts.DisableColors {
+		printColored(&b, opts, r, caller, keys, data)
+	} else {
+		printPlain(&b, opts, r, caller, keys, data)
+	}
+
+	line := b.Bytes()
+	if opts.Filter != nil {
+		line = opts.Filter(line)
+	}
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	_, err := c.out.Write(line)
+	return err
+}
+
+// prefixFieldClashes moves fields that share a name with a fixed key out of its way.
+func prefixFieldClashes(data map[string]any, reportCaller bool) {
+	for _, key := range []string{"time", "level", "msg"} {
+		if v, ok := data[key]; ok {
+			data["fields."+key] = v
+			delete(data, key)
+		}
+	}
+	if reportCaller {
+		for _, key := range []string{"func", "file"} {
+			if v, ok := data[key]; ok {
+				data["fields."+key] = v
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func printPlain(b *bytes.Buffer, opts TextOptions, r slog.Record, caller *runtime.Frame, keys []string, data map[string]any) {
+	if !opts.DisableTimestamp {
+		appendKeyValue(b, "time", r.Time.Format(time.RFC3339))
+	}
+	appendKeyValue(b, "level", plainLevel(Level(r.Level)))
+	if r.Message != "" {
+		appendKeyValue(b, "msg", r.Message)
+	}
+	if caller != nil {
+		funcVal, fileVal := callerText(opts, caller)
+		if funcVal != "" {
+			appendKeyValue(b, "func", funcVal)
+		}
+		if fileVal != "" {
+			appendKeyValue(b, "file", fileVal)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		appendKeyValue(b, k, data[k])
+	}
+	b.WriteByte('\n')
+}
+
+func callerText(opts TextOptions, caller *runtime.Frame) (funcVal, fileVal string) {
+	if opts.CallerPrettyfier != nil {
+		return opts.CallerPrettyfier(caller)
+	}
+	return caller.Function, caller.File + ":" + strconv.Itoa(caller.Line)
+}
+
+func printColored(b *bytes.Buffer, opts TextOptions, r slog.Record, caller *runtime.Frame, keys []string, data map[string]any) {
+	msg := strings.TrimSuffix(r.Message, "\n")
+
+	var callerStr string
+	if caller != nil {
+		funcVal, fileVal := callerText(opts, caller)
+		if opts.CallerPrettyfier == nil && caller.Function != "" {
+			funcVal += "()"
+		}
+		switch {
+		case fileVal == "":
+			callerStr = funcVal
+		case funcVal == "":
+			callerStr = fileVal
+		default:
+			callerStr = fileVal + " " + funcVal
+		}
+	}
+
+	level := Level(r.Level)
+	prefix := colorize(level, strings.ToUpper(plainLevel(level))[:4])
+	switch {
+	case opts.DisableTimestamp:
+		fmt.Fprintf(b, "%s%s %-44s ", prefix, callerStr, msg)
+	case !opts.FullTimestamp:
+		fmt.Fprintf(b, "%s[%04d]%s %-44s ", prefix, int(r.Time.Sub(consoleStart)/time.Second), callerStr, msg)
+	default:
+		fmt.Fprintf(b, "%s[%s]%s %-44s ", prefix, r.Time.Format(time.RFC3339), callerStr, msg)
+	}
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		b.WriteByte(' ')
+		b.WriteString(colorize(level, k))
+		b.WriteByte('=')
+		appendValue(b, data[k])
+	}
+	b.WriteByte('\n')
+}
+
+// plainLevel spells Warn the way logrus did, as "warning".
+func plainLevel(l Level) string {
+	if s := l.String(); s != "warn" {
+		return s
+	}
+	return "warning"
+}
+
+func colorize(l Level, s string) string {
+	var color string
+	switch {
+	case l <= LevelTrace:
+		color = ansiDimWhite
+	case l <= LevelDebug:
+		color = ansiDimCyan
+	case l <= LevelInfo:
+		color = ansiCyan
+	case l <= LevelWarn:
+		color = ansiYellow
+	default:
+		color = ansiRed
+	}
+	return color + s + ansiReset
+}
+
+func appendKeyValue(b *bytes.Buffer, key string, value any) {
+	if b.Len() > 0 {
+		b.WriteByte(' ')
+	}
+	b.WriteString(key)
+	b.WriteByte('=')
+	appendValue(b, value)
+}
+
+func appendValue(b *bytes.Buffer, value any) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		appendString(b, v)
+	case []byte:
+		appendString(b, string(v))
+	case error:
+		appendFormatted(b, v, v.Error)
+	case fmt.Stringer:
+		appendFormatted(b, v, v.String)
+	default:
+		appendString(b, fmt.Sprint(value))
+	}
+}
+
+// appendFormatted writes what get returns, and "<nil>" if that panics on a nil receiver.
+func appendFormatted(b *bytes.Buffer, v any, get func() string) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			if rv := reflect.ValueOf(v); rv.Kind() == reflect.Pointer && rv.IsNil() {
+				appendString(b, "<nil>")
+			} else {
+				appendString(b, fmt.Sprintf("%%!v(PANIC=%v)", r))
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	appendString(b, get())
+}
+
+func appendString(b *bytes.Buffer, s string) {
+	if needsQuoting(s) {
+		b.WriteString(strconv.Quote(s))
+		return
+	}
+	b.WriteString(s)
+}
+
+func needsQuoting(s string) bool {
+	for i := range len(s) {
+		c := s[i]
+		switch {
+		case c >= 'a' && c <= 'z', c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z', c >= '0' && c <= '9':
+		case c == '-', c == '.', c == '_', c == '/', c == '@', c == '^', c == '+':
+		default:
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

act/common/logging/console_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package logging
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"log/slog"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func consoleLine(t *testing.T, opts TextOptions, terminal, reportCaller bool, build func(*Logger)) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	c := newConsole(&out)
+	c.opts, c.terminal, c.reportCaller = opts, terminal, reportCaller
+	c.level.Set(slog.LevelDebug)
+	build(New(NewSlogHandler(&consoleHandler{c: c})))
+	return out.String()
+}
+
+func TestConsolePlain(t *testing.T) {
+	line := consoleLine(t, TextOptions{DisableTimestamp: true}, false, false, func(l *Logger) {
+		l.With("job", "build x", "n", 3).WithError(errors.New("boom")).Warnf("hello world")
+		l.With("msg", "clash", "empty", "").Info("")
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, "level=warning msg=\"hello world\" error=boom job=\"build x\" n=3\n"+
+		"level=info empty= fields.msg=clash\n", line)
+}
+
+func TestConsolePlainTimeFilterAndCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	opts := TextOptions{
+		CallerPrettyfier: func(f *runtime.Frame) (string, string) {
+			return "[fn]", "[" + strings.TrimPrefix(f.Function, "x") + "]"
+		},
+		Filter: func(b []byte) []byte { return bytes.ReplaceAll(b, []byte("secret"), []byte("***")) },
+	}
+	line := consoleLine(t, opts, false, true, func(l *Logger) { l.With("k", "secret").Debugf("a secret") })
+	assert.Regexp(t, `^time="[^"]+" level=debug msg="a \*\*\*" func="\[fn\]" file="\[.*TestConsolePlainTimeFilterAndCaller[^"]*\]" k=\*\*\*\n$`, line)
+}
+
+func TestConsoleColored(t *testing.T) {
+	line := consoleLine(t, TextOptions{DisableTimestamp: true}, true, false, func(l *Logger) {
+		l.With("job", "j").Warn("careful")
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, "\x1b[33mWARN\x1b[0m "+"careful"+strings.Repeat(" ", 44-len("careful"))+"  \x1b[33mjob\x1b[0m=j\n", line)
+
+	full := consoleLine(t, TextOptions{FullTimestamp: true}, true, false, func(l *Logger) { l.Error("bad") })
+	assert.Regexp(t, `^\x1b\[31mERRO\x1b\[0m\[\d{4}-\d\d-\d\dT[^\]]+\] bad`, full)
+
+	elapsed := consoleLine(t, TextOptions{}, true, false, func(l *Logger) { l.Info("x") })
+	assert.Regexp(t, `^\x1b\[36mINFO\x1b\[0m\[\d{4}\] x`, elapsed)
+
+	plain := consoleLine(t, TextOptions{DisableColors: true, DisableTimestamp: true}, true, false, func(l *Logger) { l.Info("x") })
+	assert.Equal(t, "level=info msg=x\n", plain)
+}
+
+func TestConsoleLevelAndOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	c := newConsole(&out)
+	h := &consoleHandler{c: c}
+	assert.False(t, h.Enabled(t.Context(), slog.LevelDebug)) // info unless raised
+	c.level.Set(slog.LevelError)
+	assert.False(t, h.Enabled(t.Context(), slog.LevelWarn))
+	assert.True(t, h.Enabled(t.Context(), slog.LevelError))
+
+	rec := slog.NewRecord(time.Unix(0, 0), slog.LevelError, "m", 0)
+	rec.AddAttrs(slog.String("c", "3"))
+	require.NoError(t, h.WithAttrs([]slog.Attr{slog.Int("a", 1)}).Handle(t.Context(), rec))
+	assert.Contains(t, out.String(), "a=1 c=3")
+}

act/common/logging/global.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package logging
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+// TextOptions describes how the process-wide Logger writes a record as text.
+type TextOptions struct {
+	DisableColors    bool
+	DisableTimestamp bool
+	FullTimestamp    bool
+	// CallerPrettyfier renames the function and file reported with a record when ReportCaller is on.
+	CallerPrettyfier func(*runtime.Frame) (function, file string)
+	// Filter rewrites each formatted line, for example to mask secrets.
+	Filter func(line []byte) []byte
+}
+
+var (
+	std      atomic.Pointer[Logger]
+	stdState = newConsole(os.Stderr)
+)
+
+func init() {
+	std.Store(New(NewSlogHandler(&consoleHandler{c: stdState})))
+}
+
+// Default returns the process-wide Logger.
+func Default() *Logger { return std.Load() }
+
+// SetDefault replaces the process-wide Logger, which tests use to capture what the package
+// functions log. SetLevel, GetLevel, SetOutput and the format functions keep configuring the
+// initial console Logger.
+func SetDefault(l *Logger) { std.Store(l) }
+
+// SetLevel sets the minimum level of the initial process-wide Logger.
+func SetLevel(level Level) { stdState.level.Set(slog.Level(level)) }
+
+// GetLevel returns the minimum level of the initial process-wide Logger.
+func GetLevel() Level { return Level(stdState.level.Level()) }
+
+// SetOutput sets where the initial process-wide Logger writes.
+func SetOutput(w io.Writer) { stdState.setOutput(w) }
+
+// Output returns where the initial process-wide Logger writes.
+func Output() io.Writer {
+	stdState.mu.Lock()
+	defer stdState.mu.Unlock()
+	return stdState.out
+}
+
+// SetTextFormat sets the text format of the initial process-wide Logger.
+func SetTextFormat(o TextOptions) {
+	stdState.mu.Lock()
+	defer stdState.mu.Unlock()
+	stdState.opts = o
+}
+
+// SetReportCaller makes the initial process-wide Logger record where each call came from, which costs time.
+func SetReportCaller(on bool) {
+	stdState.mu.Lock()
+	defer stdState.mu.Unlock()
+	stdState.reportCaller = on
+}
+
+func Enabled(level Level) bool { return Default().Enabled(level) }
+
+func With(args ...any) *Logger          { return Default().With(args...) }
+func WithError(err error) *Logger       { return Default().WithError(err) }
+func Debugf(format string, args ...any) { Default().logf(LevelDebug, format, args) }
+func Infof(format string, args ...any)  { Default().logf(LevelInfo, format, args) }
+func Warnf(format string, args ...any)  { Default().logf(LevelWarn, format, args) }
+func Errorf(format string, args ...any) { Default().logf(LevelError, format, args) }
+func Debug(args ...any)                 { Default().log(LevelDebug, args) }
+func Info(args ...any)                  { Default().log(LevelInfo, args) }
+func Warn(args ...any)                  { Default().log(LevelWarn, args) }
+func Error(args ...any)                 { Default().log(LevelError, args) }

act/common/logging/handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package logging
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"slices"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Attr is a structured key/value pair attached to a log record.
+type Attr struct {
+	Key   string
+	Value any
+}
+
+// Record is one log event. Attrs holds the call-site attributes only, the ones added with
+// Logger.With are accumulated by the Handler.
+type Record struct {
+	Time    time.Time
+	Level   Level
+	Message string
+	PC      uintptr // program counter of the logging call, 0 if unknown
+	Attrs   []Attr
+}
+
+// Attr returns the value of the last attribute named key.
+func (r Record) Attr(key string) (any, bool) {
+	for _, a := range slices.Backward(r.Attrs) {
+		if a.Key == key {
+			return a.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// Handler consumes records, and is shaped like slog.Handler so that a slog backend can replace
+// the current one without touching callers. Handle must not modify the Attrs slice it is given.
+type Handler interface {
+	Enabled(ctx context.Context, level Level) bool
+	Handle(ctx context.Context, r Record) error
+	// WithAttrs returns a Handler that adds attrs to every record it handles.
+	WithAttrs(attrs []Attr) Handler
+}
+
+type multiHandler []Handler
+
+// NewMultiHandler fans every record out to all handlers that have its level enabled.
+func NewMultiHandler(handlers ...Handler) Handler {
+	return multiHandler(handlers)
+}
+
+func (m multiHandler) Enabled(ctx context.Context, level Level) bool {
+	for _, h := range m {
+		if h.Enabled(ctx, level) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m multiHandler) Handle(ctx context.Context, r Record) error {
+	var errs []error
+	for _, h := range m {
+		if h.Enabled(ctx, r.Level) {
+			errs = append(errs, h.Handle(ctx, r))
+		}
+	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+func (m multiHandler) WithAttrs(attrs []Attr) Handler {
+	out := make(multiHandler, len(m))
+	for i, h := range m {
+		out[i] = h.WithAttrs(attrs)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+type discardHandler struct{}
+
+// DiscardHandler drops every record.
+var DiscardHandler Handler = discardHandler{}
+
+func (discardHandler) Enabled(context.Context, Level) bool  { return false }
+func (discardHandler) Handle(context.Context, Record) error { return nil }
+func (d discardHandler) WithAttrs([]Attr) Handler           { return d }
+
+type levelHandler struct {
+	h        Handler
+	minLevel Level
+}
+
+// NewLevelHandler passes only records at or above minLevel on to h.
+func NewLevelHandler(h Handler, minLevel Level) Handler {
+	return levelHandler{h: h, minLevel: minLevel}
+}
+
+func (l levelHandler) Enabled(ctx context.Context, level Level) bool {
+	return level >= l.minLevel && l.h.Enabled(ctx, level)
+}
+
+func (l levelHandler) Handle(ctx context.Context, r Record) error {
+	if r.Level < l.minLevel {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return l.h.Handle(ctx, r)
+}
+
+func (l levelHandler) WithAttrs(attrs []Attr) Handler {
+	return levelHandler{h: l.h.WithAttrs(attrs), minLevel: l.minLevel}
+}

act/common/logging/level.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package logging
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Level is a log severity. The values match log/slog, with Trace added below Debug.
+type Level int
+
+const (
+	LevelTrace Level = -8
+	LevelDebug Level = -4
+	LevelInfo  Level = 0
+	LevelWarn  Level = 4
+	LevelError Level = 8
+)
+
+func (l Level) String() string {
+	switch {
+	case l <= LevelTrace:
+		return "trace"
+	case l <= LevelDebug:
+		return "debug"
+	case l <= LevelInfo:
+		return "info"
+	case l <= LevelWarn:
+		return "warn"
+	default:
+		return "error"
+	}
+}
+
+// ParseLevel accepts every name logrus does. "fatal" and "panic" map to LevelError because
+// the Logger has no level above it.
+func ParseLevel(s string) (Level, error) {
+	switch strings.ToLower(s) {
+	case "trace":
+		return LevelTrace, nil
+	case "debug":
+		return LevelDebug, nil
+	case "info":
+		return LevelInfo, nil
+	case "warn", "warning":
+		return LevelWarn, nil
+	case "error", "fatal", "panic":
+		return LevelError, nil
+	}
+	return LevelInfo, fmt.Errorf("not a valid log level: %q", s)
+}

act/common/logging/logger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package logging
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const badKey = "!BADKEY"
+
+// Logger writes printf-style messages with structured attributes to a Handler.
+type Logger struct {
+	h   Handler
+	ctx context.Context
+}
+
+func New(h Handler) *Logger {
+	return &Logger{h: h, ctx: context.Background()}
+}
+
+// With returns a Logger that adds the key/value pairs to every record, like slog.Logger.With.
+func (l *Logger) With(args ...any) *Logger {
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		return l
+	}
+	return &Logger{h: l.h.WithAttrs(argsToAttrs(args)), ctx: l.ctx}
+}
+
+func (l *Logger) WithError(err error) *Logger {
+	return l.With("error", err)
+}
+
+// WithContext returns a Logger that passes ctx to its Handler.
+func (l *Logger) WithContext(ctx context.Context) *Logger {
+	return &Logger{h: l.h, ctx: ctx}
+}
+
+func (l *Logger) Enabled(level Level) bool {
+	return l.h.Enabled(l.ctx, level)
+}
+
+func (l *Logger) Debugf(format string, args ...any) { l.logf(LevelDebug, format, args) }
+func (l *Logger) Infof(format string, args ...any)  { l.logf(LevelInfo, format, args) }
+func (l *Logger) Warnf(format string, args ...any)  { l.logf(LevelWarn, format, args) }
+func (l *Logger) Errorf(format string, args ...any) { l.logf(LevelError, format, args) }
+
+// Trace and the methods below format their arguments like fmt.Sprint.
+func (l *Logger) Trace(args ...any) { l.log(LevelTrace, args) }
+func (l *Logger) Debug(args ...any) { l.log(LevelDebug, args) }
+func (l *Logger) Info(args ...any)  { l.log(LevelInfo, args) }
+func (l *Logger) Warn(args ...any)  { l.log(LevelWarn, args) }
+func (l *Logger) Error(args ...any) { l.log(LevelError, args) }
+
+func (l *Logger) logf(level Level, format string, args []any) {
+	if !l.Enabled(level) {
+		return
+	}
+	l.emit(callerPC(4), level, fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
+}
+
+func (l *Logger) log(level Level, args []any) {
+	if !l.Enabled(level) {
+		return
+	}
+	l.emit(callerPC(4), level, fmt.Sprint(args...))
+}
+
+// emit drops the Handler error, as a logger has nowhere to report it.
+func (l *Logger) emit(pc uintptr, level Level, msg string) {
+	_ = l.h.Handle(l.ctx, Record{Time: time.Now(), Level: level, Message: msg, PC: pc})
+}
+
+// callerPC returns the program counter skip frames up, 4 being the caller of an exported method.
+func callerPC(skip int) uintptr {
+	var pcs [1]uintptr
+	runtime.Callers(skip, pcs[:])
+	return pcs[0]
+}
+
+func argsToAttrs(args []any) []Attr {
+	attrs := make([]Attr, 0, len(args)/2+1)
+	for len(args) > 0 {
+		switch k := args[0].(type) {
+		case Attr:
+			attrs = append(attrs, k)
+			args = args[1:]
+		case string:
+			if len(args) == 1 {
+				attrs = append(attrs, Attr{Key: badKey, Value: k})
+				args = nil
+			} else {
+				attrs = append(attrs, Attr{Key: k, Value: args[1]})
+				args = args[2:]
+			}
+		default:
+			attrs = append(attrs, Attr{Key: badKey, Value: k})
+			args = args[1:]
+		}
+	}
+	return attrs
+}

act/common/logging/logging_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package logging_test
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"log/slog"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParseLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	for in, want := range map[string]logging.Level{
+		"trace": logging.LevelTrace, "DEBUG": logging.LevelDebug, "info": logging.LevelInfo,
+		"warn": logging.LevelWarn, "warning": logging.LevelWarn,
+		"error": logging.LevelError, "fatal": logging.LevelError, "panic": logging.LevelError,
+	} {
+		got, err := logging.ParseLevel(in)
+		require.NoError(t, err, in)
+		assert.Equal(t, want, got, in)
+	}
+	_, err := logging.ParseLevel("loud")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "warn", logging.LevelWarn.String())
+}
+
+type countingStringer struct{ n *int }
+
+func (c countingStringer) String() string { *c.n++; return "x" }
+
+func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
+	h := logtest.NewWithLevel(logging.LevelTrace)
+	assert.Nil(t, h.LastRecord())
+	l := logging.New(h)
+
+	l.With("job", "j1").WithError(errors.New("boom")).Warnf("step %d", 2)
+	l.Info("a", 1, 2, "b")
+	l.With("k").With(7).Debug("x")
+
+	recs := h.AllRecords()
+	require.Len(t, recs, 3)
+	assert.Equal(t, "step 2", recs[0].Message)
+	assert.Equal(t, logging.LevelWarn, recs[0].Level)
+	assert.False(t, recs[0].Time.IsZero())
+	job, _ := recs[0].Attr("job")
+	assert.Equal(t, "j1", job)
+	errv, _ := recs[0].Attr("error")
+	require.EqualError(t, errv.(error), "boom")
+	assert.Equal(t, "a1 2b", recs[1].Message)
+	bad, _ := recs[2].Attr("!BADKEY")
+	assert.Equal(t, 7, bad)
+}
+
+func TestLoggerSkipsFormattingWhenDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	n := 0
+	l := logging.New(logging.NewLevelHandler(logtest.NewWithLevel(logging.LevelTrace), logging.LevelWarn))
+	l.Debugf("%v", countingStringer{&n})
+	assert.Zero(t, n)
+	assert.False(t, l.Enabled(logging.LevelInfo))
+}
+
+func TestMultiHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.False(t, logging.DiscardHandler.Enabled(t.Context(), logging.LevelError))
+	all, warnOnly := logtest.New(), logtest.NewWithLevel(logging.LevelTrace)
+	l := logging.New(logging.NewMultiHandler(all, logging.NewLevelHandler(warnOnly, logging.LevelWarn), logging.DiscardHandler)).With("a", 1)
+	l.Info("i")
+	l.Error("e")
+	assert.Len(t, all.AllRecords(), 2)
+	require.Len(t, warnOnly.AllRecords(), 1)
+	v, _ := warnOnly.LastRecord().Attr("a")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v)
+}
+
+func frameOf(t *testing.T, pc uintptr) runtime.Frame {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NotZero(t, pc)
+	f, _ := runtime.CallersFrames([]uintptr{pc}).Next()
+	return f
+}
+
+func TestCallerPC(t *testing.T) {
+	l, h := logtest.NewLogger()
+	l.Infof("method")
+	l.Info("method")
+
+	prev := logging.Default()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { logging.SetDefault(prev) })
+	logging.SetDefault(l)
+	logging.Infof("global")
+	logging.Error("global")
+
+	require.Len(t, h.AllRecords(), 4)
+	for _, r := range h.AllRecords() {
+		assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(frameOf(t, r.PC).Function, "TestCallerPC"), r.Message)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	prev := logging.GetLevel()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { logging.SetLevel(prev) })
+
+	logging.SetLevel(logging.LevelWarn)
+	assert.Equal(t, logging.LevelWarn, logging.GetLevel())
+	assert.True(t, logging.Enabled(logging.LevelError))
+	assert.False(t, logging.Enabled(logging.LevelInfo))
+}
+
+func TestSlogHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf strings.Builder
+	l := logging.New(logging.NewSlogHandler(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug}))).With("job", "j1")
+
+	assert.False(t, l.Enabled(logging.LevelTrace))
+	l.WithError(errors.New("boom")).Errorf("fail %s", "x")
+
+	out := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "level=ERROR")
+	assert.Contains(t, out, `msg="fail x"`)
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "job=j1")
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "error=boom")
+}
+
+func TestSlogBridge(t *testing.T) {
+	h := logtest.SetDefault(t)
+	slog.With("lib", "actionslib").Warn("from a library", "n", 1)
+	_, _, line, _ := runtime.Caller(0)
+	slog.Debug("dropped")
+
+	recs := h.AllRecords()
+	require.Len(t, recs, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "from a library", recs[0].Message)
+	assert.Equal(t, logging.LevelWarn, recs[0].Level)
+	lib, _ := recs[0].Attr("lib")
+	assert.Equal(t, "actionslib", lib)
+	n, _ := recs[0].Attr("n")
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 1, n)
+	assert.Equal(t, line-1, frameOf(t, recs[0].PC).Line)
+}

act/common/logging/logtest/logtest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// Package logtest provides a Handler that keeps records in memory for assertions.
+package logtest
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"slices"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
+)
+
+type store struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	records []logging.Record
+}
+
+// Handler records what it receives at or above its level. Loggers derived with WithAttrs share one store.
+type Handler struct {
+	store    *store
+	attrs    []logging.Attr
+	minLevel logging.Level
+}
+
+// New records from LevelInfo up, like the logger of logrus's hooks/test.
+func New() *Handler {
+	return NewWithLevel(logging.LevelInfo)
+}
+
+// NewLogger returns a Logger writing to a new Handler from New, and that Handler.
+func NewLogger() (*logging.Logger, *Handler) {
+	h := New()
+	return logging.New(h), h
+}
+
+func NewWithLevel(minLevel logging.Level) *Handler {
+	return &Handler{store: &store{}, minLevel: minLevel}
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) Enabled(_ context.Context, level logging.Level) bool { return level >= h.minLevel }
+
+// Handle stores the record with the attributes accumulated by WithAttrs placed first.
+func (h *Handler) Handle(_ context.Context, r logging.Record) error {
+	r.Attrs = append(slices.Clone(h.attrs), r.Attrs...)
+	h.store.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.store.mu.Unlock()
+	h.store.records = append(h.store.records, r)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) WithAttrs(attrs []logging.Attr) logging.Handler {
+	return &Handler{store: h.store, attrs: append(slices.Clone(h.attrs), attrs...), minLevel: h.minLevel}
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) AllRecords() []logging.Record {
+	h.store.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.store.mu.Unlock()
+	return slices.Clone(h.store.records)
+}
+
+// LastRecord returns nil when nothing was logged.
+func (h *Handler) LastRecord() *logging.Record {
+	h.store.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.store.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(h.store.records) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	r := h.store.records[len(h.store.records)-1]
+	return &r
+}
+
+// SetDefault makes the process-wide Logger record into a new Handler until the test ends.
+func SetDefault(t testing.TB) *Handler {
+	t.Helper()
+	prev := logging.Default()
+	logger, h := NewLogger()
+	logging.SetDefault(logger)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { logging.SetDefault(prev) })
+	return h
+}

act/common/logging/slog.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package logging
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"slices"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(slogBridge{}))
+}
+
+// slogBridge hands what libraries log through slog's global logger to the process-wide Logger.
+type slogBridge struct {
+	attrs []Attr
+}
+
+func (b slogBridge) Enabled(ctx context.Context, level slog.Level) bool {
+	return Default().h.Enabled(ctx, Level(level))
+}
+
+func (b slogBridge) Handle(ctx context.Context, r slog.Record) error {
+	h := Default().h
+	if len(b.attrs) > 0 {
+		h = h.WithAttrs(b.attrs)
+	}
+	attrs := make([]Attr, 0, r.NumAttrs())
+	r.Attrs(func(a slog.Attr) bool {
+		attrs = append(attrs, fromSlogAttr(a))
+		return true
+	})
+	return h.Handle(ctx, Record{Time: r.Time, Level: Level(r.Level), Message: r.Message, PC: r.PC, Attrs: attrs})
+}
+
+func (b slogBridge) WithAttrs(attrs []slog.Attr) slog.Handler {
+	out := slices.Clone(b.attrs)
+	for _, a := range attrs {
+		out = append(out, fromSlogAttr(a))
+	}
+	return slogBridge{attrs: out}
+}
+
+func (b slogBridge) WithGroup(string) slog.Handler { return b }
+
+func fromSlogAttr(a slog.Attr) Attr {
+	return Attr{Key: a.Key, Value: a.Value.Resolve().Any()}
+}
+
+type slogHandler struct {
+	h slog.Handler
+}
+
+// NewSlogHandler writes to h. Levels map one to one, as Level uses slog's values.
+func NewSlogHandler(h slog.Handler) Handler {
+	return slogHandler{h: h}
+}
+
+func (s slogHandler) Enabled(ctx context.Context, level Level) bool {
+	return s.h.Enabled(ctx, slog.Level(level))
+}
+
+func (s slogHandler) Handle(ctx context.Context, r Record) error {
+	rec := slog.NewRecord(r.Time, slog.Level(r.Level), r.Message, r.PC)
+	rec.AddAttrs(toSlogAttrs(r.Attrs)...)
+	return s.h.Handle(ctx, rec)
+}
+
+func (s slogHandler) WithAttrs(attrs []Attr) Handler {
+	return slogHandler{h: s.h.WithAttrs(toSlogAttrs(attrs))}
+}
+
+func toSlogAttrs(attrs []Attr) []slog.Attr {
+	out := make([]slog.Attr, len(attrs))
+	for i, a := range attrs {
+		out[i] = slog.Any(a.Key, a.Value)
+	}
+	return out
+}

act/common/logging/terminal_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package logging
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/term"
+)
+
+func checkIfTerminal(w io.Writer) bool {
+	if f, ok := w.(*os.File); ok {
+		return term.IsTerminal(int(f.Fd()))
+	}
+	return false
+}

act/common/logging/terminal_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build windows
+
+package logging
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// checkIfTerminal also turns on virtual terminal processing, which the console needs to show colors.
+func checkIfTerminal(w io.Writer) bool {
+	f, ok := w.(*os.File)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	handle := windows.Handle(f.Fd())
+	var mode uint32
+	if err := windows.GetConsoleMode(handle, &mode); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return windows.SetConsoleMode(handle, mode|windows.ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING) == nil
+}

act/common/outbound_ip.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 type interfaceIP struct {
 	net.IP
-	net.Interface
+	Name string
 }
 
 // GetOutboundIP returns an outbound IP address of this machine.
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func GetOutboundIP() net.IP {
 						ip = v.IP
 					}
 					if ip.IsGlobalUnicast() {
-						ips = append(ips, interfaceIP{ip, i})
+						ips = append(ips, interfaceIP{ip, i.Name})
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -59,29 +59,25 @@ func preferredIP(ips []interfaceIP) net.IP {
 		return nil
 	}
 	sort.Slice(ips, func(i, j int) bool {
-		ifi := ips[i].Interface
-		ifj := ips[j].Interface
+		first, second := ips[i], ips[j]
 
 		// ethernet is preferred
-		if vi, vj := strings.HasPrefix(ifi.Name, "e"), strings.HasPrefix(ifj.Name, "e"); vi != vj {
+		if vi, vj := strings.HasPrefix(first.Name, "e"), strings.HasPrefix(second.Name, "e"); vi != vj {
 			return vi
 		}
 
-		ipi := ips[i].IP
-		ipj := ips[j].IP
-
 		// IPv4 is preferred
-		if vi, vj := ipi.To4() != nil, ipj.To4() != nil; vi != vj {
+		if vi, vj := first.To4() != nil, second.To4() != nil; vi != vj {
 			return vi
 		}
 
 		// en0 is preferred to en1
-		if ifi.Name != ifj.Name {
-			return ifi.Name < ifj.Name
+		if first.Name != second.Name {
+			return first.Name < second.Name
 		}
 
 		// fallback
-		return ipi.String() < ipj.String()
+		return first.String() < second.String()
 	})
 	return ips[0].IP
 }

act/container/docker_auth.go

@@ -7,20 +7,33 @@
 package container
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"maps"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/registry"
 )
 
 func LoadDockerAuthConfig(ctx context.Context, image string) (registry.AuthConfig, error) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	// config.LoadDefaultConfigFile panics on nil io.Writer when the config
-	// file is malformed; use config.Load to route errors through the logger.
-	cfg, err := config.Load(config.Dir())
+	cfg, err := loadDockerConfig(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not load docker config: %v", err)
 		return registry.AuthConfig{}, err
@@ -34,32 +47,27 @@ func LoadDockerAuthConfig(ctx context.Context, image string) (registry.AuthConfi
 		}
 	}
 
-	authConfig, err := cfg.GetAuthConfig(registryKey)
+	authConfig, err := cfg.authConfig(ctx, registryKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not get auth config from docker config: %v", err)
 		return registry.AuthConfig{}, err
 	}
 
-	return registry.AuthConfig(authConfig), nil
+	return authConfig, nil
 }
 
 func LoadDockerAuthConfigs(ctx context.Context) map[string]registry.AuthConfig {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	cfg, err := config.Load(config.Dir())
+	cfg, err := loadDockerConfig(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not load docker config: %v", err)
 		return nil
 	}
-	creds, err := cfg.GetAllCredentials()
+	authConfigs, err := cfg.allAuthConfigs(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("Could not get docker auth configs: %v", err)
 		return nil
 	}
-	authConfigs := make(map[string]registry.AuthConfig, len(creds))
-	for k, v := range creds {
-		authConfigs[k] = registry.AuthConfig(v)
-	}
-
 	return authConfigs
 }
 
@@ -69,3 +77,226 @@ func registryAuthConfigKey(domainName string) string {
 	}
 	return domainName
 }
+
+type dockerConfig struct {
+	Auths       map[string]registry.AuthConfig `json:"auths"`
+	CredsStore  string                         `json:"credsStore"`
+	CredHelpers map[string]string              `json:"credHelpers"`
+	env         map[string]registry.AuthConfig // from DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG, nil when unset or unusable
+}
+
+func loadDockerConfig(ctx context.Context) (*dockerConfig, error) {
+	dir := os.Getenv("DOCKER_CONFIG")
+	if dir == "" {
+		home, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+		if home == "" && runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+			if current, err := user.Current(); err == nil {
+				home = current.HomeDir
+			}
+		}
+		dir = filepath.Join(home, ".docker")
+	}
+	cfg := &dockerConfig{}
+	filename := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+	file, err := os.Open(filename)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading config file: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		defer file.Close()
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(file).Decode(cfg); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing config file (%s): %w", filename, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for address, auth := range cfg.Auths {
+		if auth.Auth != "" {
+			if auth.Username, auth.Password, err = decodeAuth(auth.Auth); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing config file (%s): %w", filename, err)
+			}
+		}
+		auth.Auth, auth.ServerAddress = "", address
+		cfg.Auths[address] = auth
+	}
+	if value := os.Getenv("DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG"); value != "" {
+		if cfg.env, err = parseDockerAuthConfigEnv(value); err != nil {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Failed to create credential store from DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func decodeAuth(auth string) (string, string, error) {
+	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(auth)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	username, password, ok := strings.Cut(string(decoded), ":")
+	if !ok || username == "" {
+		return "", "", errors.New("invalid auth configuration file")
+	}
+	return username, strings.Trim(password, "\x00"), nil
+}
+
+func parseDockerAuthConfigEnv(value string) (map[string]registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	var env struct {
+		Auths map[string]struct {
+			Auth string `json:"auth"`
+		} `json:"auths"`
+	}
+	decoder := json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(value))
+	decoder.DisallowUnknownFields()
+	if err := decoder.Decode(&env); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if decoder.More() {
+		return nil, errors.New("DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG does not support more than one JSON object")
+	}
+	auths := make(map[string]registry.AuthConfig, len(env.Auths))
+	for address, entry := range env.Auths {
+		if entry.Auth == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG environment variable is missing key `auth` for %s", address)
+		}
+		username, password, err := decodeAuth(entry.Auth)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		auths[address] = registry.AuthConfig{Username: username, Password: password, ServerAddress: address}
+	}
+	return auths, nil
+}
+
+func (c *dockerConfig) authConfig(ctx context.Context, key string) (registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	if auth, ok := c.env[key]; ok {
+		return auth, nil
+	}
+	helper := c.CredsStore
+	if named, ok := c.CredHelpers[key]; ok {
+		helper = named
+	}
+	if helper == "" {
+		return c.fileAuth(key), nil
+	}
+	auth := c.fileAuth(key)
+	stored, err := helperCredentials(ctx, helper, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return auth, err
+	}
+	auth.Username, auth.Password, auth.IdentityToken, auth.ServerAddress = stored.Username, stored.Password, stored.IdentityToken, stored.ServerAddress
+	return auth, nil
+}
+
+func (c *dockerConfig) fileAuth(key string) registry.AuthConfig {
+	if auth, ok := c.Auths[key]; ok {
+		return auth
+	}
+	for address, auth := range c.Auths {
+		if registryHostname(address) == key {
+			return auth
+		}
+	}
+	return registry.AuthConfig{}
+}
+
+func (c *dockerConfig) allAuthConfigs(ctx context.Context) (map[string]registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	var auths map[string]registry.AuthConfig
+	if c.CredsStore == "" {
+		auths = maps.Clone(c.Auths)
+	} else {
+		var err error
+		if auths, err = c.helperAuthConfigs(ctx); err != nil {
+			if c.env == nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Could not list the credentials of docker-credential-%s: %v", c.CredsStore, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if auths == nil {
+		auths = map[string]registry.AuthConfig{}
+	}
+	maps.Copy(auths, c.env)
+	if c.CredsStore == "" {
+		c.Auths = maps.Clone(auths) // docker's file store holds the DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG entries after listing, and credHelpers set to "" read it
+	}
+	for address := range c.CredHelpers {
+		auth, err := c.authConfig(ctx, registryAuthConfigKey(address))
+		if err != nil {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Failed to get credentials for registry: %s: %v", address, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		auths[address] = auth
+	}
+	return auths, nil
+}
+
+func (c *dockerConfig) helperAuthConfigs(ctx context.Context) (map[string]registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	out, err := runCredentialHelper(ctx, c.CredsStore, "list", "unused")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error listing credentials - err: %w, out: `%s`", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	}
+	var addresses map[string]string
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(out)).Decode(&addresses); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	auths := make(map[string]registry.AuthConfig, len(addresses))
+	for address := range addresses {
+		stored, err := helperCredentials(ctx, c.CredsStore, address)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		auth := c.Auths[address]
+		auth.Username, auth.Password, auth.IdentityToken = stored.Username, stored.Password, stored.IdentityToken
+		if auth.ServerAddress == "" {
+			auth.ServerAddress = stored.ServerAddress
+		}
+		auths[address] = auth
+	}
+	return auths, nil
+}
+
+func helperCredentials(ctx context.Context, helper, address string) (registry.AuthConfig, error) {
+	out, err := runCredentialHelper(ctx, helper, "get", address)
+	if err != nil {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(string(out)) == "credentials not found in native keychain" {
+			return registry.AuthConfig{}, nil
+		}
+		return registry.AuthConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("error getting credentials - err: %w, out: `%s`", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	}
+	var stored struct{ Username, Secret string }
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(out)).Decode(&stored); err != nil {
+		return registry.AuthConfig{}, err
+	}
+	if stored.Username == "<token>" {
+		return registry.AuthConfig{IdentityToken: stored.Secret, ServerAddress: address}, nil
+	}
+	return registry.AuthConfig{Username: stored.Username, Password: stored.Secret, ServerAddress: address}, nil
+}
+
+func runCredentialHelper(ctx context.Context, helper, action, input string) ([]byte, error) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker-credential-"+helper, action)
+	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader(input)
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	return cmd.Output()
+}
+
+func registryHostname(address string) string {
+	if _, rest, ok := strings.Cut(address, "://"); ok {
+		if u, err := url.Parse(address); err == nil && u.Hostname() != "" {
+			if u.Port() == "" {
+				return u.Hostname()
+			}
+			return net.JoinHostPort(u.Hostname(), u.Port())
+		}
+		if host, _, _ := strings.Cut(rest, "/"); host != "" {
+			if colon := strings.LastIndex(host, ":"); strings.Count(host, ":") > 1 && !strings.HasPrefix(host, "[") && isDigits(host[colon+1:]) {
+				return net.JoinHostPort(host[:colon], host[colon+1:])
+			}
+			return host
+		}
+	}
+	host, _, _ := strings.Cut(address, "/")
+	return host
+}
+
+func isDigits(s string) bool {
+	return s != "" && strings.Trim(s, "0123456789") == ""
+}

act/container/docker_auth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !windows && !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/registry"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestLoadDockerAuthConfigFromFileHelpersAndEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "docker-credential-fake"), []byte("#!/bin/sh\nread -r server\n[ \"$1\" = get ] && [ \"$server\" = helper.example.com ] && exec echo '{\"Username\":\"helped\",\"Secret\":\"pw\"}'\necho 'credentials not found in native keychain'\nexit 1\n"), 0o755))
+	t.Setenv("PATH", dir+string(os.PathListSeparator)+os.Getenv("PATH"))
+	auth := func(credentials string) string { return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(credentials)) }
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "config.json"), []byte(`{"auths": {"https://legacy.example.com/v1/": {"auth": "`+auth("legacy:pw")+`"}}, "credHelpers": {"helper.example.com": "fake", "gone.example.com": "fake", "env-legacy.example.com": ""}}`), 0o600))
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_CONFIG", dir)
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG", `{"auths": {"env.example.com": {"auth": "`+auth("env:pw")+`"}, "https://env-legacy.example.com/v1/": {"auth": "`+auth("env:pw")+`"}}}`)
+
+	for image, want := range map[string]registry.AuthConfig{
+		"legacy.example.com/app": {Username: "legacy", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "https://legacy.example.com/v1/"},
+		"helper.example.com/app": {Username: "helped", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "helper.example.com"},
+		"env.example.com/app":    {Username: "env", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "env.example.com"},
+		"gone.example.com/app":   {},
+	} {
+		got, err := LoadDockerAuthConfig(t.Context(), image)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, want, got, image)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]registry.AuthConfig{
+		"https://legacy.example.com/v1/":     {Username: "legacy", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "https://legacy.example.com/v1/"},
+		"helper.example.com":                 {Username: "helped", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "helper.example.com"},
+		"gone.example.com":                   {},
+		"env.example.com":                    {Username: "env", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "env.example.com"},
+		"https://env-legacy.example.com/v1/": {Username: "env", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "https://env-legacy.example.com/v1/"},
+		"env-legacy.example.com":             {Username: "env", Password: "pw", ServerAddress: "https://env-legacy.example.com/v1/"},
+	}, LoadDockerAuthConfigs(t.Context()))
+}

act/container/docker_build.go

@@ -7,15 +7,18 @@
 package container
 
 import (
+	"archive/tar"
 	"context"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 
-	"github.com/moby/go-archive"
-	"github.com/moby/go-archive/compression"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
 	"github.com/moby/patternmatcher"
 	"github.com/moby/patternmatcher/ignorefile"
@@ -43,9 +46,8 @@ func NewDockerBuildExecutor(input NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 
 		logger.Debugf("Building image from '%v'", input.ContextDir)
 
-		tags := []string{input.ImageTag}
 		options := client.ImageBuildOptions{
-			Tags:        tags,
+			Tags:        []string{input.ImageTag},
 			Remove:      true,
 			AuthConfigs: LoadDockerAuthConfigs(ctx),
 			Dockerfile:  input.Dockerfile,
@@ -72,12 +74,10 @@ func NewDockerBuildExecutor(input NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
 
 		logger.Debugf("Creating image from context dir '%s' with tag '%s' and platform '%s'", input.ContextDir, input.ImageTag, input.Platform)
 		resp, err := cli.ImageBuild(ctx, buildContext, options)
-
-		err = logDockerResponse(logger, resp.Body, err != nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		return nil
+		return logDockerResponse(logger, resp.Body, false)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -115,14 +115,140 @@ func createBuildContext(ctx context.Context, contextDir, relDockerfile string) (
 		includes = append(includes, ".dockerignore", relDockerfile)
 	}
 
-	buildCtx, err := archive.TarWithOptions(contextDir, &archive.TarOptions{
-		Compression:     compression.None,
-		ExcludePatterns: excludes,
-		IncludeFiles:    includes,
-	})
+	pm, err := patternmatcher.New(excludes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	return buildCtx, nil
+	reader, writer := io.Pipe()
+	go func() { writer.CloseWithError(writeBuildContext(ctx, writer, contextDir, includes, pm)) }()
+	return reader, nil
 }
+
+func writeBuildContext(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, contextDir string, includes []string, pm *patternmatcher.PatternMatcher) error {
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(w)
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	hardlinks := map[uint64]string{}
+	buffer := make([]byte, 32*1024)
+	for _, include := range includes {
+		include = filepath.FromSlash(include)
+		var parents []parentMatch
+		root := strings.TrimSuffix(contextDir, string(filepath.Separator)) + string(filepath.Separator) + include // unlike filepath.Join, follows a symlinked context dir as docker build does
+		err := filepath.WalkDir(root, func(file string, entry fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+			if err != nil {
+				return leaveOut(ctx, file, err)
+			}
+			rel, err := filepath.Rel(contextDir, file)
+			if err != nil || rel == "." {
+				return nil
+			}
+			if rel != include {
+				for len(parents) > 0 && !strings.HasPrefix(rel, parents[len(parents)-1].dir+string(filepath.Separator)) {
+					parents = parents[:len(parents)-1]
+				}
+				var parentInfo patternmatcher.MatchInfo
+				if len(parents) > 0 {
+					parentInfo = parents[len(parents)-1].info
+				}
+				skip, info, err := pm.MatchesUsingParentResults(rel, parentInfo)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if entry.IsDir() {
+					parents = append(parents, parentMatch{rel, info})
+				}
+				if skip {
+					if entry.IsDir() && !hasExceptionWithin(pm, rel) {
+						return filepath.SkipDir
+					}
+					return nil
+				}
+			}
+			if seen[rel] {
+				return nil
+			}
+			seen[rel] = true
+			return addBuildContextEntry(ctx, tw, file, rel, entry, hardlinks, buffer)
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return tw.Close()
+}
+
+type parentMatch struct {
+	dir  string
+	info patternmatcher.MatchInfo
+}
+
+func hasExceptionWithin(pm *patternmatcher.PatternMatcher, dir string) bool {
+	dirPrefix := dir + string(filepath.Separator)
+	for _, pattern := range pm.Patterns() {
+		if pattern.Exclusion() && strings.HasPrefix(pattern.String()+string(filepath.Separator), dirPrefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func leaveOut(ctx context.Context, file string, err error) error {
+	common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Leaving %s out of the build context: %v", file, err)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func addBuildContextEntry(ctx context.Context, tw *tar.Writer, file, rel string, entry fs.DirEntry, hardlinks map[uint64]string, buffer []byte) error {
+	info, err := entry.Info()
+	if err != nil {
+		return leaveOut(ctx, file, err)
+	}
+	if info.Mode()&fs.ModeSocket != 0 {
+		return nil // tar has no socket type
+	}
+	var link string
+	if info.Mode()&fs.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+		if link, err = os.Readlink(file); err != nil {
+			return leaveOut(ctx, file, err)
+		}
+	}
+	header, err := tar.FileInfoHeader(noNameLookups{info}, link)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	header.Name = filepath.ToSlash(rel)
+	inode, linked := hardlinkInode(info)
+	if target, ok := hardlinks[inode]; linked && ok {
+		header.Typeflag, header.Linkname, header.Size = tar.TypeLink, target, 0
+	}
+	var content *os.File
+	if header.Typeflag == tar.TypeReg && header.Size > 0 {
+		if content, err = os.Open(file); err != nil {
+			return leaveOut(ctx, file, err)
+		}
+		defer content.Close()
+	}
+	if linked && header.Typeflag != tar.TypeLink {
+		hardlinks[inode] = header.Name
+	}
+	if info.IsDir() {
+		header.Name += "/"
+	}
+	header.Format = tar.FormatPAX
+	header.ModTime = header.ModTime.Truncate(time.Second)
+	header.AccessTime, header.ChangeTime = time.Time{}, time.Time{}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		header.Mode = header.Mode&0o755 | 0o111 // Windows has no exec bit, so mark everything executable like docker build
+	}
+	if err := tw.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if content != nil {
+		_, err = io.CopyBuffer(tw, struct{ io.Reader }{content}, buffer) // hides os.File's WriteTo, which would allocate a buffer per file
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+type noNameLookups struct{ fs.FileInfo } // leaves Uname and Gname empty like docker build, so packing never waits on NSS
+
+func (noNameLookups) Uname() (string, error) { return "", nil }
+
+func (noNameLookups) Gname() (string, error) { return "", nil }

act/container/docker_build_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestDockerBuildReportsDaemonError(t *testing.T) {
+	daemon := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		writer.Header().Set("API-Version", "1.47")
+		if strings.HasSuffix(request.URL.Path, "/build") {
+			writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, `{"message":"build rejected"}`)
+		}
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(daemon.Close)
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", daemon.URL)
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_CONFIG", t.TempDir())
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG", "")
+
+	require.ErrorContains(t, NewDockerBuildExecutor(NewDockerBuildExecutorInput{
+		ImageTag: "action:test", Dockerfile: "Dockerfile", BuildContext: strings.NewReader(""),
+	})(t.Context()), "build rejected")
+}
+
+func TestCreateBuildContextFollowsDockerignoreAndSymlinkedRootButKeepsDockerfile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	for name, content := range map[string]string{
+		".dockerignore": "*.log\nbuild\n!build/keep.txt\nDockerfile", "Dockerfile": "FROM scratch", "a.txt": "a",
+		"a.log": "log", "build/drop.txt": "drop", "build/keep.txt": "keep",
+	} {
+		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dir, filepath.Dir(name)), 0o755))
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, name), []byte(content), 0o644))
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(dir, "empty"), 0o755))
+
+	contexts := []string{dir}
+	if link := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "link"); os.Symlink(dir, link) == nil {
+		contexts = append(contexts, link+string(filepath.Separator))
+	}
+
+	for _, contextDir := range contexts {
+		buildContext, err := createBuildContext(t.Context(), contextDir, "Dockerfile")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		var names []string
+		for reader := tar.NewReader(buildContext); ; {
+			header, err := reader.Next()
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				break
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			names = append(names, header.Name)
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, buildContext.Close())
+		require.Equal(t, []string{".dockerignore", "a.txt", "build/keep.txt", "empty/", "Dockerfile"}, names, contextDir)
+	}
+}

act/container/docker_build_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER && (linux || darwin || netbsd)
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func hardlinkInode(info fs.FileInfo) (uint64, bool) {
+	if stat, ok := info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); ok && !info.IsDir() && stat.Nlink > 1 {
+		return stat.Ino, true
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}

act/container/docker_build_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER && (linux || darwin || netbsd)
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestCreateBuildContextKeepsHardlinkedSpecialFilesLinked(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, syscall.Mkfifo(filepath.Join(dir, "first"), 0o644))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Link(filepath.Join(dir, "first"), filepath.Join(dir, "second")))
+
+	buildContext, err := createBuildContext(t.Context(), dir, "Dockerfile")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer buildContext.Close()
+	reader := tar.NewReader(buildContext)
+	first, err := reader.Next()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, byte(tar.TypeFifo), first.Typeflag)
+	second, err := reader.Next()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, byte(tar.TypeLink), second.Typeflag)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.Name, second.Linkname)
+}

act/container/docker_build_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER
+
+package container
+
+import "io/fs"
+
+func hardlinkInode(_info fs.FileInfo) (uint64, bool) { return 0, false }

act/container/docker_cli.go

@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 
 //go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
 
-// This file is exact copy of https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/4a63305d74332de5ceba7fcbccbc3cbb7412f5ba/cli/command/container/opts.go with:
+// This file is based on https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/4a63305d74332de5ceba7fcbccbc3cbb7412f5ba/cli/command/container/opts.go with:
 // * appended with license information
-// * regexp and loader.ParseVolume in place of the import-restricted internal/lazyregexp and internal/volumespec
+// * regexp and ParseVolume in place of the import-restricted internal/lazyregexp and internal/volumespec
+// * cdiDeviceName in place of the container-device-interface parser's IsQualifiedName
 // * jsontext in place of json.Compact for the seccomp profile
-// * invalidParameter from the package's errors.go, and convertPortSet/convertPortMap for the callers in docker_run.go
+// * invalidParameter from the package's errors.go, and convertPortSet/convertPortMap for nat port types
 //
 // docker/cli is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 // See DOCKER_LICENSE for the full license text.
@@ -33,14 +34,12 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/loader"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/network"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
-	cdi "tags.cncf.io/container-device-interface/pkg/parser"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -155,9 +154,6 @@ type containerOptions struct {
 	init                bool
 	umask               opts.UmaskOpt
 	annotations         *opts.MapOpts
-
-	Image string
-	Args  []string
 }
 
 // addFlags adds all command line flags that will be used by parse to the FlagSet
@@ -388,7 +384,7 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 	volumes := copts.volumes.GetMap()
 	// add any bind targets to the list of container volumes
 	for bind := range volumes {
-		parsed, err := loader.ParseVolume(bind)
+		parsed, err := ParseVolume(bind)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -396,7 +392,7 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 		if parsed.Source != "" {
 			toBind := bind
 
-			if parsed.Type == string(mount.TypeBind) {
+			if parsed.Type == mount.TypeBind {
 				if hostPart, targetPath, ok := strings.Cut(bind, ":"); ok {
 					if !filepath.IsAbs(hostPart) && strings.HasPrefix(hostPart, ".") {
 						if absHostPart, err := filepath.Abs(hostPart); err == nil {
@@ -423,12 +419,7 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 		tmpfs[k] = v
 	}
 
-	var runCmd, entrypoint []string
-
-	if len(copts.Args) > 0 {
-		runCmd = copts.Args
-	}
-
+	var entrypoint []string
 	if copts.entrypoint != "" {
 		entrypoint = []string{copts.entrypoint}
 	} else if flags.Changed("entrypoint") {
@@ -449,36 +440,15 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	portBindings := network.PortMap{}
-	for port, bindings := range natPortBindings {
-		p, err := network.ParsePort(string(port))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		portBindings[p] = []network.PortBinding{}
-		for _, b := range bindings {
-			var hostIP netip.Addr
-			if b.HostIP != "" {
-				hostIP, err = netip.ParseAddr(b.HostIP)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-			}
-			portBindings[p] = append(portBindings[p], network.PortBinding{
-				HostIP:   hostIP,
-				HostPort: b.HostPort,
-			})
-		}
+	portBindings, err := convertPortMap(natPortBindings)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Add published ports as exposed ports.
-	exposedPorts := network.PortSet{}
-	for port := range ports {
-		p, err := network.ParsePort(string(port))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		exposedPorts[p] = struct{}{}
+	exposedPorts, err := convertPortSet(ports)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Merge in exposed ports to the map of published ports
@@ -504,7 +474,7 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 	deviceMappings := make([]container.DeviceMapping, 0, len(devices))
 	cdiDeviceNames := make([]string, 0, len(devices))
 	for _, device := range devices {
-		if cdi.IsQualifiedName(device) {
+		if cdiDeviceName.MatchString(device) {
 			cdiDeviceNames = append(cdiDeviceNames, device)
 			continue
 		}
@@ -619,11 +589,10 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 
 	deviceRequests := copts.gpus.Value()
 	if len(cdiDeviceNames) > 0 {
-		cdiDeviceRequest := container.DeviceRequest{
+		deviceRequests = append(deviceRequests, container.DeviceRequest{
 			Driver:    "cdi",
 			DeviceIDs: cdiDeviceNames,
-		}
-		deviceRequests = append(deviceRequests, cdiDeviceRequest)
+		})
 	}
 
 	resources := container.Resources{
@@ -669,8 +638,6 @@ func parse(flags *pflag.FlagSet, copts *containerOptions, serverOS string) (*con
 		AttachStdout: attachStdout,
 		AttachStderr: attachStderr,
 		Env:          envVariables,
-		Cmd:          runCmd,
-		Image:        copts.Image,
 		Volumes:      volumes,
 		Entrypoint:   entrypoint,
 		WorkingDir:   copts.workingDir,
@@ -811,10 +778,8 @@ func parseNetworkOpts(copts *containerOptions) (map[string]*network.EndpointSett
 		// For backward compatibility: if no custom options are provided for the network,
 		// and only a single network is specified, omit the endpoint-configuration
 		// on the client (the daemon will still create it when creating the container)
-		if i == 0 && len(copts.netMode.Value()) == 1 {
-			if ep == nil || reflect.ValueOf(*ep).IsZero() {
-				continue
-			}
+		if i == 0 && len(copts.netMode.Value()) == 1 && reflect.ValueOf(*ep).IsZero() {
+			continue
 		}
 		endpoints[n.Target] = ep
 	}
@@ -845,14 +810,12 @@ func applyContainerOptions(n *opts.NetworkAttachmentOpts, copts *containerOption
 		return invalidParameter(errors.New("conflicting options: cannot specify both --link-local-ip and per-network link-local IP addresses"))
 	}
 	if copts.aliases.Len() > 0 {
-		n.Aliases = make([]string, copts.aliases.Len())
-		copy(n.Aliases, copts.aliases.GetSlice())
+		n.Aliases = slices.Clone(copts.aliases.GetSlice())
 	}
 	// For a user-defined network, "--link" is an endpoint option, it creates an alias. But,
 	// for the default bridge it defines a legacy-link.
 	if container.NetworkMode(n.Target).IsUserDefined() && copts.links.Len() > 0 {
-		n.Links = make([]string, copts.links.Len())
-		copy(n.Links, copts.links.GetSlice())
+		n.Links = slices.Clone(copts.links.GetSlice())
 	}
 	if copts.ipv4Address != nil {
 		if ipv4, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(copts.ipv4Address.To4()); ok {
@@ -891,7 +854,6 @@ func parseNetworkAttachmentOpt(ep opts.NetworkAttachmentOpts) (*network.Endpoint
 	}
 	epConfig.Aliases = append(epConfig.Aliases, ep.Aliases...)
 	if len(ep.DriverOpts) > 0 {
-		epConfig.DriverOpts = make(map[string]string)
 		epConfig.DriverOpts = ep.DriverOpts
 	}
 	if len(ep.Links) > 0 {
@@ -935,11 +897,10 @@ func convertToStandardNotation(ports []string) ([]string, error) {
 }
 
 func parseLoggingOpts(loggingDriver string, loggingOpts []string) (map[string]string, error) {
-	loggingOptsMap := opts.ConvertKVStringsToMap(loggingOpts)
 	if loggingDriver == "none" && len(loggingOpts) > 0 {
 		return map[string]string{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid logging opts for driver %s", loggingDriver)
 	}
-	return loggingOptsMap, nil
+	return opts.ConvertKVStringsToMap(loggingOpts), nil
 }
 
 // takes a local seccomp daemon, reads the file contents for sending to the daemon
@@ -1197,6 +1158,8 @@ func convertPortSet(ports nat.PortSet) (network.PortSet, error) {
 	return converted, nil
 }
 
+var cdiDeviceName = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z]([a-zA-Z0-9_.-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?/[a-zA-Z]([a-zA-Z0-9_.-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?=[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9_.:-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?$`)
+
 func convertPortMap(bindings nat.PortMap) (network.PortMap, error) {
 	converted := make(network.PortMap, len(bindings))
 	for port, portBindings := range bindings {

act/container/docker_cli_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Copyright 2022 The nektos/act Authors. All rights reserved.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
-// This file is exact copy of https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/4a63305d74332de5ceba7fcbccbc3cbb7412f5ba/cli/command/container/opts_test.go with:
+// This file is based on https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/4a63305d74332de5ceba7fcbccbc3cbb7412f5ba/cli/command/container/opts_test.go with:
 // * appended with license information
 // * added tests for the locally changed parseDevice, validateDevice and invalidParameter
 //
@@ -25,13 +25,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp/cmpopts"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
 	networktypes "github.com/moby/moby/api/types/network"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
-	"gotest.tools/v3/assert"
-	is "gotest.tools/v3/assert/cmp"
-	"gotest.tools/v3/skip"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func mustParseMAC(s string) networktypes.HardwareAddr {
@@ -71,7 +69,6 @@ func parseRun(args []string) (*container.Config, *container.HostConfig, *network
 	if err := flags.Parse(args); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
-	// TODO(dnephin): fix tests to accept ContainerConfig; see https://github.com/moby/moby/pull/31621
 	containerCfg, err := parse(flags, copts, runtime.GOOS)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
@@ -83,14 +80,13 @@ func setupRunFlags() (*pflag.FlagSet, *containerOptions) {
 	flags := pflag.NewFlagSet("run", pflag.ContinueOnError)
 	flags.SetOutput(io.Discard)
 	flags.Usage = nil
-	copts := addFlags(flags)
-	return flags, copts
+	return flags, addFlags(flags)
 }
 
 func mustParse(t *testing.T, args string) (*container.Config, *container.HostConfig, *networktypes.NetworkingConfig) {
 	t.Helper()
-	config, hostConfig, nwConfig, err := parseRun(append(strings.Split(args, " "), "ubuntu", "bash"))
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	config, hostConfig, nwConfig, err := parseRun(strings.Split(args, " "))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return config, hostConfig, nwConfig
 }
 
@@ -156,12 +152,12 @@ func TestParseRunLinks(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			_, hostConfig, netConfig := mustParse(t, tc.input)
-			assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(hostConfig.Links, tc.expHostConfigLinks))
-			assert.Check(t, is.Len(netConfig.EndpointsConfig, len(tc.expNetConfigLinks)))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expHostConfigLinks, hostConfig.Links)
+			assert.Len(t, netConfig.EndpointsConfig, len(tc.expNetConfigLinks))
 			for netName, expLinks := range tc.expNetConfigLinks {
 				nc, ok := netConfig.EndpointsConfig[netName]
-				assert.Assert(t, ok)
-				assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(nc.Links, expLinks))
+				require.True(t, ok)
+				assert.Equal(t, expLinks, nc.Links)
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -169,65 +165,33 @@ func TestParseRunLinks(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestParseRunWithoutUmask(t *testing.T) {
 	_, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"ubuntu", "bash"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
-	assert.Assert(t, hostConfig.Umask == nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, hostConfig.Umask)
 }
 
 func TestParseRunUmask(t *testing.T) {
 	_, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--umask", "0022", "ubuntu", "bash"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
-	assert.Assert(t, hostConfig.Umask != nil)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(0o22), *hostConfig.Umask)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, hostConfig.Umask)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(0o22), *hostConfig.Umask)
 }
 
 func TestParseRunAttach(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		input    string
-		expected container.Config
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		input                 string
+		stdin, stdout, stderr bool
 	}{
-		{
-			input: "",
-			expected: container.Config{
-				AttachStdout: true,
-				AttachStderr: true,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			input: "-i",
-			expected: container.Config{
-				AttachStdin:  true,
-				AttachStdout: true,
-				AttachStderr: true,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			input: "-a stdin",
-			expected: container.Config{
-				AttachStdin: true,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			input: "-a stdin -a stdout",
-			expected: container.Config{
-				AttachStdin:  true,
-				AttachStdout: true,
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			input: "-a stdin -a stdout -a stderr",
-			expected: container.Config{
-				AttachStdin:  true,
-				AttachStdout: true,
-				AttachStderr: true,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range tests {
+		{"", false, true, true},
+		{"-i", true, true, true},
+		{"-a stdin", true, false, false},
+		{"-a stdin -a stdout", true, true, false},
+		{"-a stdin -a stdout -a stderr", true, true, true},
+	} {
 		t.Run(tc.input, func(t *testing.T) {
 			config, _, _ := mustParse(t, tc.input)
-			assert.Equal(t, config.AttachStdin, tc.expected.AttachStdin)
-			assert.Equal(t, config.AttachStdout, tc.expected.AttachStdout)
-			assert.Equal(t, config.AttachStderr, tc.expected.AttachStderr)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.stdin, config.AttachStdin)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.stdout, config.AttachStdout)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.stderr, config.AttachStderr)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -273,109 +237,52 @@ func TestParseRunWithInvalidArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	flags, _ := setupRunFlags()
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(strings.Join(tc.args, " "), func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.Error(t, flags.Parse(tc.args), tc.error)
+			require.EqualError(t, flags.Parse(tc.args), tc.error)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func TestParseWithVolumes(t *testing.T) { //nolint:gocyclo // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
-	// A single volume
-	arr, tryit := setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/tmp`}, []string{`c:\tmp`})
-	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q should not mount-bind anything. Received %v", tryit, hostConfig.Binds)
-	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[0]]; !exists {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q is missing from volumes. Received %v", tryit, config.Volumes)
-	}
-
-	// Two volumes
-	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/tmp`, `/var`}, []string{`c:\tmp`, `c:\var`})
-	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q should not mount-bind anything. Received %v", tryit, hostConfig.Binds)
-	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[0]]; !exists {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %s is missing from volumes. Received %v", arr[0], config.Volumes)
-	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[1]]; !exists {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %s is missing from volumes. Received %v", arr[1], config.Volumes)
-	}
-
-	// A single bind mount
-	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`})
-	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %q should mount-bind the path before the colon into the path after the colon. Received %v %v", arr[0], hostConfig.Binds, config.Volumes)
-	}
-
-	// Two bind mounts.
-	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`, `/hostVar:/containerVar`}, []string{os.Getenv("ProgramData") + `:c:\ContainerPD`, os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`})
-	if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
-	}
-
-	// Two bind mounts, first read-only, second read-write.
-	// TODO Windows: The Windows version uses read-write as that's the only mode it supports. Can change this post TP4
-	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume(
-		[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:ro`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:rw`},
-		[]string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp:rw`, os.Getenv("ProgramData") + `:c:\ContainerPD:rw`})
-	if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
-	}
-
-	// Similar to previous test but with alternate modes which are only supported by Linux
-	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
-		arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:ro,Z`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:rw,Z`}, []string{})
-		if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
+func TestParseWithVolumes(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		unix, windows []string
+		binds         int
+	}{
+		{[]string{`/tmp`}, []string{`c:\tmp`}, 0},
+		{[]string{`/tmp`, `/var`}, []string{`c:\tmp`, `c:\var`}, 0},
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`}, 1},
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`, `/hostVar:/containerVar`}, []string{os.Getenv("ProgramData") + `:c:\ContainerPD`, os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`}, 2},
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:ro`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:rw`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp:rw`, os.Getenv("ProgramData") + `:c:\ContainerPD:rw`}, 2},
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:ro,Z`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:rw,Z`}, nil, 2},
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:Z`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:z`}, nil, 2},
+		{[]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`, `/containerVar`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`, `c:\containerTmp`}, 1},
+		{nil, []string{os.Getenv("SystemDrive") + `\:d:`}, 1},
+	} {
+		volumes := tc.unix
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			volumes = tc.windows
 		}
-
-		arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp:Z`, `/hostVar:/containerVar:z`}, []string{})
-		if _, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || compareRandomizedStrings(hostConfig.Binds[0], hostConfig.Binds[1], arr[0], arr[1]) != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, `%s and %s` did not mount-bind correctly. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], hostConfig.Binds)
+		if len(volumes) == 0 {
+			continue
 		}
+		t.Run(strings.Join(volumes, ","), func(t *testing.T) {
+			var args []string
+			for _, volume := range volumes {
+				args = append(args, "-v", volume)
+			}
+			config, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun(args)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			if tc.binds == 0 {
+				assert.Nil(t, hostConfig.Binds)
+			} else {
+				assert.ElementsMatch(t, volumes[:tc.binds], hostConfig.Binds)
+			}
+			expectedVolumes := map[string]struct{}{}
+			for _, volume := range volumes[tc.binds:] {
+				expectedVolumes[volume] = struct{}{}
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, expectedVolumes, config.Volumes)
+		})
 	}
-
-	// One bind mount and one volume
-	arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{`/hostTmp:/containerTmp`, `/containerVar`}, []string{os.Getenv("TEMP") + `:c:\containerTmp`, `c:\containerTmp`})
-	if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || len(hostConfig.Binds) > 1 || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags, %s and %s should only one and only one bind mount %s. Received %s", arr[0], arr[1], arr[0], hostConfig.Binds)
-	} else if _, exists := config.Volumes[arr[1]]; !exists {
-		t.Fatalf("Error parsing volume flags %s and %s. %s is missing from volumes. Received %v", arr[0], arr[1], arr[1], config.Volumes)
-	}
-
-	// Root to non-c: drive letter (Windows specific)
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		arr, tryit = setupPlatformVolume([]string{}, []string{os.Getenv("SystemDrive") + `\:d:`})
-		if config, hostConfig, _ := mustParse(t, tryit); hostConfig.Binds == nil || len(hostConfig.Binds) > 1 || hostConfig.Binds[0] != arr[0] || len(config.Volumes) != 0 {
-			t.Fatalf("Error parsing %s. Should have a single bind mount and no volumes", arr[0])
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// setupPlatformVolume takes two arrays of volume specs - a Unix style
-// spec and a Windows style spec. Depending on the platform being unit tested,
-// it returns one of them, along with a volume string that would be passed
-// on the docker CLI (e.g. -v /bar -v /foo).
-func setupPlatformVolume(u, w []string) ([]string, string) {
-	var a []string
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		a = w
-	} else {
-		a = u
-	}
-	s := ""
-	for _, v := range a {
-		s = s + "-v " + v + " "
-	}
-	return a, s
-}
-
-// check if (a == c && b == d) || (a == d && b == c)
-// because maps are randomized
-func compareRandomizedStrings(a, b, c, d string) error {
-	if a == c && b == d {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if a == d && b == c {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return errors.New("strings don't match")
 }
 
 // Simple parse with MacAddress validation
@@ -396,66 +303,49 @@ func TestRunFlagsParseWithMemory(t *testing.T) {
 	flags, _ := setupRunFlags()
 	args := []string{"--memory=invalid", "img", "cmd"}
 	err := flags.Parse(args)
-	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, `invalid argument "invalid" for "-m, --memory" flag`)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, `invalid argument "invalid" for "-m, --memory" flag`)
 
 	_, hostconfig, _ := mustParse(t, "--memory=1G")
-	assert.Check(t, is.Equal(int64(1073741824), hostconfig.Memory))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1073741824), hostconfig.Memory)
 }
 
 func TestParseWithMemorySwap(t *testing.T) {
 	flags, _ := setupRunFlags()
 	args := []string{"--memory-swap=invalid", "img", "cmd"}
 	err := flags.Parse(args)
-	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, `invalid argument "invalid" for "--memory-swap" flag`)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, `invalid argument "invalid" for "--memory-swap" flag`)
 
 	_, hostconfig, _ := mustParse(t, "--memory-swap=1G")
-	assert.Check(t, is.Equal(int64(1073741824), hostconfig.MemorySwap))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1073741824), hostconfig.MemorySwap)
 
 	_, hostconfig, _ = mustParse(t, "--memory-swap=-1")
-	assert.Check(t, is.Equal(int64(-1), hostconfig.MemorySwap))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(-1), hostconfig.MemorySwap)
 }
 
 func TestParseHostname(t *testing.T) {
-	validHostnames := map[string]string{
-		"hostname":    "hostname",
-		"host-name":   "host-name",
-		"hostname123": "hostname123",
-		"123hostname": "123hostname",
-		"hostname-of-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-error": "hostname-of-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-error",
-	}
-	hostnameWithDomain := "--hostname=hostname.domainname"
-	hostnameWithDomainTld := "--hostname=hostname.domainname.tld"
-	for hostname, expectedHostname := range validHostnames {
-		if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname="+hostname); config.Hostname != expectedHostname {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as %q, got %q", expectedHostname, config.Hostname)
-		}
-	}
-	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, hostnameWithDomain); config.Hostname != "hostname.domainname" || config.Domainname != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as hostname.domainname, got %q", config.Hostname)
-	}
-	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, hostnameWithDomainTld); config.Hostname != "hostname.domainname.tld" || config.Domainname != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as hostname.domainname.tld, got %q", config.Hostname)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestParseHostnameDomainname(t *testing.T) {
-	validDomainnames := map[string]string{
-		"domainname":    "domainname",
-		"domain-name":   "domain-name",
-		"domainname123": "domainname123",
-		"123domainname": "123domainname",
-		"domainname-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-errors": "domainname-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-errors",
-	}
-	for domainname, expectedDomainname := range validDomainnames {
-		if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--domainname="+domainname); config.Domainname != expectedDomainname {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'domainname' as %q, got %q", expectedDomainname, config.Domainname)
-		}
-	}
-	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname=some.prefix --domainname=domainname"); config.Hostname != "some.prefix" || config.Domainname != "domainname" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as 'some.prefix' and 'domainname' as 'domainname', got %q and %q", config.Hostname, config.Domainname)
-	}
-	if config, _, _ := mustParse(t, "--hostname=another-prefix --domainname=domainname.tld"); config.Hostname != "another-prefix" || config.Domainname != "domainname.tld" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected the config to have 'hostname' as 'another-prefix' and 'domainname' as 'domainname.tld', got %q and %q", config.Hostname, config.Domainname)
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		input, hostname, domainname string
+	}{
+		{"--hostname=hostname", "hostname", ""},
+		{"--hostname=host-name", "host-name", ""},
+		{"--hostname=hostname123", "hostname123", ""},
+		{"--hostname=123hostname", "123hostname", ""},
+		{"--hostname=hostname-of-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-error", "hostname-of-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-error", ""},
+		{"--hostname=hostname.domainname", "hostname.domainname", ""},
+		{"--hostname=hostname.domainname.tld", "hostname.domainname.tld", ""},
+		{"--domainname=domainname", "", "domainname"},
+		{"--domainname=domain-name", "", "domain-name"},
+		{"--domainname=domainname123", "", "domainname123"},
+		{"--domainname=123domainname", "", "123domainname"},
+		{"--domainname=domainname-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-errors", "", "domainname-63-bytes-long-should-be-valid-and-without-any-errors"},
+		{"--hostname=some.prefix --domainname=domainname", "some.prefix", "domainname"},
+		{"--hostname=another-prefix --domainname=domainname.tld", "another-prefix", "domainname.tld"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			config, _, _ := mustParse(t, tc.input)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.hostname, config.Hostname)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.domainname, config.Domainname)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -474,7 +364,7 @@ func TestParseWithExpose(t *testing.T) {
 		for expose, expectedError := range tests {
 			t.Run(expose, func(t *testing.T) {
 				_, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--expose=%v", expose), "img", "cmd"})
-				assert.Error(t, err, expectedError)
+				require.EqualError(t, err, expectedError)
 			})
 		}
 	})
@@ -489,30 +379,38 @@ func TestParseWithExpose(t *testing.T) {
 		for expose, exposedPorts := range tests {
 			t.Run(expose, func(t *testing.T) {
 				config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{fmt.Sprintf("--expose=%v", expose), "img", "cmd"})
-				assert.NilError(t, err)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
 				for _, port := range exposedPorts {
 					_, ok := config.ExposedPorts[port]
-					assert.Check(t, ok, "missing port %q in exposed ports: %#+v", port, config.ExposedPorts[port])
+					assert.True(t, ok, "missing port %q in exposed ports: %#+v", port, config.ExposedPorts[port])
 				}
 			})
 		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("merge with published", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Merge with actual published port
-		config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--publish=80", "--expose=80-81/tcp", "img", "cmd"})
-		assert.NilError(t, err)
-		assert.Check(t, is.Len(config.ExposedPorts, 2))
+		config, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--publish=80", "--publish=127.0.0.1:8080:80", "--publish=[::1]:8081:80", "--expose=80-81/tcp"})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, networktypes.PortMap{
+			networktypes.MustParsePort("80/tcp"): {
+				{},
+				{HostIP: netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1"), HostPort: "8080"},
+				{HostIP: netip.MustParseAddr("::1"), HostPort: "8081"},
+			},
+		}, hostConfig.PortBindings)
+		assert.Len(t, config.ExposedPorts, 2)
 		ports := []networktypes.Port{networktypes.MustParsePort("80/tcp"), networktypes.MustParsePort("81/tcp")}
 		for _, port := range ports {
 			_, ok := config.ExposedPorts[port]
-			assert.Check(t, ok, "missing port %q in exposed ports: %#+v", port, config.ExposedPorts[port])
+			assert.True(t, ok, "missing port %q in exposed ports: %#+v", port, config.ExposedPorts[port])
 		}
 	})
 }
 
 func TestParseDevice(t *testing.T) {
-	skip.If(t, runtime.GOOS != "linux") // Windows and macOS validate server-side
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		t.Skip("Windows and macOS validate server-side")
+	}
 	testCases := []struct {
 		devices        []string
 		deviceMapping  *container.DeviceMapping
@@ -586,17 +484,17 @@ func TestParseDevice(t *testing.T) {
 
 			_, hostconfig, _, err := parseRun(args)
 
-			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			if tc.deviceMapping != nil {
-				if assert.Check(t, is.Len(hostconfig.Devices, 1)) {
-					assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(*tc.deviceMapping, hostconfig.Devices[0]))
+				if assert.Len(t, hostconfig.Devices, 1) {
+					assert.Equal(t, *tc.deviceMapping, hostconfig.Devices[0])
 				}
 			} else {
-				assert.Check(t, is.Len(hostconfig.Devices, 0))
+				assert.Empty(t, hostconfig.Devices)
 			}
 
-			assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(tc.deviceRequests, hostconfig.DeviceRequests))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.deviceRequests, hostconfig.DeviceRequests)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -665,11 +563,11 @@ func TestParseDeviceByServerOS(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			got, err := parseDevice(tc.device, tc.serverOS)
 			if tc.wantErr != "" {
-				assert.Error(t, err, tc.wantErr)
+				require.EqualError(t, err, tc.wantErr)
 				return
 			}
-			assert.NilError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, got, tc.want)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.want, got)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -848,13 +746,13 @@ func TestParseNetworkConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			_, hConfig, nwConfig, err := parseRun(tc.flags)
 
 			if tc.expectedErr != "" {
-				assert.Error(t, err, tc.expectedErr)
+				require.EqualError(t, err, tc.expectedErr)
 				return
 			}
 
-			assert.NilError(t, err)
-			assert.DeepEqual(t, hConfig.NetworkMode, tc.expectedHostCfg.NetworkMode)
-			assert.DeepEqual(t, nwConfig.EndpointsConfig, tc.expected, cmpopts.EquateComparable(netip.Addr{}))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expectedHostCfg.NetworkMode, hConfig.NetworkMode)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expected, nwConfig.EndpointsConfig)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -863,24 +761,24 @@ func TestParseModes(t *testing.T) {
 	// pid ko
 	flags, copts := setupRunFlags()
 	args := []string{"--pid=container:", "img", "cmd"}
-	assert.NilError(t, flags.Parse(args))
+	require.NoError(t, flags.Parse(args))
 	_, err := parse(flags, copts, runtime.GOOS)
-	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "--pid: invalid PID mode")
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "--pid: invalid PID mode")
 
 	// pid ok
 	_, hostconfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--pid=host", "img", "cmd"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if !hostconfig.PidMode.Valid() {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected a valid PidMode, got %v", hostconfig.PidMode)
 	}
 
 	// uts ko
 	_, _, _, err = parseRun([]string{"--uts=container:", "img", "cmd"}) //nolint:dogsled // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
-	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "--uts: invalid UTS mode")
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "--uts: invalid UTS mode")
 
 	// uts ok
 	_, hostconfig, _, err = parseRun([]string{"--uts=host", "img", "cmd"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if !hostconfig.UTSMode.Valid() {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected a valid UTSMode, got %v", hostconfig.UTSMode)
 	}
@@ -892,11 +790,11 @@ func TestRunFlagsParseShmSize(t *testing.T) {
 	args := []string{"--shm-size=a128m", "img", "cmd"}
 	expectedErr := `invalid argument "a128m" for "--shm-size" flag:`
 	err := flags.Parse(args)
-	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, expectedErr)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, expectedErr)
 
 	// shm-size ok
 	_, hostconfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--shm-size=128m", "img", "cmd"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	if hostconfig.ShmSize != 134217728 {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected a valid ShmSize, got %d", hostconfig.ShmSize)
 	}
@@ -967,11 +865,11 @@ func TestParseRestartPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.input, func(t *testing.T) {
 			_, hostConfig, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--restart=" + tc.input, "img", "cmd"})
 			if tc.expectedErr != "" {
-				assert.Check(t, is.Error(err, tc.expectedErr))
-				assert.Check(t, is.Nil(hostConfig))
+				assert.Nil(t, hostConfig)
+				assert.EqualError(t, err, tc.expectedErr)
 			} else {
-				assert.NilError(t, err)
-				assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(hostConfig.RestartPolicy, tc.expected))
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.expected, hostConfig.RestartPolicy)
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -980,45 +878,33 @@ func TestParseRestartPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 func TestParseRestartPolicyAutoRemove(t *testing.T) {
 	_, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--rm", "--restart=always", "img", "cmd"}) //nolint:dogsled // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
 	const expected = "conflicting options: cannot specify both --restart and --rm"
-	assert.Check(t, is.Error(err, expected))
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, expected)
 }
 
 func TestParseHealth(t *testing.T) {
-	checkOk := func(args ...string) *container.HealthConfig {
-		config, _, _, err := parseRun(args)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("%#v: %v", args, err)
-		}
-		return config.Healthcheck
-	}
-	checkError := func(expected string, args ...string) {
-		config, _, _, err := parseRun(args)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected error, but got %#v", config)
-		}
-		if err.Error() != expected {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected %#v, got %#v", expected, err)
-		}
-	}
-	health := checkOk("--no-healthcheck", "img", "cmd")
-	if health == nil || len(health.Test) != 1 || health.Test[0] != "NONE" {
-		t.Fatalf("--no-healthcheck failed: %#v", health)
-	}
-
-	health = checkOk("--health-cmd=/check.sh -q", "img", "cmd")
-	if len(health.Test) != 2 || health.Test[0] != "CMD-SHELL" || health.Test[1] != "/check.sh -q" {
-		t.Fatalf("--health-cmd: got %#v", health.Test)
-	}
-	if health.Timeout != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("--health-cmd: timeout = %s", health.Timeout)
-	}
-
-	checkError("--no-healthcheck conflicts with --health-* options",
-		"--no-healthcheck", "--health-cmd=/check.sh -q", "img", "cmd")
-
-	health = checkOk("--health-timeout=2s", "--health-retries=3", "--health-interval=4.5s", "--health-start-period=5s", "--health-start-interval=1s", "img", "cmd")
-	if health.Timeout != 2*time.Second || health.Retries != 3 || health.Interval != 4500*time.Millisecond || health.StartPeriod != 5*time.Second || health.StartInterval != 1*time.Second {
-		t.Fatalf("--health-*: got %#v", health)
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		args     []string
+		expected *container.HealthConfig
+		wantErr  string
+	}{
+		{[]string{"--no-healthcheck", "img", "cmd"}, &container.HealthConfig{Test: []string{"NONE"}}, ""},
+		{[]string{"--health-cmd=/check.sh -q", "img", "cmd"}, &container.HealthConfig{Test: []string{"CMD-SHELL", "/check.sh -q"}}, ""},
+		{[]string{"--no-healthcheck", "--health-cmd=/check.sh -q", "img", "cmd"}, nil, "--no-healthcheck conflicts with --health-* options"},
+		{
+			[]string{"--health-timeout=2s", "--health-retries=3", "--health-interval=4.5s", "--health-start-period=5s", "--health-start-interval=1s", "img", "cmd"},
+			&container.HealthConfig{Timeout: 2 * time.Second, Retries: 3, Interval: 4500 * time.Millisecond, StartPeriod: 5 * time.Second, StartInterval: time.Second},
+			"",
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(strings.Join(tc.args, " "), func(t *testing.T) {
+			config, _, _, err := parseRun(tc.args)
+			if tc.wantErr != "" {
+				require.EqualError(t, err, tc.wantErr)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, tc.expected, config.Healthcheck)
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1037,93 +923,66 @@ func TestParseLoggingOpts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestParseEnvfileVariables(t *testing.T) { //nolint:dupl // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
-	expErr := "--env-file: open nonexistent: no such file or directory"
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		expErr = "--env-file: open nonexistent: The system cannot find the file specified."
-	}
-	// env ko
-	if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=nonexistent", "img", "cmd"}); err == nil || err.Error() != expErr {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected an error with message '%s', got %v", expErr, err)
-	}
-	// env ok
-	config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/valid.env", "img", "cmd"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if len(config.Env) != 1 || config.Env[0] != "ENV1=value1" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected a config with [ENV1=value1], got %v", config.Env)
-	}
-	config, _, _, err = parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/valid.env", "--env=ENV2=value2", "img", "cmd"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if len(config.Env) != 2 || config.Env[0] != "ENV1=value1" || config.Env[1] != "ENV2=value2" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected a config with [ENV1=value1 ENV2=value2], got %v", config.Env)
+func TestParseFileVariables(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		flag, file, key string
+	}{
+		{"env", "valid.env", "ENV"},
+		{"label", "valid.label", "LABEL"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.flag, func(t *testing.T) {
+			expectedError := "no such file or directory"
+			if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+				expectedError = "The system cannot find the file specified."
+			}
+			_, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--" + tc.flag + "-file=nonexistent"})
+			require.EqualError(t, err, "--"+tc.flag+"-file: open nonexistent: "+expectedError)
+			for _, extra := range []bool{false, true} {
+				args := []string{"--" + tc.flag + "-file=testdata/" + tc.file}
+				expected := []string{tc.key + "1=value1"}
+				if extra {
+					args = append(args, "--"+tc.flag+"="+tc.key+"2=value2")
+					expected = append(expected, tc.key+"2=value2")
+				}
+				config, _, _, err := parseRun(args)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				if tc.flag == "env" {
+					assert.Equal(t, expected, config.Env)
+				} else {
+					assert.Len(t, config.Labels, len(expected))
+					for _, label := range expected {
+						key, value, _ := strings.Cut(label, "=")
+						assert.Equal(t, value, config.Labels[key])
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestParseEnvfileVariablesWithBOMUnicode(t *testing.T) {
-	// UTF8 with BOM
-	config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/utf8.env", "img", "cmd"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	env := []string{"FOO=BAR", "HELLO=" + string([]byte{0xe6, 0x82, 0xa8, 0xe5, 0xa5, 0xbd}), "BAR=FOO"}
-	if len(config.Env) != len(env) {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected a config with %d env variables, got %v: %v", len(env), len(config.Env), config.Env)
-	}
-	for i, v := range env {
-		if config.Env[i] != v {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected a config with [%s], got %v", v, []byte(config.Env[i]))
-		}
-	}
+	config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/utf8.env"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"FOO=BAR", "HELLO=您好", "BAR=FOO"}, config.Env)
 
-	// UTF16 with BOM
-	e := "invalid utf8 bytes at line"
-	if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/utf16.env", "img", "cmd"}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), e) {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected an error with message '%s', got %v", e, err)
-	}
-	// UTF16BE with BOM
-	if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/utf16be.env", "img", "cmd"}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), e) {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected an error with message '%s', got %v", e, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestParseLabelfileVariables(t *testing.T) { //nolint:dupl // verbatim copy from docker/cli tests
-	expErr := "--label-file: open nonexistent: no such file or directory"
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		expErr = "--label-file: open nonexistent: The system cannot find the file specified."
-	}
-	// label ko
-	if _, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--label-file=nonexistent", "img", "cmd"}); err == nil || err.Error() != expErr {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected an error with message '%s', got %v", expErr, err)
-	}
-	// label ok
-	config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--label-file=testdata/valid.label", "img", "cmd"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if len(config.Labels) != 1 || config.Labels["LABEL1"] != "value1" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected a config with [LABEL1:value1], got %v", config.Labels)
-	}
-	config, _, _, err = parseRun([]string{"--label-file=testdata/valid.label", "--label=LABEL2=value2", "img", "cmd"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if len(config.Labels) != 2 || config.Labels["LABEL1"] != "value1" || config.Labels["LABEL2"] != "value2" {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected a config with [LABEL1:value1 LABEL2:value2], got %v", config.Labels)
+	for _, file := range []string{"utf16.env", "utf16be.env"} {
+		t.Run(file, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--env-file=testdata/" + file})
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid utf8 bytes at line")
+		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestParseEntryPoint(t *testing.T) {
 	config, _, _, err := parseRun([]string{"--entrypoint=anything", "cmd", "img"})
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
-	assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(config.Entrypoint, []string{"anything"}))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"anything"}, config.Entrypoint)
 }
 
 func TestValidateDevice(t *testing.T) {
-	skip.If(t, runtime.GOOS != "linux") // Windows and macOS validate server-side
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		t.Skip("Windows and macOS validate server-side")
+	}
 	valid := []string{
 		"/home",
 		"/home:/home",
@@ -1222,22 +1081,22 @@ func TestValidateDeviceByServerOS(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			got, err := validateDevice(tc.value, tc.serverOS)
 			if tc.wantError != "" {
-				assert.Error(t, err, tc.wantError)
+				require.EqualError(t, err, tc.wantError)
 				return
 			}
-			assert.NilError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, got, tc.want)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.want, got)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestDeviceCgroupRulesAndInvalidParameter(t *testing.T) {
 	got, err := validateDeviceCgroupRule("c 1:3 rwm")
-	assert.NilError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, got, "c 1:3 rwm")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "c 1:3 rwm", got)
 
 	_, err = validateDeviceCgroupRule("invalid")
-	assert.Error(t, err, "invalid device cgroup format 'invalid'")
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "invalid device cgroup format 'invalid'")
 
 	if invalidParameter(nil) != nil {
 		t.Fatal("invalidParameter(nil) should be nil")
@@ -1245,9 +1104,9 @@ func TestDeviceCgroupRulesAndInvalidParameter(t *testing.T) {
 	cause := errors.New("bad input")
 	err = invalidParameter(cause)
 	var invalid interface{ InvalidParameter() }
-	assert.Assert(t, errors.As(err, &invalid))
-	assert.Assert(t, errors.Is(err, cause))
-	assert.Equal(t, invalidParameter(err), err) // already invalid, so not wrapped twice
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &invalid)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, cause)
+	require.Condition(t, func() bool { return invalidParameter(err) == err })
 }
 
 func TestParseSystemPaths(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1298,9 +1157,9 @@ func TestParseSystemPaths(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		securityOpts, maskedPaths, readonlyPaths := parseSystemPaths(tc.in)
-		assert.DeepEqual(t, securityOpts, tc.out)
-		assert.DeepEqual(t, maskedPaths, tc.masked)
-		assert.DeepEqual(t, readonlyPaths, tc.readonly)
+		require.Equal(t, tc.out, securityOpts)
+		require.Equal(t, tc.masked, maskedPaths)
+		require.Equal(t, tc.readonly, readonlyPaths)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1322,9 +1181,9 @@ func TestConvertToStandardNotation(t *testing.T) {
 	for key, ports := range valid {
 		convertedPorts, err := convertToStandardNotation(ports)
 		if err != nil {
-			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 		}
-		assert.DeepEqual(t, strings.Split(key, " "), convertedPorts)
+		require.Equal(t, strings.Split(key, " "), convertedPorts)
 	}
 
 	for _, ports := range invalid {

act/container/docker_images.go

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ package container
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 
 	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
+	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 )
 
 // ImageExistsLocally returns a boolean indicating if an image with the
@@ -30,11 +30,23 @@ func ImageExistsLocally(ctx context.Context, imageName, platform string) (bool,
 		return false, err
 	}
 
-	if platform == "" || platform == "any" || fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", inspectImage.Os, inspectImage.Architecture) == platform {
+	if platform == "" || platform == "any" {
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
-	return false, nil
+	requested, err := parsePlatform(platform)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return platformMatches(requested, &specs.Platform{OS: inspectImage.Os, Architecture: inspectImage.Architecture, Variant: inspectImage.Variant}), nil
+}
+
+func platformMatches(requested, image *specs.Platform) bool {
+	variant := image.Variant
+	if variant == "" {
+		variant = map[string]string{"amd64": "v1", "arm": "v7", "arm64": "v8"}[image.Architecture]
+	}
+	return image.OS == requested.OS && image.Architecture == requested.Architecture && (requested.Variant == "" || requested.Variant == variant)
 }
 
 // RemoveImage removes image from local store, the function is used to run different
@@ -46,18 +58,14 @@ func RemoveImage(ctx context.Context, imageName string, force, pruneChildren boo
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
-	if _, err := cli.ImageInspect(ctx, imageName); cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+	if _, err = cli.ImageRemove(ctx, imageName, client.ImageRemoveOptions{
+		Force:         force,
+		PruneChildren: pruneChildren,
+	}); cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
 		return false, nil
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 
-	if _, err = cli.ImageRemove(ctx, imageName, client.ImageRemoveOptions{
-		Force:         force,
-		PruneChildren: pruneChildren,
-	}); err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
 	return true, nil
 }

act/container/docker_images_test.go

@@ -5,65 +5,74 @@
 package container
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
+
+	mobyclient "github.com/moby/moby/client"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func init() {
-	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+	logging.SetLevel(logging.LevelDebug)
 }
 
-// buildScratchImage builds a tiny empty image for the given platform locally (FROM scratch, no
-// network or emulation since there is nothing to run) and returns its tag, removing it after
-// the test.
-func buildScratchImage(t *testing.T, platform string) string {
+func loadScratchImage(t *testing.T, platform string) string {
 	t.Helper()
-	tag := fmt.Sprintf("act-test-exists-%s:latest", strings.TrimPrefix(platform, "linux/"))
-	cmd := exec.Command("docker", "build", "--platform", platform, "-t", tag, "-")
-	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("FROM scratch\nLABEL act-test=1\n")
-	// Force BuildKit: it records the requested architecture in the image config for a
-	// FROM-scratch build, whereas the classic builder ignores --platform and tags it with the
-	// host arch, which would break the per-platform existence assertions below.
-	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1")
-	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
-	require.NoError(t, err, string(out))
-	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = exec.Command("docker", "rmi", "-f", tag).Run() })
+	tag := fmt.Sprintf("act-test-exists-%s-%d:latest", strings.TrimPrefix(platform, "linux/"), time.Now().UnixNano())
+	var archive bytes.Buffer
+	require.NoError(t, writeFilesTar(t.Context(), &archive, 0, 0,
+		&FileEntry{Name: "config.json", Mode: 0o600, Body: fmt.Sprintf(`{"architecture":%q,"os":"linux","rootfs":{"type":"layers","diff_ids":[]}}`, strings.TrimPrefix(platform, "linux/"))},
+		&FileEntry{Name: "manifest.json", Mode: 0o600, Body: fmt.Sprintf(`[{"Config":"config.json","RepoTags":[%q],"Layers":[]}]`, tag)},
+	))
+	cli, err := GetDockerClient(t.Context())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cli.Close() })
+	response, err := cli.ImageLoad(t.Context(), &archive)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer response.Close()
+	require.NoError(t, logDockerResponse(common.Logger(t.Context()), response, false))
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = cli.ImageRemove(context.WithoutCancel(t.Context()), tag, mobyclient.ImageRemoveOptions{Force: true})
+	})
 	return tag
 }
 
 func TestImageExistsLocally(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	requireDocker(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	// a non-existent image is reported absent
 	missing, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, "library/alpine:this-random-tag-will-never-exist", "linux/amd64")
 	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	assert.False(t, missing)
 
-	// Build tiny images for two architectures locally so per-platform existence can be checked
-	// offline (formerly pulled node:24-bookworm-slim for amd64 and arm64 over the network).
-	amd64Ref := buildScratchImage(t, "linux/amd64")
-	arm64Ref := buildScratchImage(t, "linux/arm64")
+	amd64Ref := loadScratchImage(t, "linux/amd64")
+	arm64Ref := loadScratchImage(t, "linux/arm64")
 
 	amd64Exists, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, amd64Ref, "linux/amd64")
 	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	assert.True(t, amd64Exists)
 
-	// a non-host architecture image is detected for its own architecture
 	arm64Exists, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, arm64Ref, "linux/arm64")
 	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	assert.True(t, arm64Exists)
 
-	// a present image is reported absent for a different platform
 	wrongPlatform, err := ImageExistsLocally(ctx, amd64Ref, "linux/arm64")
 	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	assert.False(t, wrongPlatform)
+
+	removed, err := RemoveImage(ctx, amd64Ref, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, removed)
+	removed, err = RemoveImage(ctx, amd64Ref, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, removed)
 }

act/container/docker_logger.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 )
 
 type dockerMessage struct {
@@ -26,25 +26,17 @@ type dockerMessage struct {
 	Progress string `json:"progress"`
 }
 
-func logDockerResponse(logger logrus.FieldLogger, dockerResponse io.ReadCloser, isError bool) error {
+func logDockerResponse(logger *logging.Logger, dockerResponse io.ReadCloser, isError bool) error {
 	if dockerResponse == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	defer dockerResponse.Close()
 
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(dockerResponse)
-	msg := dockerMessage{}
-
+	scanner.Buffer(nil, 64*1024*1024) // a build echoes long instructions in one record
 	for scanner.Scan() {
 		line := scanner.Bytes()
-
-		msg.ID = ""
-		msg.Stream = ""
-		msg.Error = ""
-		msg.ErrorDetail.Message = ""
-		msg.Status = ""
-		msg.Progress = ""
-
+		var msg dockerMessage
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(line, &msg); err != nil {
 			writeLog(logger, false, "Unable to unmarshal line [%s] ==> %v", string(line), err)
 			continue
@@ -74,10 +66,10 @@ func logDockerResponse(logger logrus.FieldLogger, dockerResponse io.ReadCloser,
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return scanner.Err()
 }
 
-func writeLog(logger logrus.FieldLogger, isError bool, format string, args ...any) {
+func writeLog(logger *logging.Logger, isError bool, format string, args ...any) {
 	if isError {
 		logger.Errorf(format, args...)
 	} else {

act/container/docker_network.go

@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ func removeOrphanNetworks(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, runnerUUID,
 networks:
 	for _, n := range networks.Items {
 		result, err := cli.NetworkInspect(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkInspectOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
+		if cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+			continue
+		} else if err != nil {
 			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to inspect network %s: %w", n.Name, err))
 			continue
 		}
@@ -71,7 +73,9 @@ networks:
 				continue networks
 			}
 		}
-		if _, err := cli.NetworkRemove(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkRemoveOptions{}); err != nil {
+		if _, err := cli.NetworkRemove(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkRemoveOptions{}); cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+			continue
+		} else if err != nil {
 			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove network %s: %w", n.Name, err))
 			continue
 		}
@@ -81,14 +85,14 @@ networks:
 }
 
 func NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutor(name string, opts NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutorInput) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return common.Executor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		defer cli.Close()
 		return createDockerNetwork(ctx, cli, name, opts)
-	}
+	}).IfNot(common.Dryrun)
 }
 
 func createDockerNetwork(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, name string, opts NewDockerNetworkCreateExecutorInput) error {
@@ -153,7 +157,7 @@ func isAddressPoolExhausted(err error) bool {
 }
 
 func NewDockerNetworkConnectExecutor(networkName, container string) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return common.Executor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -163,7 +167,7 @@ func NewDockerNetworkConnectExecutor(networkName, container string) common.Execu
 			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("cannot connect %s to network %s, so jobs on it cannot reach the cache: %v", container, networkName, err)
 		}
 		return nil
-	}
+	}).IfNot(common.Dryrun)
 }
 
 func connectNetwork(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, networkName, container string) error {
@@ -178,14 +182,14 @@ func connectNetwork(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, networkName, cont
 }
 
 func NewDockerNetworkDisconnectExecutor(networkName, container string) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return common.Executor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		defer cli.Close()
 		return disconnectNetwork(ctx, cli, networkName, container)
-	}
+	}).IfNot(common.Dryrun)
 }
 
 func disconnectNetwork(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, networkName, container string) error {
@@ -197,42 +201,41 @@ func disconnectNetwork(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, networkName, c
 }
 
 func NewDockerNetworkRemoveExecutor(name string) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return common.Executor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		defer cli.Close()
+		return removeNetwork(ctx, cli, name)
+	}).IfNot(common.Dryrun)
+}
 
-		// Make sure that all network of the specified name are removed
-		// cli.NetworkRemove refuses to remove a network if there are duplicates
-		networks, err := cli.NetworkList(ctx, client.NetworkListOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
+func removeNetwork(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, name string) error {
+	networks, err := cli.NetworkList(ctx, client.NetworkListOptions{}) // NetworkRemove by name refuses duplicates, so remove each by ID
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var errs []error
+	for _, n := range networks.Items {
+		if n.Name != name {
+			continue
+		}
+		result, err := cli.NetworkInspect(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkInspectOptions{})
+		if cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+			continue
+		} else if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
-		// common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("%v", networks)
-		var errs []error
-		for _, n := range networks.Items {
-			if n.Name == name {
-				result, err := cli.NetworkInspect(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkInspectOptions{})
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-
-				// it holds a subnet out of the daemon's pool until something reclaims it
-				if len(result.Network.Containers) != 0 {
-					common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Refusing to remove network %s because it still has active endpoints, the idle cleanup reclaims it once they are gone", name)
-					continue
-				}
-				if _, err = cli.NetworkRemove(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkRemoveOptions{}); err != nil {
-					errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove network %s: %w", name, err))
-				}
-			}
+		if len(result.Network.Containers) != 0 {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Refusing to remove network %s because it still has active endpoints, the orphan cleanup reclaims it once they are gone", name)
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, err = cli.NetworkRemove(ctx, n.ID, client.NetworkRemoveOptions{}); err != nil && !cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove network %s: %w", name, err))
 		}
-
-		return errors.Join(errs...)
 	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
 }
 
 // IsolatedCacheContainer returns the container holding addr, when jobs on jobNetwork cannot reach it there.

act/container/docker_network_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestIsolatedCacheContainer(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	cache, lan := netip.MustParseAddr("172.18.0.3"), netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.20")
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
 	client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{}).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: []container.Summary{{}, {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func TestIsAddressPoolExhausted(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateDockerNetworkInheritsDaemonMTU(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
 		bridgeOptions, want map[string]string
 	}{
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func (m *mockDockerClient) NetworkDisconnect(ctx context.Context, id string, opt
 }
 
 func TestConnectAndDisconnectNetwork(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	connect := func(answer error) error {
 		client := &mockDockerClient{}
 		client.On("NetworkConnect", ctx, "jobs", mobyclient.NetworkConnectOptions{
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ func TestConnectAndDisconnectNetwork(t *testing.T) {
 // Of this runner's networks, only the ones nothing but its own cache container is attached to
 // and old enough to predate any job now starting are the runner's to reclaim. An unexpected
 // NetworkRemove fails the test on its own, since testify has no expectation to match it against.
-func TestRemoveOrphanNetworks(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func TestRemoveNetworks(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	cutoff := time.Date(2026, time.April, 29, 20, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
 	client.On("NetworkList", ctx, mobyclient.NetworkListOptions{
@@ -128,11 +128,13 @@ func TestRemoveOrphanNetworks(t *testing.T) {
 		{ID: "starting"},
 		{ID: "cached"},
 		{ID: "shared"},
+		{ID: "gone"},
+		{ID: "raced"},
 	}}, nil)
 	client.On("NetworkInspect", ctx, "orphan", mobyclient.NetworkInspectOptions{}).
-		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{}, nil)
+		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{}, nil).Twice()
 	client.On("NetworkInspect", ctx, "busy", mobyclient.NetworkInspectOptions{}).
-		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{Network: network.Inspect{Containers: map[string]network.EndpointResource{"c": {}}}}, nil)
+		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{Network: network.Inspect{Containers: map[string]network.EndpointResource{"c": {}}}}, nil).Twice()
 	client.On("NetworkInspect", ctx, "starting", mobyclient.NetworkInspectOptions{}).
 		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{Network: network.Inspect{
 			Network:    network.Network{Created: cutoff.Add(time.Second)},
@@ -142,13 +144,28 @@ func TestRemoveOrphanNetworks(t *testing.T) {
 		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{Network: network.Inspect{Containers: map[string]network.EndpointResource{"0123456789abcdef": {}}}}, nil)
 	client.On("NetworkInspect", ctx, "shared", mobyclient.NetworkInspectOptions{}).
 		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{Network: network.Inspect{Containers: map[string]network.EndpointResource{"0123456789abcdef": {}, "job": {}}}}, nil)
+	client.On("NetworkInspect", ctx, "gone", mobyclient.NetworkInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound).Twice()
+	client.On("NetworkInspect", ctx, "raced", mobyclient.NetworkInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.NetworkInspectResult{}, nil).Twice()
+	client.On("NetworkRemove", ctx, "raced", mobyclient.NetworkRemoveOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.NetworkRemoveResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound).Twice()
 	client.On("NetworkRemove", ctx, "orphan", mobyclient.NetworkRemoveOptions{}).
-		Return(mobyclient.NetworkRemoveResult{}, nil)
+		Return(mobyclient.NetworkRemoveResult{}, nil).Twice()
 	client.On("NetworkDisconnect", ctx, "cached", mobyclient.NetworkDisconnectOptions{Container: "0123456789abcdef", Force: true}).
 		Return(nil).Once()
 	client.On("NetworkRemove", ctx, "cached", mobyclient.NetworkRemoveOptions{}).
 		Return(mobyclient.NetworkRemoveResult{}, nil).Once()
 
 	require.NoError(t, removeOrphanNetworks(ctx, client, "runner-1", "0123456789ab", cutoff))
+
+	client.On("NetworkList", ctx, mobyclient.NetworkListOptions{}).Return(mobyclient.NetworkListResult{Items: []network.Summary{
+		{ID: "orphan", Name: "job"},
+		{ID: "busy", Name: "job"},
+		{ID: "gone", Name: "job"},
+		{ID: "raced", Name: "job"},
+		{ID: "shared", Name: "other"},
+	}}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, removeNetwork(ctx, client, "job"))
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
 }

act/container/docker_platform_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package container
 import (
 	"testing"
 
+	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -17,32 +18,17 @@ func TestParsePlatform(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Nil(t, got)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("os/arch", func(t *testing.T) {
-		got, err := parsePlatform("linux/amd64")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, got)
-		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
-		assert.Equal(t, "amd64", got.Architecture)
-		assert.Empty(t, got.Variant)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("os/arch/variant", func(t *testing.T) {
-		got, err := parsePlatform("linux/arm/v7")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, got)
-		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
-		assert.Equal(t, "arm", got.Architecture)
-		assert.Equal(t, "v7", got.Variant)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("input is lowercased", func(t *testing.T) {
-		got, err := parsePlatform("Linux/AMD64/V8")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, got)
-		assert.Equal(t, "linux", got.OS)
-		assert.Equal(t, "amd64", got.Architecture)
-		assert.Equal(t, "v8", got.Variant)
-	})
+	for input, want := range map[string]specs.Platform{
+		"linux/amd64":    {OS: "linux", Architecture: "amd64"},
+		"linux/arm/v7":   {OS: "linux", Architecture: "arm", Variant: "v7"},
+		"Linux/AMD64/V8": {OS: "linux", Architecture: "amd64", Variant: "v8"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := parsePlatform(input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, &want, got)
+		})
+	}
 
 	for _, bad := range []string{
 		"amd64",
@@ -61,3 +47,26 @@ func TestParsePlatform(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestPlatformMatches(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
+		requested, image string
+		want             bool
+	}{
+		{"linux/amd64", "linux/amd64", true},
+		{"linux/amd64/v1", "linux/amd64", true},
+		{"linux/arm64", "linux/amd64", false},
+		{"linux/arm64/v8", "linux/arm64", true},
+		{"linux/arm/v7", "linux/arm/v7", true},
+		{"linux/arm", "linux/arm/v7", true},
+		{"linux/arm/v6", "linux/arm/v7", false},
+		{"linux/arm", "linux/arm/v6", true},
+		{"windows/arm/v7", "linux/arm/v7", false},
+	} {
+		requested, err := parsePlatform(testcase.requested)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		image, err := parsePlatform(testcase.image)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testcase.want, platformMatches(requested, image), "%s on %s", testcase.requested, testcase.image)
+	}
+}

act/container/docker_proxy.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	jobLabel      = "com.gitea.runner.job"
+	jobLabel      = "com.gitea.runner.job."
 	maxCreateBody = 8 << 20
 
 	dockerProxyProbeTimeout = 5 * time.Second
@@ -48,6 +48,20 @@ var (
 	rawStreamPath = regexp.MustCompile(`^(/v[0-9.]+)?/(containers/[^/]+/attach|exec/[^/]+/start)$`)
 )
 
+var dockerProxyDirectories, dockerProxyProbes sync.Map
+
+type dockerProxyDirectory struct {
+	dir, daemonDir string
+	socket         os.FileInfo
+}
+
+type dockerProxyProbe struct {
+	directory dockerProxyDirectory
+	done      chan struct{}
+	seen      bool
+	err       error
+}
+
 func NewDockerProxy(ctx context.Context, job string) *DockerProxy {
 	if host := os.Getenv("DOCKER_HOST"); runtime.GOOS != "linux" || host != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(host, "unix://") {
 		return nil
@@ -63,16 +77,17 @@ func NewDockerProxy(ctx context.Context, job string) *DockerProxy {
 	if !ok {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if info, err := os.Stat(daemonSocket); err != nil || info.Mode()&os.ModeSocket == 0 {
+	socket, err := os.Stat(daemonSocket)
+	if err != nil || socket.Mode()&os.ModeSocket == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	dir, daemonDir := runnerContainerWorkdir(probeCtx, cli)
-	seen := daemonDir != ""
+	workdir, _ := os.Getwd()
+	key := [3]string{cli.DaemonHost(), workdir, os.TempDir()}
+	cached, _ := dockerProxyDirectories.Load(key)
+	directory, seen := cached.(dockerProxyDirectory)
+	seen = seen && os.SameFile(directory.socket, socket) // daemon replacement invalidates cached paths
 	if !seen {
-		if dir, err = filepath.Abs(os.TempDir()); err == nil {
-			daemonDir = dir
-			seen, err = daemonSeesDir(probeCtx, cli, dir, daemonDir)
-		}
+		directory, seen, err = probeDockerProxyDirectory(probeCtx, cli, key, socket)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		common.Logger(ctx).Infof("docker proxy probe failed, jobs get the daemon socket directly: %v", err)
@@ -85,15 +100,51 @@ func NewDockerProxy(ctx context.Context, job string) *DockerProxy {
 	if ctx.Err() != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	proxy, err := StartDockerProxy(daemonSocket, dir, job)
+	proxy, err := StartDockerProxy(daemonSocket, directory.dir, job)
 	if err != nil {
+		dockerProxyDirectories.Delete(key)
 		common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("docker proxy not started, the job gets the daemon socket directly: %v", err)
 		return nil
 	}
-	proxy.Socket = daemonDir + strings.TrimPrefix(proxy.Socket, dir)
+	dockerProxyDirectories.Store(key, directory)
+	proxy.Socket = directory.daemonDir + strings.TrimPrefix(proxy.Socket, directory.dir)
 	return proxy
 }
 
+func probeDockerProxyDirectory(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, key [3]string, socket os.FileInfo) (dockerProxyDirectory, bool, error) {
+	for {
+		probe := &dockerProxyProbe{directory: dockerProxyDirectory{socket: socket}, done: make(chan struct{})}
+		actual, loaded := dockerProxyProbes.LoadOrStore(key, probe)
+		if loaded {
+			probe, _ = actual.(*dockerProxyProbe)
+			if !os.SameFile(probe.directory.socket, socket) {
+				dockerProxyProbes.CompareAndDelete(key, probe)
+				continue
+			}
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return dockerProxyDirectory{}, false, ctx.Err()
+			case <-probe.done:
+			}
+			if ctx.Err() == nil && (errors.Is(probe.err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(probe.err, context.DeadlineExceeded)) {
+				continue
+			}
+		} else {
+			probe.directory.dir, probe.directory.daemonDir = runnerContainerWorkdir(ctx, cli)
+			probe.seen = probe.directory.daemonDir != ""
+			if !probe.seen {
+				if probe.directory.dir, probe.err = filepath.Abs(key[2]); probe.err == nil {
+					probe.directory.daemonDir = probe.directory.dir
+					probe.seen, probe.err = daemonSeesDir(ctx, cli, probe.directory.dir, probe.directory.daemonDir)
+				}
+			}
+			dockerProxyProbes.CompareAndDelete(key, probe)
+			close(probe.done)
+		}
+		return probe.directory, probe.seen, probe.err
+	}
+}
+
 // runnerContainerWorkdir looks the runner's container up by hostname to find the daemon's path to its working directory.
 func runnerContainerWorkdir(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient) (workdir, daemonDir string) {
 	workdir, err := os.Getwd()
@@ -144,12 +195,18 @@ func daemonSeesDir(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, dir, daemonDir str
 	if len(images.Items) == 0 {
 		return false, errors.New("no image available for the docker proxy probe")
 	}
-	created, err := cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, client.ContainerCreateOptions{
-		Config: &container.Config{Image: images.Items[0].ID, Cmd: []string{"true"}},
-		HostConfig: &container.HostConfig{Mounts: []mount.Mount{
-			{Type: mount.TypeBind, Source: daemonDir, Target: "/gitea-runner-probe", ReadOnly: true}, // not the marker itself, podman creates a missing bind source where docker rejects it
-		}},
-	})
+	var created client.ContainerCreateResult
+	for _, image := range images.Items {
+		created, err = cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, client.ContainerCreateOptions{
+			Config: &container.Config{Image: image.ID, Cmd: []string{"true"}},
+			HostConfig: &container.HostConfig{Mounts: []mount.Mount{
+				{Type: mount.TypeBind, Source: daemonDir, Target: "/gitea-runner-probe", ReadOnly: true}, // not the marker itself, podman creates a missing bind source where docker rejects it
+			}},
+		})
+		if !cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
 	if cerrdefs.IsInvalidArgument(err) {
 		return false, nil
 	}
@@ -302,7 +359,7 @@ func rewriteCreate(r *http.Request, job string, mounts map[string]string) error
 	if config.Labels == nil {
 		config.Labels = make(map[string]string)
 	}
-	config.Labels[jobLabel] = job
+	config.Labels[jobLabel+job] = "" // per-job key, so nested proxies keep each other's
 	if fields["Labels"], err = json.Marshal(config.Labels); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -560,7 +617,7 @@ func RemoveDockerJobResources(ctx context.Context, job string) error {
 
 func removeLabelled(ctx context.Context, cli client.APIClient, job string) error {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-	filters := make(client.Filters).Add("label", jobLabel+"="+job)
+	filters := make(client.Filters).Add("label", jobLabel+job)
 	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, client.ContainerListOptions{All: true, Filters: filters})
 	errs := []error{err}
 	for _, c := range containers.Items {

act/container/docker_proxy_test.go

@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
 	"time"
 
 	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ func TestDockerProxy(t *testing.T) {
 	bodies := make(chan []byte, 8)
 	createStarted, releaseCreate := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
 	streamsDone := make(chan struct{}, 2)
+	var probes atomic.Int32
 	daemonSocket := filepath.Join(shortTempDir(t), "d.sock")
 	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", daemonSocket)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -75,12 +78,28 @@ func TestDockerProxy(t *testing.T) {
 		switch {
 		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/create"):
 			body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			if bytes.Contains(body, []byte(`"Image":"probe-image"`)) {
+				_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"Id":"probe"}`))
+				return
+			}
 			if r.URL.RawQuery == "wait" {
 				close(createStarted)
 				<-releaseCreate
 			}
 			bodies <- body
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/images/json"):
+			if probes.Add(1) == 1 {
+				http.Error(w, "probe unavailable", http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+				return
+			}
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`[{"Id":"probe-image"}]`))
+		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/json"):
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/archive"):
+			w.Header().Set("X-Docker-Container-Path-Stat", "e30=")
+		case r.Method == http.MethodDelete:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
 		case r.URL.Path == "/exec/detached/start" || r.URL.Path == "/exec/error/start":
 			if r.URL.Path == "/exec/error/start" {
 				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/vnd.docker.raw-stream")
@@ -146,52 +165,52 @@ func TestDockerProxy(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("labels creates", func(t *testing.T) {
 		for _, testCase := range []struct{ path, body, want string }{
 			{
-				"/v1.47/containers/create", `{"Image":"alpine","Unknown":{"enabled":true},"Labels":{"own":"1","com.gitea.runner.job":"other"}}`,
-				`{"Image":"alpine","Unknown":{"enabled":true},"Labels":{"own":"1","com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				"/v1.47/containers/create", `{"Image":"alpine","Unknown":{"enabled":true},"Labels":{"own":"1","com.gitea.runner.job.job-0":""}}`,
+				`{"Image":"alpine","Unknown":{"enabled":true},"Labels":{"own":"1","com.gitea.runner.job.job-0":"","com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/containers/create", `{"HostConfig":{"Binds":["/workspace/o/r:/src:ro","/workspace/o/r/../r/sub/:/sub","workspace/o/r:/relative","/workspace/o/rest:/rest","/workspace/o/r/tmp/x:/tmp","named:/named","/anonymous","/workspace/o/r:ro","/volumes/job/_data/x:/daemon-path"]},"DriverOpts":{"o":"bind","device":"/workspace/o/r"},"Labels":{"Foo":"1","foo":"2"}}`,
-				`{"HostConfig":{"Binds":["/volumes/job/_data:/src:ro","/volumes/job/_data/sub:/sub","workspace/o/r:/relative","/workspace/o/rest:/rest","/workspace/o/r/tmp/x:/tmp","named:/named","/anonymous","/workspace/o/r:ro","/volumes/job/_data/x:/daemon-path"]},"DriverOpts":{"o":"bind","device":"/workspace/o/r"},"Labels":{"Foo":"1","foo":"2","com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				`{"HostConfig":{"Binds":["/volumes/job/_data:/src:ro","/volumes/job/_data/sub:/sub","workspace/o/r:/relative","/workspace/o/rest:/rest","/workspace/o/r/tmp/x:/tmp","named:/named","/anonymous","/workspace/o/r:ro","/volumes/job/_data/x:/daemon-path"]},"DriverOpts":{"o":"bind","device":"/workspace/o/r"},"Labels":{"Foo":"1","foo":"2","com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/containers/create", `{"HostConfig":{"Mounts":[{"Type":"bind","Source":"/var/run/docker.sock","Target":"/var/run/docker.sock"},{"type":"bind","source":"/workspace/o/r/sub/","target":"/m"},{"Type":"bind","Source":"/workspace/o/r/sub/../data","Target":"/dotted"},{"Type":"bind","Source":"/workspace/o/r/../r","Target":"/escaping"},{"Type":"BIND","Source":"/workspace/o/r"},{"Type":"volume","Source":"/workspace/o/r"}]}}`,
-				`{"HostConfig":{"Mounts":[{"Type":"bind","Source":"/tmp/p/docker.sock","Target":"/var/run/docker.sock"},{"Type":"bind","Source":"/volumes/job/_data/sub/","target":"/m"},{"Type":"bind","Source":"/volumes/job/_data/sub/../data","Target":"/dotted"},{"Type":"bind","Source":"/volumes/job/_data","Target":"/escaping"},{"Type":"BIND","Source":"/workspace/o/r"},{"Type":"volume","Source":"/workspace/o/r"}]},"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				`{"HostConfig":{"Mounts":[{"Type":"bind","Source":"/tmp/p/docker.sock","Target":"/var/run/docker.sock"},{"Type":"bind","Source":"/volumes/job/_data/sub/","target":"/m"},{"Type":"bind","Source":"/volumes/job/_data/sub/../data","Target":"/dotted"},{"Type":"bind","Source":"/volumes/job/_data","Target":"/escaping"},{"Type":"BIND","Source":"/workspace/o/r"},{"Type":"volume","Source":"/workspace/o/r"}]},"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/containers/create", `{"HostConfig":{"Mounts":[{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Options":{"o":"bind","device":"/workspace/o/r/data"}}}},{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Options":{"o":"unbindable","device":"/workspace/o/r"}}}},{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Options":{"o":"bind,remount","device":"/workspace/o/r"}}}},{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Name":"plugin","Options":{"o":"bind","device":"/workspace/o/r"}}}}]}}`,
-				`{"HostConfig":{"Mounts":[{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Options":{"o":"bind","device":"/volumes/job/_data/data"}}}},{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Options":{"o":"unbindable","device":"/workspace/o/r"}}}},{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Options":{"o":"bind,remount","device":"/workspace/o/r"}}}},{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Name":"plugin","Options":{"o":"bind","device":"/workspace/o/r"}}}}]},"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				`{"HostConfig":{"Mounts":[{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Options":{"o":"bind","device":"/volumes/job/_data/data"}}}},{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Options":{"o":"unbindable","device":"/workspace/o/r"}}}},{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Options":{"o":"bind,remount","device":"/workspace/o/r"}}}},{"Type":"volume","VolumeOptions":{"DriverConfig":{"Name":"plugin","Options":{"o":"bind","device":"/workspace/o/r"}}}}]},"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/containers/create", `{"HostConfig":{"privileged":true,"Privileged":false,"Binds":["/workspace/o/r:/src"]},"hoſtconfig":null}`,
-				`{"HostConfig":{"privileged":true,"Privileged":false,"Binds":["/workspace/o/r:/src"]},"hoſtconfig":null,"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				`{"HostConfig":{"privileged":true,"Privileged":false,"Binds":["/workspace/o/r:/src"]},"hoſtconfig":null,"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/networks/create", `{"Name":"n"}`,
-				`{"Name":"n","Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				`{"Name":"n","Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/volumes/create", `{"Name":"v","labels":null,"DriverOpts":{"type":"none","o":"rbind,ro","device":"/workspace/o/r/"},"HostConfig":{"Binds":["/workspace/o/r:/src"]}}`,
-				`{"Name":"v","Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"},"DriverOpts":{"type":"none","o":"rbind,ro","device":"/volumes/job/_data/"},"HostConfig":{"Binds":["/workspace/o/r:/src"]}}`,
+				`{"Name":"v","Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""},"DriverOpts":{"type":"none","o":"rbind,ro","device":"/volumes/job/_data/"},"HostConfig":{"Binds":["/workspace/o/r:/src"]}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/volumes/create", `{"Name":"d","DriverOpts":{"o":"bind","device":1,"device":"/workspace/o/r"}}`,
-				`{"Name":"d","DriverOpts":{"o":"bind","device":1,"device":"/workspace/o/r"},"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				`{"Name":"d","DriverOpts":{"o":"bind","device":1,"device":"/workspace/o/r"},"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/volumes/create", `{"Name":"p","Driver":"plugin","DriverOpts":{"o":"bind","device":"/workspace/o/r"}}`,
-				`{"Name":"p","Driver":"plugin","DriverOpts":{"o":"bind","device":"/workspace/o/r"},"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				`{"Name":"p","Driver":"plugin","DriverOpts":{"o":"bind","device":"/workspace/o/r"},"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/volumes/create", "",
-				`{"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				`{"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/volumes/create", "null",
-				`{"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				`{"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 			{
 				"/volumes/create", `{"Labels":{"discard":"1"},"labels":null,"LABELS":{"own":"1"},"LABELS":{"extra":"2"}}`,
-				`{"Labels":{"own":"1","extra":"2","com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`,
+				`{"Labels":{"own":"1","extra":"2","com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`,
 			},
 		} {
 			resp, err := client.Post("http://docker"+testCase.path, "application/json", strings.NewReader(testCase.body))
@@ -211,6 +230,31 @@ func TestDockerProxy(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "OK GET /v1.47/_ping", string(body))
 	})
 
+	t.Run("discovery caches only successes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+			t.Skip("automatic proxy discovery requires Linux")
+		}
+		t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", "unix://"+daemonSocket)
+		t.Setenv("TMPDIR", shortTempDir(t))
+		require.Nil(t, NewDockerProxy(t.Context(), "failed"))
+		for _, job := range []string{"first", "second"} {
+			proxy := NewDockerProxy(t.Context(), job)
+			require.NotNil(t, proxy)
+			require.NoError(t, proxy.Close(context.Background()))
+		}
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 2, probes.Load())
+		dockerProxyDirectories.Range(func(key, value any) bool {
+			directory, _ := value.(dockerProxyDirectory)
+			directory.socket, _ = os.Stat(t.TempDir())
+			dockerProxyDirectories.Store(key, directory)
+			return true
+		})
+		proxy := NewDockerProxy(t.Context(), "replaced daemon")
+		require.NotNil(t, proxy)
+		require.NoError(t, proxy.Close(context.Background()))
+		assert.EqualValues(t, 3, probes.Load())
+	})
+
 	t.Run("tunnels raw streams through stdin EOF", func(t *testing.T) {
 		for _, stream := range []struct{ path, upgrade string }{
 			{path: "/v1.47/exec/abc/start"},
@@ -244,7 +288,7 @@ func TestDockerProxy(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.NoError(t, resp.Body.Close())
 			require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, resp.StatusCode)
-			assert.JSONEq(t, `{"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`, string(<-bodies))
+			assert.JSONEq(t, `{"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`, string(<-bodies))
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -276,7 +320,7 @@ func TestDockerProxy(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.NoError(t, resp.Body.Close())
 		require.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, resp.StatusCode)
-		assert.JSONEq(t, `{"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job":"job-1"}}`, string(<-bodies))
+		assert.JSONEq(t, `{"Labels":{"com.gitea.runner.job.job-1":""}}`, string(<-bodies))
 		require.NoError(t, <-closed)
 	})
 }
@@ -285,8 +329,8 @@ func TestRemoveLabelledRemovesContainersNetworksAndVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 	containerFailure := errors.New("container removal failed")
 	listFailure := errors.New("listing failed")
 	volumeFailure := errors.New("volume removal failed")
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	filters := make(mobyclient.Filters).Add("label", jobLabel+"=job-1")
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	filters := make(mobyclient.Filters).Add("label", jobLabel+"job-1")
 	cli := &mockDockerClient{}
 	cli.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true, Filters: filters}).
 		Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: []container.Summary{{ID: "c1", Names: []string{"/app"}}}}, nil).Once()
@@ -312,7 +356,8 @@ func TestRemoveLabelledRemovesContainersNetworksAndVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDockerProxyWithDaemon(t *testing.T) {
 	requireDocker(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	cleanupCtx := context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, NewDockerPullExecutor(NewDockerPullExecutorInput{Image: "alpine"})(ctx))
 	direct, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -327,6 +372,9 @@ func TestDockerProxyWithDaemon(t *testing.T) {
 
 	job := "proxy-test-" + strconv.FormatInt(time.Now().UnixNano(), 36)
 	proxy, err := StartDockerProxy(daemonSocketPath(t, direct), dir, job)
+	if os.Geteuid() != 0 && errors.Is(err, os.ErrPermission) {
+		t.Skipf("non-root runners that cannot take the daemon socket's ownership get it directly: %v", err)
+	}
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = proxy.Close(context.Background()) })
 	viaProxy, err := mobyclient.New(mobyclient.WithHost("unix://" + proxy.Socket))
@@ -337,22 +385,24 @@ func TestDockerProxyWithDaemon(t *testing.T) {
 		Config: &container.Config{Image: "alpine", Cmd: []string{"sleep", "300"}, Labels: map[string]string{"own": "1"}},
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { _, _ = direct.ContainerRemove(ctx, created.ID, mobyclient.ContainerRemoveOptions{Force: true}) })
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = direct.ContainerRemove(cleanupCtx, created.ID, mobyclient.ContainerRemoveOptions{Force: true})
+	})
 	_, err = viaProxy.ContainerStart(ctx, created.ID, mobyclient.ContainerStartOptions{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	net, err := viaProxy.NetworkCreate(ctx, job, mobyclient.NetworkCreateOptions{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { _, _ = direct.NetworkRemove(ctx, net.ID, mobyclient.NetworkRemoveOptions{}) })
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _, _ = direct.NetworkRemove(cleanupCtx, net.ID, mobyclient.NetworkRemoveOptions{}) })
 	_, err = viaProxy.VolumeCreate(ctx, mobyclient.VolumeCreateOptions{Name: job})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(func() { _, _ = direct.VolumeRemove(ctx, job, mobyclient.VolumeRemoveOptions{Force: true}) })
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _, _ = direct.VolumeRemove(cleanupCtx, job, mobyclient.VolumeRemoveOptions{Force: true}) })
 
 	inspected, err := direct.ContainerInspect(ctx, created.ID, mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"own": "1", jobLabel: job}, inspected.Container.Config.Labels)
+	assert.Subset(t, inspected.Container.Config.Labels, map[string]string{"own": "1", jobLabel + job: ""})
 	vol, err := direct.VolumeInspect(ctx, job, mobyclient.VolumeInspectOptions{})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, job, vol.Volume.Labels[jobLabel])
+	assert.Contains(t, vol.Volume.Labels, jobLabel+job)
 
 	exec, err := viaProxy.ExecCreate(ctx, created.ID, mobyclient.ExecCreateOptions{Cmd: []string{"cat"}, AttachStdin: true, AttachStdout: true, TTY: true})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -437,7 +487,7 @@ func (c *probeClient) ContainerInspect(context.Context, string, mobyclient.Conta
 }
 
 func (c *probeClient) ImageList(context.Context, mobyclient.ImageListOptions) (mobyclient.ImageListResult, error) {
-	return mobyclient.ImageListResult{Items: []image.Summary{{ID: "probe-image"}}}, nil
+	return mobyclient.ImageListResult{Items: []image.Summary{{ID: "removed-image"}, {ID: "probe-image"}}}, nil
 }
 
 func (c *probeClient) ContainerCreate(_ context.Context, opts mobyclient.ContainerCreateOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult, error) {
@@ -452,6 +502,139 @@ func (c *probeClient) ContainerStatPath(_ context.Context, _ string, opts mobycl
 	return mobyclient.ContainerStatPathResult{}, c.stat(opts.Path)
 }
 
+func TestDockerProxyDirectoryProbes(t *testing.T) {
+	type result struct {
+		seen bool
+		err  error
+	}
+	for name, createErr := range map[string]error{"unavailable directory": nil, "daemon error": errors.New("probe failed")} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+				dir := t.TempDir()
+				socket, err := os.Stat(t.TempDir())
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				key := [3]string{"daemon", dir, dir}
+				release := make(chan struct{})
+				var calls, removals atomic.Int32
+				visible := false
+				cli := &probeClient{
+					create: func(_opts mobyclient.ContainerCreateOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult, error) {
+						calls.Add(1)
+						<-release
+						return mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult{ID: "probe"}, createErr
+					},
+					stat: func(_path string) error {
+						if visible {
+							return nil
+						} else {
+							return cerrdefs.ErrNotFound
+						}
+					},
+					remove: func(_ctx context.Context, _id string, _opts mobyclient.ContainerRemoveOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerRemoveResult, error) {
+						removals.Add(1)
+						return mobyclient.ContainerRemoveResult{}, nil
+					},
+				}
+				results := make(chan result, 8)
+				for range cap(results) {
+					go func() {
+						_, seen, err := probeDockerProxyDirectory(t.Context(), cli, key, socket)
+						results <- result{seen, err}
+					}()
+				}
+				synctest.Wait()
+				assert.EqualValues(t, 1, calls.Load())
+				ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+				cancel()
+				_, seen, err := probeDockerProxyDirectory(ctx, cli, key, socket)
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+				assert.False(t, seen)
+				replacement, err := os.Stat(t.TempDir())
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				replaced := make(chan result, 1)
+				go func() {
+					_, seen, err := probeDockerProxyDirectory(t.Context(), cli, key, replacement)
+					replaced <- result{seen, err}
+				}()
+				synctest.Wait()
+				assert.EqualValues(t, 2, calls.Load())
+				close(release)
+				for range cap(results) {
+					result := <-results
+					require.ErrorIs(t, result.err, createErr)
+					assert.False(t, result.seen)
+				}
+				replacementResult := <-replaced
+				require.ErrorIs(t, replacementResult.err, createErr)
+				assert.False(t, replacementResult.seen)
+				assert.EqualValues(t, 2, calls.Load())
+				if createErr == nil {
+					assert.EqualValues(t, 2, removals.Load())
+				} else {
+					assert.Zero(t, removals.Load())
+				}
+				createErr, visible = nil, true
+				directory, seen, err := probeDockerProxyDirectory(t.Context(), cli, key, socket)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.True(t, seen)
+				assert.Equal(t, dir, directory.dir)
+				assert.Equal(t, dir, directory.daemonDir)
+				assert.EqualValues(t, 3, calls.Load())
+				entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.Empty(t, entries)
+			})
+		})
+	}
+	t.Run("cancelled probe does not cancel another caller", func(t *testing.T) {
+		synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			socket, err := os.Stat(t.TempDir())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			key := [3]string{"daemon", dir, dir}
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+			defer cancel()
+			release := make(chan struct{})
+			calls := 0
+			cli := &probeClient{
+				create: func(_opts mobyclient.ContainerCreateOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult, error) {
+					calls++
+					if calls == 1 {
+						<-release
+						return mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult{}, ctx.Err()
+					} else {
+						return mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult{ID: "probe"}, nil
+					}
+				},
+				stat: func(_path string) error { return nil },
+				remove: func(_ctx context.Context, _id string, _opts mobyclient.ContainerRemoveOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerRemoveResult, error) {
+					return mobyclient.ContainerRemoveResult{}, nil
+				},
+			}
+			leader, follower := make(chan result, 1), make(chan result, 1)
+			go func() {
+				_, seen, err := probeDockerProxyDirectory(ctx, cli, key, socket)
+				leader <- result{seen, err}
+			}()
+			synctest.Wait()
+			go func() {
+				_, seen, err := probeDockerProxyDirectory(t.Context(), cli, key, socket)
+				follower <- result{seen, err}
+			}()
+			synctest.Wait()
+			assert.Equal(t, 1, calls)
+			cancel()
+			close(release)
+			leaderResult, followerResult := <-leader, <-follower
+			require.ErrorIs(t, leaderResult.err, context.Canceled)
+			assert.False(t, leaderResult.seen)
+			require.NoError(t, followerResult.err)
+			assert.True(t, followerResult.seen)
+			assert.Equal(t, 2, calls)
+		})
+	})
+}
+
 func TestDaemonSeesDir(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	markers := make(map[string]bool)
@@ -471,9 +654,14 @@ func TestDaemonSeesDir(t *testing.T) {
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 			defer cancel()
 			removed := false
+			var attemptedImages []string
 			cli := &probeClient{
 				create: func(opts mobyclient.ContainerCreateOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult, error) {
 					assert.Equal(t, []mount.Mount{{Type: mount.TypeBind, Source: testCase.daemonDir, Target: "/gitea-runner-probe", ReadOnly: true}}, opts.HostConfig.Mounts)
+					attemptedImages = append(attemptedImages, opts.Config.Image)
+					if opts.Config.Image == "removed-image" {
+						return mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound
+					}
 					cancel()
 					if _, err := os.Stat(testCase.daemonDir); err != nil {
 						return mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrInvalidArgument
@@ -501,6 +689,7 @@ func TestDaemonSeesDir(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			seen, err := daemonSeesDir(ctx, cli, dir, testCase.daemonDir)
 			require.ErrorIs(t, err, testCase.removeErr)
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{"removed-image", "probe-image"}, attemptedImages)
 			assert.Equal(t, testCase.seen, seen)
 			assert.Equal(t, testCase.removed, removed)
 			entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)

act/container/docker_pull.go

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func getImagePullOptions(ctx context.Context, input NewDockerPullExecutorInput)
 		if err != nil {
 			return imagePullOptions, err
 		}
-		if authConfig.Username == "" && authConfig.Password == "" {
+		if authConfig.Username == "" && authConfig.Password == "" && authConfig.IdentityToken == "" && authConfig.RegistryToken == "" {
 			return imagePullOptions, nil
 		}
 		logger.Info("using DockerAuthConfig authentication for docker pull")

act/container/docker_pull_test.go

@@ -5,20 +5,24 @@
 package container
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/iotest"
 
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/pkg/authconfig"
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/registry"
 	assert "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func init() {
-	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+	logging.SetLevel(logging.LevelDebug)
 }
 
 func TestCleanImage(t *testing.T) {
@@ -36,18 +40,15 @@ func TestCleanImage(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
-		imageOut := cleanImage(context.Background(), table.imageIn)
+		imageOut := cleanImage(t.Context(), table.imageIn)
 		assert.Equal(t, table.imageOut, imageOut)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestGetImagePullOptions(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	orig := config.Dir()
-	t.Cleanup(func() { config.SetDir(orig) })
-
-	config.SetDir("/non-existent/docker")
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_CONFIG", "/non-existent/docker")
 
 	options, err := getImagePullOptions(ctx, NewDockerPullExecutorInput{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create ImagePullOptions")                                                 //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
@@ -61,13 +62,28 @@ func TestGetImagePullOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create ImagePullOptions") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	assert.Equal(t, "eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6InVzZXJuYW1lIiwicGFzc3dvcmQiOiJwYXNzd29yZCJ9", options.RegistryAuth, "Username and Password should be provided")
 
-	config.SetDir("testdata/docker-pull-options")
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_CONFIG", "testdata/docker-pull-options")
 
 	options, err = getImagePullOptions(ctx, NewDockerPullExecutorInput{
 		Image: "nektos/act",
 	})
 	assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create ImagePullOptions") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
 	assert.Equal(t, "eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6InVzZXJuYW1lIiwicGFzc3dvcmQiOiJwYXNzd29yZFxuIiwic2VydmVyYWRkcmVzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8vaW5kZXguZG9ja2VyLmlvL3YxLyJ9", options.RegistryAuth, "RegistryAuth should be taken from local docker config")
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "config.json"), []byte(`{"auths":{"identity.example.com":{"identitytoken":"identity-token"},"registry.example.com":{"registrytoken":"registry-token"}}}`), 0o600))
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_CONFIG", dir)
+	for host, want := range map[string]registry.AuthConfig{
+		"identity.example.com": {IdentityToken: "identity-token", ServerAddress: "identity.example.com"},
+		"registry.example.com": {RegistryToken: "registry-token", ServerAddress: "registry.example.com"},
+	} {
+		options, err := getImagePullOptions(ctx, NewDockerPullExecutorInput{Image: host + "/app"})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, options.RegistryAuth, host)
+		got, err := authconfig.Decode(options.RegistryAuth)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, want, *got)
+	}
 }
 
 // A digest-pinned image is immutable, so its local copy is always current.
@@ -79,11 +95,15 @@ func TestIsPinnedImage(t *testing.T) {
 // The pull path reports a failure the daemon sent mid-stream, so it must carry the reason
 // whichever of the two shapes the daemon used.
 func TestLogDockerResponseError(t *testing.T) {
-	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+	logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
 	streamErr := func(line string) error {
 		return logDockerResponse(logger, io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(line)), false)
 	}
 	require.EqualError(t, streamErr(`{"error":"toomanyrequests: rate limit exceeded"}`), "toomanyrequests: rate limit exceeded")
 	require.EqualError(t, streamErr(`{"errorDetail":{"message":"unexpected EOF"}}`), "unexpected EOF")
 	require.NoError(t, streamErr(`{"status":"Downloading"}`))
+	require.NoError(t, streamErr(`{"stream":"`+strings.Repeat("x", 70000)+`"}`))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, logDockerResponse(logger, io.NopCloser(io.MultiReader(
+		strings.NewReader(`{"status":"Downloading"}`+"\n"), iotest.ErrReader(io.ErrUnexpectedEOF),
+	)), false), io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
 }

act/container/docker_run.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"net"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -25,13 +26,11 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 
-	"dario.cat/mergo"
 	"github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4"
 	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/loader"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/connhelper"
-	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/opts"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/pkg/stdcopy"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/moby/client"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/client/pkg/versions"
 	specs "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 // drainGracePeriod bounds how long we wait for an output-copy goroutine to
@@ -52,15 +50,12 @@ const drainGracePeriod = 2 * time.Second
 
 // NewContainer creates a reference to a container
 func NewContainer(input *NewContainerInput) ExecutionsEnvironment {
-	cr := new(containerReference)
-	cr.input = input
 	// Resolved up front because the image pull runs before the container is created.
 	cf := createFlagsFromOptions(input.allOptions())
 	if cf.platform != "" {
-		cr.input.Platform = cf.platform
+		input.Platform = cf.platform
 	}
-	cr.pullPolicy = cf.pull
-	return cr
+	return &containerReference{input: input, pullPolicy: cf.pull}
 }
 
 // supportsContainerImagePlatform reports whether the Docker server API version
@@ -95,8 +90,8 @@ func (cr *containerReference) Start(attach bool) common.Executor {
 				cr.attach().IfBool(attach),
 				cr.start(),
 				cr.wait().IfBool(attach),
-				cr.tryReadUID(),
-				cr.tryReadGID(),
+				cr.tryReadID("-u", func(id int) { cr.UID = id }),
+				cr.tryReadID("-g", func(id int) { cr.GID = id }),
 				func(ctx context.Context) error {
 					// If this fails, then folders have wrong permissions on non root container
 					if cr.UID != 0 || cr.GID != 0 {
@@ -210,18 +205,30 @@ func (cr *containerReference) DumpLogs(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if cr.id == "" {
 		return cr.missingContainerError("read its logs")
 	}
+	tty, err := cr.containerTTY(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	logs, err := cr.cli.ContainerLogs(ctx, cr.id, client.ContainerLogsOptions{ShowStdout: true, ShowStderr: true})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer logs.Close()
-	return cr.copyOutput(logs)
+	return cr.copyOutput(logs, tty)
+}
+
+func (cr *containerReference) containerTTY(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	inspect, err := cr.cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, cr.id, client.ContainerInspectOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to inspect container: %w", err)
+	}
+	return inspect.Container.Config != nil && inspect.Container.Config.Tty, nil
 }
 
 // copyOutput writes a container stream to the writers the container was created with,
 // demultiplexing it unless the container has a TTY, which sends a single raw stream.
-func (cr *containerReference) copyOutput(stream io.Reader) error {
+func (cr *containerReference) copyOutput(stream io.Reader, tty bool) error {
 	outWriter := cr.input.Stdout
 	if outWriter == nil {
 		outWriter = os.Stdout
@@ -232,7 +239,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) copyOutput(stream io.Reader) error {
 	}
 
 	var err error
-	if !cr.input.AllocatePTY || os.Getenv("NORAW") != "" {
+	if !tty || os.Getenv("NORAW") != "" {
 		_, err = stdcopy.StdCopy(outWriter, errWriter, stream)
 	} else {
 		_, err = io.Copy(outWriter, stream)
@@ -301,11 +308,29 @@ func containerInfoFromInspect(inspect container.InspectResponse) *Info {
 }
 
 func (cr *containerReference) UpdateFromEnv(srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
-	return parseEnvFile(cr, srcPath, env).IfNot(common.Dryrun)
+	return parseEnvFile(cr, srcPath, env, false).IfNot(common.Dryrun)
 }
 
 func (cr *containerReference) UpdateFromImageEnv(env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
-	return cr.extractFromImageEnv(env).IfNot(common.Dryrun)
+	envMap := *env
+	return common.Executor(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		inspect, err := cr.cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, cr.id, client.ContainerInspectOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			common.Logger(ctx).Error(err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("inspect container: %w", err)
+		}
+		if inspect.Container.Config == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		for key, value := range opts.ConvertKVStringsToMap(inspect.Container.Config.Env) {
+			if envMap[key] == "" {
+				envMap[key] = value
+			} else if key == "PATH" {
+				envMap[key] += ":" + value
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}).IfNot(common.Dryrun)
 }
 
 func (cr *containerReference) Exec(command []string, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
@@ -354,15 +379,13 @@ func GetDockerClient(ctx context.Context) (cli client.APIClient, err error) {
 	dockerHost := os.Getenv("DOCKER_HOST")
 
 	if strings.HasPrefix(dockerHost, "ssh://") {
-		var helper *connhelper.ConnectionHelper
-
-		helper, err = connhelper.GetConnectionHelper(dockerHost)
-		if err != nil {
+		var args []string
+		if args, err = sshArgs(dockerHost); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		cli, err = client.New(
-			client.WithHost(helper.Host),
-			client.WithDialContext(helper.Dialer),
+			client.WithHost("http://docker.example.com"), // the dialer below ignores the address
+			client.WithDialContext(func(context.Context, string, string) (net.Conn, error) { return dialCommand("ssh", args...) }),
 		)
 	} else {
 		cli, err = client.New(client.FromEnv)
@@ -380,17 +403,16 @@ func GetDockerClient(ctx context.Context) (cli client.APIClient, err error) {
 	return cli, nil
 }
 
-func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context) (info system.Info, err error) {
-	var cli client.APIClient
-	cli, err = GetDockerClient(ctx)
+func GetHostInfo(ctx context.Context) (system.Info, error) {
+	cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return info, err
+		return system.Info{}, err
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
 	result, err := cli.Info(ctx, client.InfoOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
-		return info, err
+		return system.Info{}, err
 	}
 
 	return result.Info, nil
@@ -462,22 +484,23 @@ func (cr *containerReference) find() common.Executor {
 			}
 			cr.id = ""
 		}
-		containers, err := cr.cli.ContainerList(ctx, client.ContainerListOptions{
-			All: true,
-		})
+		result, err := cr.cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, cr.input.Name, client.ContainerInspectOptions{})
+		if err == nil && result.Container.Name == "/"+cr.input.Name {
+			cr.id = result.Container.ID
+			return nil
+		} else if cerrdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		containers, err := cr.cli.ContainerList(ctx, client.ContainerListOptions{All: true}) // inspect also matches ids, and podman fails it with a 500 for a container removed mid-request
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to list containers: %w", err)
 		}
-
-		for _, c := range containers.Items {
-			for _, name := range c.Names {
-				if name[1:] == cr.input.Name {
-					cr.id = c.ID
-					return nil
-				}
+		for _, candidate := range containers.Items {
+			if slices.Contains(candidate.Names, "/"+cr.input.Name) {
+				cr.id = candidate.ID
+				break
 			}
 		}
-
 		return nil
 	}
 }
@@ -488,7 +511,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) remove() common.Executor {
 		if idOrName == "" && cr.input != nil {
 			idOrName = cr.input.Name
 		}
-		if idOrName == "" {
+		if idOrName == "" || cr.cli == nil {
 			return nil
 		}
 
@@ -544,46 +567,32 @@ func (input *NewContainerInput) allOptions() string {
 	return strings.TrimSpace(input.RunnerOptions + " " + input.WorkflowOptions)
 }
 
-func (cr *containerReference) mergeContainerConfigs(ctx context.Context, config *container.Config, hostConfig *container.HostConfig) (*container.Config, *container.HostConfig, error) {
+func (cr *containerReference) mergeContainerConfigs(ctx context.Context, config *container.Config, hostConfig *container.HostConfig) error {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 	options := cr.input.allOptions()
 
 	if options == "" {
-		return config, hostConfig, nil
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	// For Gitea, checked here because the parse below is what would read those files
 	if err := rejectHostReadingOptions(cr.input.WorkflowOptions); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
+		return err
 	}
 
 	// parse configuration from CLI container.options
 	flags, copts, cf, err := parseContainerOptions(options)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if err := cf.validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot process container options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot process container options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
 	}
 
-	// FIXME: If everything is fine after gitea/act v0.260.0, remove the following comment.
-	// In the old fork version, the code is
-	// if len(copts.netMode.Value()) == 0 {
-	// 	if err = copts.netMode.Set("host"); err != nil {
-	// 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse networkmode=host. This is an internal error and should not happen: '%w'", err)
-	// 	}
-	// }
-	// And it has been commented with:
-	//   If a service container's network is set to `host`, the container will not be able to
-	//   connect to the specified network created for the job container and the service containers.
-	//   So comment out the following code.
-	// Not the if it's necessary to comment it in the new version,
-	// since it's cr.input.NetworkMode now.
-
 	if len(copts.netMode.Value()) == 0 {
 		if err = copts.netMode.Set(cr.input.NetworkMode); err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse networkmode=%s. This is an internal error and should not happen: '%w'", cr.input.NetworkMode, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse networkmode=%s. This is an internal error and should not happen: '%w'", cr.input.NetworkMode, err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -596,7 +605,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) mergeContainerConfigs(ctx context.Context, config
 
 	containerConfig, err := parse(flags, copts, runtime.GOOS)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot process container options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot process container options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
 	}
 	// workflow aliases join the runner's own, deduped so a re-create cannot grow the input
 	for _, endpoint := range containerConfig.NetworkingConfig.EndpointsConfig {
@@ -611,30 +620,24 @@ func (cr *containerReference) mergeContainerConfigs(ctx context.Context, config
 	if !hostConfig.Privileged {
 		trusted, err := parseOptionsHostConfig(cr.input.RunnerOptions)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
+			return err
 		}
 		sanitizeOptionsHostConfig(logger, containerConfig.HostConfig, trusted)
 	}
 
 	logger.Debugf("Custom container.Config from options ==> %+v", containerConfig.Config)
 
-	err = mergo.Merge(config, containerConfig.Config, mergo.WithOverride, mergo.WithAppendSlice)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot merge container.Config options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
-	}
+	overlay(reflect.ValueOf(config).Elem(), reflect.ValueOf(containerConfig.Config).Elem(), true)
 	logger.Debugf("Merged container.Config ==> %+v", config)
 
 	logger.Debugf("Custom container.HostConfig from options ==> %+v", containerConfig.HostConfig)
 
-	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, nil, containerConfig.HostConfig) // a dropped volume must not displace the runner's own
+	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, containerConfig.HostConfig) // a dropped volume must not displace the runner's own
 	overlayVolumes(hostConfig, containerConfig.HostConfig)
 	binds := hostConfig.Binds
 	mounts := hostConfig.Mounts
 	networkMode := hostConfig.NetworkMode
-	err = mergo.Merge(hostConfig, containerConfig.HostConfig, mergo.WithOverride)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot merge container.HostConfig options: '%s': '%w'", options, err)
-	}
+	overlay(reflect.ValueOf(hostConfig).Elem(), reflect.ValueOf(containerConfig.HostConfig).Elem(), false)
 	hostConfig.Binds = binds
 	hostConfig.Mounts = mounts
 	if cf.name != "" {
@@ -644,10 +647,13 @@ func (cr *containerReference) mergeContainerConfigs(ctx context.Context, config
 	if flags.Changed("network") || flags.Changed("net") {
 		logger.Warn("--network and --net in the options will be ignored.")
 	}
+	if len(cr.input.Entrypoint) != 0 && flags.Changed("entrypoint") {
+		logger.Warn("--entrypoint in the options will be ignored.")
+	}
 	hostConfig.NetworkMode = networkMode
 	logger.Debugf("Merged container.HostConfig ==> %+v", hostConfig)
 
-	return config, hostConfig, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
@@ -673,17 +679,11 @@ func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 			ExposedPorts: exposedPorts,
 			Tty:          input.AllocatePTY,
 		}
-		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
-		// logger.Debugf("Common container.Config ==> %+v", config)
 
 		if len(input.Cmd) != 0 {
 			config.Cmd = input.Cmd
 		}
 
-		if len(input.Entrypoint) != 0 {
-			config.Entrypoint = input.Entrypoint
-		}
-
 		mounts := make([]mount.Mount, 0)
 		for mountSource, mountTarget := range input.Mounts {
 			mounts = append(mounts, mount.Mount{
@@ -718,29 +718,25 @@ func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 			PortBindings: portBindings,
 			AutoRemove:   input.AutoRemove,
 		}
-		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
-		// logger.Debugf("Common container.HostConfig ==> %+v", hostConfig)
 
-		config, hostConfig, err = cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, config, hostConfig)
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, config, hostConfig); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
+		if len(input.Entrypoint) != 0 {
+			config.Entrypoint = input.Entrypoint
+		}
+
 		// For Gitea
-		config, hostConfig = cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, config, hostConfig)
+		cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConfig)
 
 		var networkingConfig *network.NetworkingConfig
-		// For Gitea, reduce log noise
-		// logger.Debugf("input.NetworkAliases ==> %v", input.NetworkAliases)
 		n := hostConfig.NetworkMode
 		// IsUserDefined and IsHost are broken on windows
 		if n.IsUserDefined() && n != "host" && len(input.NetworkAliases) > 0 {
-			endpointConfig := &network.EndpointSettings{
-				Aliases: input.NetworkAliases,
-			}
 			networkingConfig = &network.NetworkingConfig{
 				EndpointsConfig: map[string]*network.EndpointSettings{
-					input.NetworkMode: endpointConfig,
+					input.NetworkMode: {Aliases: input.NetworkAliases},
 				},
 			}
 		}
@@ -764,44 +760,6 @@ func (cr *containerReference) create(capAdd, capDrop []string) common.Executor {
 	}
 }
 
-func (cr *containerReference) extractFromImageEnv(env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
-	envMap := *env
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
-
-		inspect, err := cr.cli.ImageInspect(ctx, cr.input.Image)
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Error(err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("inspect image: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if inspect.Config == nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		imageEnv, err := godotenv.Unmarshal(strings.Join(inspect.Config.Env, "\n"))
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Error(err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("unmarshal image env: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		for k, v := range imageEnv {
-			if k == "PATH" {
-				if envMap[k] == "" {
-					envMap[k] = v
-				} else {
-					envMap[k] += `:` + v
-				}
-			} else if envMap[k] == "" {
-				envMap[k] = v
-			}
-		}
-
-		env = &envMap
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
 func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if cr.id == "" {
@@ -819,20 +777,11 @@ func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, wo
 
 		logger.Debugf("Exec command '%s'", cmd)
 		isTerminal := cr.input.AllocatePTY
-		envList := make([]string, 0)
-		for k, v := range env {
-			envList = append(envList, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", k, v))
-		}
-
-		var wd string
-		if workdir != "" {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(workdir, "/") {
-				wd = workdir
-			} else {
-				wd = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", cr.input.WorkingDir, workdir)
-			}
-		} else {
-			wd = cr.input.WorkingDir
+		wd := cr.input.WorkingDir
+		if strings.HasPrefix(workdir, "/") {
+			wd = workdir
+		} else if workdir != "" {
+			wd = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", cr.input.WorkingDir, workdir)
 		}
 		logger.Debugf("Working directory '%s'", wd)
 
@@ -840,7 +789,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, wo
 			User:         user,
 			Cmd:          cmd,
 			WorkingDir:   wd,
-			Env:          envList,
+			Env:          getEnvListFromMap(env),
 			TTY:          isTerminal,
 			AttachStderr: true,
 			AttachStdout: true,
@@ -857,8 +806,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) exec(cmd []string, env map[string]string, user, wo
 		}
 		defer resp.Close()
 
-		err = cr.waitForCommand(ctx, resp.HijackedResponse, idResp, user, workdir)
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := cr.waitForCommand(ctx, resp.HijackedResponse); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -907,15 +855,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) tryReadID(opt string, cbk func(id int)) common.Exe
 	}
 }
 
-func (cr *containerReference) tryReadUID() common.Executor {
-	return cr.tryReadID("-u", func(id int) { cr.UID = id })
-}
-
-func (cr *containerReference) tryReadGID() common.Executor {
-	return cr.tryReadID("-g", func(id int) { cr.GID = id })
-}
-
-func (cr *containerReference) waitForCommand(ctx context.Context, resp client.HijackedResponse, _ client.ExecCreateResult, _, _ string) error {
+func (cr *containerReference) waitForCommand(ctx context.Context, resp client.HijackedResponse) error {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 
 	// Buffered so the copy goroutine never blocks on send if the grace-period
@@ -923,7 +863,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) waitForCommand(ctx context.Context, resp client.Hi
 	cmdResponse := make(chan error, 1)
 
 	go func() {
-		cmdResponse <- cr.copyOutput(resp.Reader)
+		cmdResponse <- cr.copyOutput(resp.Reader, cr.input.AllocatePTY)
 	}()
 
 	select {
@@ -939,7 +879,10 @@ func (cr *containerReference) waitForCommand(ctx context.Context, resp client.Hi
 		// truncate the tail of the log. The goroutine exits once the hijacked
 		// stream is closed by resp.Close() in the caller's defer.
 		select {
-		case <-cmdResponse:
+		case err := <-cmdResponse:
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Debugf("Failed to drain command output after cancellation: %v", err)
+			}
 		case <-time.After(drainGracePeriod):
 			logger.Warn("Timed out draining command output after cancellation")
 		}
@@ -948,15 +891,12 @@ func (cr *containerReference) waitForCommand(ctx context.Context, resp client.Hi
 		// from executing
 		return ctx.Err()
 	case err := <-cmdResponse:
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Error(err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
+		return err
 	}
 }
 
 func (cr *containerReference) copyDir(dstPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore, skipGitDir bool) common.Executor {
+	dstPath = path.Clean(dstPath)
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if cr.id == "" {
 			return cr.missingContainerError("copy directory to %s", dstPath)
@@ -967,34 +907,27 @@ func (cr *containerReference) copyDir(dstPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore, ski
 			return err
 		}
 		logger.Debugf("Writing tarball %s from %s", tarFile.Name(), srcPath)
-		defer func(tarFile *os.File) {
-			name := tarFile.Name()
-			err := tarFile.Close()
-			if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
+		defer func() {
+			if err := tarFile.Close(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
 				logger.Error(err)
 			}
-			err = os.Remove(name)
-			if err != nil {
+			if err := os.Remove(tarFile.Name()); err != nil {
 				logger.Error(err)
 			}
-		}(tarFile)
-		if err := writeDirTar(ctx, tarFile, dstPath, srcPath, useGitIgnore, skipGitDir, cr.UID, cr.GID); err != nil {
+		}()
+		extractionRoot := "/"
+		if actPath := cr.GetActPath(); strings.HasPrefix(dstPath+"/", actPath+"/") {
+			extractionRoot = actPath // keeps tar entries from crossing the image's /var/run symlink
+		}
+		if err := writeDirTar(ctx, tarFile, path.Join("/", strings.TrimPrefix(dstPath, extractionRoot)), srcPath, useGitIgnore, skipGitDir, cr.UID, cr.GID); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
 		logger.Debugf("Extracting content from '%s' to '%s'", tarFile.Name(), dstPath)
-		_, err = tarFile.Seek(0, 0)
-		if err != nil {
+		if _, err := tarFile.Seek(0, 0); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to seek tar archive: %w", err)
 		}
-		_, err = cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, client.CopyToContainerOptions{
-			DestinationPath: "/",
-			Content:         tarFile,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy content to container: %w", err)
-		}
-		return nil
+		return cr.upload(ctx, extractionRoot, tarFile)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1009,19 +942,23 @@ func (cr *containerReference) copyContent(dstPath string, files ...*FileEntry) c
 		}
 
 		common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Extracting content to '%s'", dstPath)
-		_, err := cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, client.CopyToContainerOptions{
-			DestinationPath: dstPath,
-			Content:         &buf,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy content to container: %w", err)
-		}
-		return nil
+		return cr.upload(ctx, dstPath, &buf)
 	}
 }
 
+func (cr *containerReference) upload(ctx context.Context, dstPath string, content io.Reader) error {
+	if _, err := cr.cli.CopyToContainer(ctx, cr.id, client.CopyToContainerOptions{DestinationPath: dstPath, Content: content}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy content to container: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (cr *containerReference) attach() common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		tty, err := cr.containerTTY(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 		out, err := cr.cli.ContainerAttach(ctx, cr.id, client.ContainerAttachOptions{
 			Stream: true,
 			Stdout: true,
@@ -1032,9 +969,12 @@ func (cr *containerReference) attach() common.Executor {
 		}
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		cr.attachDone = done
+		stopClose := context.AfterFunc(ctx, out.Close)
 		go func() {
 			defer close(done)
-			if copyErr := cr.copyOutput(out.Reader); copyErr != nil {
+			defer out.Close()
+			defer stopClose()
+			if copyErr := cr.copyOutput(out.Reader, tty); copyErr != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
 				common.Logger(ctx).Error(copyErr)
 			}
 		}()
@@ -1069,6 +1009,9 @@ func (cr *containerReference) wait() common.Executor {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to wait for container: %w", err)
 			}
 		case status := <-waitResult.Result:
+			if status.Error != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to wait for container: %s", status.Error.Message)
+			}
 			statusCode = status.StatusCode
 		}
 
@@ -1098,7 +1041,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) wait() common.Executor {
 // sanitizeOptionsHostConfig takes back everything a workflow could escape the container with,
 // setting each field to trusted, which is what the runner's own options parse to on their own.
 // Only for unprivileged mode, since privileged mode grants host access anyway.
-func sanitizeOptionsHostConfig(logger logrus.FieldLogger, hostConfig, trusted *container.HostConfig) {
+func sanitizeOptionsHostConfig(logger *logging.Logger, hostConfig, trusted *container.HostConfig) {
 	resetOption(logger, "--pid", &hostConfig.PidMode, trusted.PidMode)
 	resetOption(logger, "--ipc", &hostConfig.IpcMode, trusted.IpcMode)
 	resetOption(logger, "--uts", &hostConfig.UTSMode, trusted.UTSMode)
@@ -1137,7 +1080,7 @@ func sanitizeOptionsHostConfig(logger logrus.FieldLogger, hostConfig, trusted *c
 
 // resetOption puts a field back to the runner's own value. It compares the values rather than
 // the flags, so a field that more than one option feeds cannot slip through.
-func resetOption[T any](logger logrus.FieldLogger, option string, field *T, trusted T) {
+func resetOption[T any](logger *logging.Logger, option string, field *T, trusted T) {
 	if reflect.DeepEqual(*field, trusted) {
 		return
 	}
@@ -1159,9 +1102,7 @@ func parseOptionsHostConfig(options string) (*container.HostConfig, error) {
 	return containerConfig.HostConfig, nil
 }
 
-// For Gitea
-// sanitizeConfig remove the invalid configurations from `config` and `hostConfig`
-func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *container.Config, hostConfig *container.HostConfig) (*container.Config, *container.HostConfig) {
+func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, hostConfig *container.HostConfig) {
 	logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 	matcher := newValidVolumeMatcher(ctx, cr.input.ValidVolumes)
 
@@ -1169,7 +1110,7 @@ func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *contai
 		// sanitize binds
 		sanitizedBinds := make([]string, 0, len(hostConfig.Binds))
 		for _, bind := range hostConfig.Binds {
-			parsed, err := loader.ParseVolume(bind)
+			parsed, err := ParseVolume(bind)
 			if err != nil {
 				logger.Warnf("parse volume [%s] error: %v", bind, err)
 				continue
@@ -1179,8 +1120,8 @@ func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *contai
 				sanitizedBinds = append(sanitizedBinds, bind)
 				continue
 			}
-			if matcher.isValid(parsed.Source, mount.Type(parsed.Type), parsed.ReadOnly) {
-				if matcher.needsNoCopy(parsed.Source, mount.Type(parsed.Type)) && (parsed.Volume == nil || !parsed.Volume.NoCopy) {
+			if matcher.isValid(parsed.Source, parsed.Type, parsed.ReadOnly) {
+				if matcher.needsNoCopy(parsed.Source, parsed.Type) && !parsed.NoCopy {
 					bind += ",nocopy"
 				}
 				sanitizedBinds = append(sanitizedBinds, bind)
@@ -1210,19 +1151,65 @@ func (cr *containerReference) sanitizeConfig(ctx context.Context, config *contai
 		}
 	}
 	hostConfig.Mounts = sanitizedMounts
-
-	return config, hostConfig
 }
 
 func SanitizeBinds(ctx context.Context, validVolumes, binds []string) []string {
 	cr := &containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{ValidVolumes: validVolumes}}
-	_, hostConfig := cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, nil, &container.HostConfig{Binds: binds})
+	hostConfig := &container.HostConfig{Binds: binds}
+	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConfig)
 	return hostConfig.Binds
 }
 
+func overlay(dst, src reflect.Value, appendSlices bool) {
+	switch dst.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		opaque := true
+		for i := range dst.NumField() {
+			if dst.Type().Field(i).IsExported() {
+				opaque = false
+				overlay(dst.Field(i), src.Field(i), appendSlices)
+			}
+		}
+		if opaque {
+			dst.Set(src)
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if src.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		if dst.IsNil() {
+			dst.Set(reflect.MakeMap(dst.Type()))
+		}
+		for key, value := range src.Seq2() {
+			dst.SetMapIndex(key, value)
+		}
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		if appendSlices {
+			dst.Set(reflect.AppendSlice(dst, src))
+		} else if src.Len() > 0 {
+			dst.Set(src)
+		}
+	case reflect.Pointer:
+		if src.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		if dst.IsNil() {
+			dst.Set(src)
+			return
+		}
+		overlay(dst.Elem(), src.Elem(), appendSlices)
+	case reflect.Array:
+		dst.Set(src)
+	default:
+		if !src.IsZero() {
+			dst.Set(src)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // bindTarget returns the container path a bind mounts onto, empty if it cannot be parsed.
 func bindTarget(bind string) string {
-	parsed, err := loader.ParseVolume(bind)
+	parsed, err := ParseVolume(bind)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}

act/container/docker_run_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package container
 
 import (
+	"archive/tar"
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
@@ -12,12 +13,18 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
 
 	cerrdefs "github.com/containerd/errdefs"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/pkg/stdcopy"
@@ -25,50 +32,33 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
 	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/network"
 	mobyclient "github.com/moby/moby/client"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestDocker(t *testing.T) {
-	requireDocker(t)
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	client, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	dockerBuild := NewDockerBuildExecutor(NewDockerBuildExecutorInput{
-		ContextDir: "testdata",
-		ImageTag:   "envmergetest",
-	})
-
-	err = dockerBuild(ctx)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-
-	cr := &containerReference{
-		cli: client,
-		input: &NewContainerInput{
-			Image: "envmergetest",
-		},
-	}
+func TestDockerEnvironmentUsesContainerPath(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ContainerInspect", mock.Anything, "amd64-job", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{Container: container.InspectResponse{Config: &container.Config{Env: []string{
+			"PATH=/opt/node/x64/bin:/usr/bin:/bin", "CONFLICT_VAR=container-value", "SOME_RANDOM_VAR=",
+			"ANOTHER_ONE=old-value", "ANOTHER_ONE=BUT_I_HAVE_VALUE", "LITERAL='quoted'=$HOME\nsecond line",
+		}}}}, nil)
 	env := map[string]string{
-		"PATH":         "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin",
+		"PATH":         "/custom/bin",
 		"RANDOM_VAR":   "WITH_VALUE",
 		"ANOTHER_VAR":  "",
-		"CONFLICT_VAR": "I_EXIST_IN_MULTIPLE_PLACES",
+		"CONFLICT_VAR": "step-value",
 	}
-
-	envExecutor := cr.extractFromImageEnv(&env)
-	err = envExecutor(ctx)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, (&containerReference{cli: client, id: "amd64-job"}).UpdateFromImageEnv(&env)(t.Context()))
 	assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{
-		"PATH":            "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/this/path/does/not/exists/anywhere:/this/either",
+		"PATH":            "/custom/bin:/opt/node/x64/bin:/usr/bin:/bin",
 		"RANDOM_VAR":      "WITH_VALUE",
 		"ANOTHER_VAR":     "",
 		"SOME_RANDOM_VAR": "",
 		"ANOTHER_ONE":     "BUT_I_HAVE_VALUE",
-		"CONFLICT_VAR":    "I_EXIST_IN_MULTIPLE_PLACES",
+		"CONFLICT_VAR":    "step-value",
+		"LITERAL":         "'quoted'=$HOME\nsecond line",
 	}, env)
 }
 
@@ -102,6 +92,16 @@ func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerAttach(ctx context.Context, containerID stri
 	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerAttachResult), args.Error(1)
 }
 
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerLogs(ctx context.Context, containerID string, opts mobyclient.ContainerLogsOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerLogsResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, containerID, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerLogsResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerStart(ctx context.Context, containerID string, opts mobyclient.ContainerStartOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerStartResult, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, containerID, opts)
+	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerStartResult), args.Error(1)
+}
+
 func (m *mockDockerClient) ContainerWait(ctx context.Context, containerID string, opts mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions) mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult {
 	args := m.Called(ctx, containerID, opts)
 	return args.Get(0).(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult)
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ func (r *interruptReader) Read(_ []byte) (int, error) {
 type mockConn struct {
 	net.Conn
 	mock.Mock
+	closed atomic.Bool
 }
 
 func (m *mockConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
@@ -176,11 +177,12 @@ func (m *mockConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 }
 
 func (m *mockConn) Close() (err error) {
+	m.closed.Store(true)
 	return nil
 }
 
 func TestDockerExecAbort(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 
 	reader := &interruptReader{started: make(chan struct{}), interrupted: make(chan struct{}), stopped: make(chan struct{})}
 	conn := &mockConn{}
@@ -196,11 +198,9 @@ func TestDockerExecAbort(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 
 	cr := &containerReference{
-		id:  "123",
-		cli: client,
-		input: &NewContainerInput{
-			Image: "image",
-		},
+		id:    "123",
+		cli:   client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{},
 	}
 
 	channel := make(chan error)
@@ -221,14 +221,12 @@ func TestDockerExecAbort(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDockerExecFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	conn := &mockConn{}
+	ctx := t.Context()
 
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
 	client.On("ExecCreate", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecCreateOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecCreateResult{ID: "id"}, nil)
 	client.On("ExecAttach", ctx, "id", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecAttachOptions")).Return(mobyclient.ExecAttachResult{
-		Conn:   conn,
+		Conn:   &mockConn{},
 		Reader: bufio.NewReader(strings.NewReader("output")),
 	}, nil)
 	client.On("ExecInspect", ctx, "id", mobyclient.ExecInspectOptions{}).Return(mobyclient.ExecInspectResult{
@@ -236,11 +234,9 @@ func TestDockerExecFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 
 	cr := &containerReference{
-		id:  "123",
-		cli: client,
-		input: &NewContainerInput{
-			Image: "image",
-		},
+		id:    "123",
+		cli:   client,
+		input: &NewContainerInput{},
 	}
 
 	err := cr.exec([]string{""}, map[string]string{}, "user", "workdir")(ctx)
@@ -249,7 +245,21 @@ func TestDockerExecFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, ExitCodeError(1), exitErr)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Process completed with exit code 1.", err.Error())
 
-	conn.AssertExpectations(t)
+	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+func TestDockerExecStreamFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ExecCreate", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecCreateOptions")).
+		Return(mobyclient.ExecCreateResult{ID: "id"}, nil)
+	client.On("ExecAttach", ctx, "id", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ExecAttachOptions")).
+		Return(mobyclient.ExecAttachResult{
+			Conn:   &mockConn{},
+			Reader: bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(stdcopyFrame(stdcopy.Systemerr, "unable to start exec"))),
+		}, nil)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, (&containerReference{id: "123", cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{}}).
+		exec([]string{"sh"}, nil, "", "")(ctx), "unable to start exec")
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
@@ -264,86 +274,89 @@ func stdcopyFrame(stream stdcopy.StdType, payload string) []byte {
 	return b
 }
 
-// TestDockerAttachFlushesTrailingLine verifies that wait() blocks until the
-// attach() streaming goroutine has drained and flushed the container's output,
-// so a final line without a trailing newline is not lost.
 func TestDockerAttachFlushesTrailingLine(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
+		name string
+		tty  bool
+	}{
+		{name: "multiplexed"},
+		{name: "tty from container options", tty: true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := t.Context()
+			output := []byte("line one\nlast line without newline")
+			if !testcase.tty {
+				output = stdcopyFrame(stdcopy.Stdout, string(output))
+			}
+			var lines []string
+			logWriter := common.NewLineWriter(func(line string) bool {
+				lines = append(lines, line)
+				return true
+			})
+			client := &mockDockerClient{}
+			client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "123", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
+				Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{Container: container.InspectResponse{Config: &container.Config{Tty: testcase.tty}}}, nil)
+			conn := &mockConn{}
+			client.On("ContainerAttach", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ContainerAttachOptions")).
+				Return(mobyclient.ContainerAttachResult{
+					Conn:   conn,
+					Reader: bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(output)),
+				}, nil)
+			client.On("ContainerLogs", ctx, "123", mobyclient.ContainerLogsOptions{ShowStdout: true, ShowStderr: true}).
+				Return(io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(output)), nil)
+			statusCh := make(chan container.WaitResponse, 1)
+			statusCh <- container.WaitResponse{StatusCode: 0}
+			client.On("ContainerWait", ctx, "123", mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions{Condition: container.WaitConditionNotRunning}).
+				Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{Result: statusCh})
+			cr := &containerReference{id: "123", cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Stdout: logWriter, Stderr: logWriter}}
 
-	framed := bytes.NewBuffer(stdcopyFrame(stdcopy.Stdout, "line one\nlast line without newline"))
-
-	var lines []string
-	logWriter := common.NewLineWriter(func(s string) bool {
-		lines = append(lines, s)
-		return true
-	})
-
-	client := &mockDockerClient{}
-	client.On("ContainerAttach", ctx, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ContainerAttachOptions")).
-		Return(mobyclient.ContainerAttachResult{
-			Conn:   &mockConn{},
-			Reader: bufio.NewReader(framed),
-		}, nil)
-
-	statusCh := make(chan container.WaitResponse, 1)
-	statusCh <- container.WaitResponse{StatusCode: 0}
-	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
-	client.On("ContainerWait", ctx, "123", mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions{Condition: container.WaitConditionNotRunning}).
-		Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{
-			Result: (<-chan container.WaitResponse)(statusCh),
-			Error:  (<-chan error)(errCh),
+			require.NoError(t, cr.attach()(ctx))
+			require.NoError(t, cr.wait()(ctx))
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{"line one\n", "last line without newline"}, lines)
+			assert.True(t, conn.closed.Load())
+			require.NoError(t, cr.DumpLogs(ctx))
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{"line one\n", "last line without newline", "line one\n", "last line without newline"}, lines)
+			client.AssertExpectations(t)
 		})
-
-	cr := &containerReference{
-		id:  "123",
-		cli: client,
-		input: &NewContainerInput{
-			Image:  "image",
-			Stdout: logWriter,
-			Stderr: logWriter,
-		},
 	}
+}
 
-	require.NoError(t, cr.attach()(ctx))
-	require.NoError(t, cr.wait()(ctx))
-
-	// wait() must have blocked until the goroutine drained AND flushed; the
-	// trailing, non-newline-terminated line must therefore be present. Reading
-	// lines here is race-free because wait() synchronizes on attachDone, which
-	// the goroutine closes after the final append.
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"line one\n", "last line without newline"}, lines)
+func TestDockerAttachStreamClosesWithItsContext(t *testing.T) {
+	conn, peer := net.Pipe()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = peer.Close() })
+	client := &mockDockerClient{}
+	client.On("ContainerInspect", mock.Anything, "123", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{Container: container.InspectResponse{Config: &container.Config{}}}, nil)
+	client.On("ContainerAttach", mock.Anything, "123", mock.AnythingOfType("client.ContainerAttachOptions")).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerAttachResult{HijackedResponse: mobyclient.NewHijackedResponse(conn, "")}, nil)
+	client.On("ContainerStart", mock.Anything, "123", mobyclient.ContainerStartOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerStartResult{}, errors.New("container start failed"))
+	cr := &containerReference{id: "123", cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{}}
 
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	require.ErrorContains(t, cr.Start(true)(ctx), "container start failed")
+	cancel()
+	<-cr.attachDone
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
 func TestDockerWaitFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	statusCh := make(chan container.WaitResponse, 1)
 	statusCh <- container.WaitResponse{StatusCode: 2}
-	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
-
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
 	client.On("ContainerWait", ctx, "123", mobyclient.ContainerWaitOptions{Condition: container.WaitConditionNotRunning}).
-		Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{
-			Result: (<-chan container.WaitResponse)(statusCh),
-			Error:  (<-chan error)(errCh),
-		})
-
-	cr := &containerReference{
-		id:  "123",
-		cli: client,
-		input: &NewContainerInput{
-			Image: "image",
-		},
-	}
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerWaitResult{Result: statusCh})
+	cr := &containerReference{id: "123", cli: client}
 
 	err := cr.wait()(ctx)
 	var exitErr ExitCodeError
 	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &exitErr)
 	assert.Equal(t, ExitCodeError(2), exitErr)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Process completed with exit code 2.", err.Error())
-
+	statusCh <- container.WaitResponse{Error: &container.WaitExitError{Message: "container wait failed"}}
+	require.EqualError(t, cr.wait()(ctx), "failed to wait for container: container wait failed")
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
@@ -368,8 +381,8 @@ func TestRemoveIgnoresAutoRemoveRace(t *testing.T) {
 		{name: "real failure", err: removeFailure, wantErr: removeFailure},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			logger, hook := test.NewNullLogger()
-			ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+			logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
+			ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger)
 			client := &mockDockerClient{}
 			client.On("ContainerKill", ctx, "abc", killOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerKillResult{}, nil)
 			client.On("ContainerRemove", ctx, "abc", removeOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerRemoveResult{}, tc.err)
@@ -392,7 +405,7 @@ func TestRemoveIgnoresAutoRemoveRace(t *testing.T) {
 			} else {
 				assert.Empty(t, cr.id)
 			}
-			assert.Empty(t, hook.AllEntries())
+			assert.Empty(t, hook.AllRecords())
 			client.AssertExpectations(t)
 		})
 	}
@@ -402,7 +415,7 @@ func TestRemoveIgnoresAutoRemoveRace(t *testing.T) {
 // create() lost its reply, must still be removed rather than leaking with its network. It
 // was never started here, so it is not worth a kill of its own.
 func TestRemoveWithoutIDUsesName(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
 	client.On("ContainerRemove", ctx, "job-1", mobyclient.ContainerRemoveOptions{RemoveVolumes: true, Force: true}).
 		Return(mobyclient.ContainerRemoveResult{}, nil)
@@ -412,70 +425,88 @@ func TestRemoveWithoutIDUsesName(t *testing.T) {
 	client.AssertExpectations(t)
 }
 
-// find() must drop a stale cached id so later Copy/Exec don't hit the
-// daemon with a torn-down container.
+func TestRemovePreservesClientCreationError(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", "://")
+
+	require.ErrorContains(t, (&containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}).
+		Remove()(t.Context()), "failed to connect to docker daemon")
+}
+
 func TestFindRevalidatesStaleID(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	inspectOpts := mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}
 	notFound := cerrdefs.ErrNotFound.WithMessage("No such container")
 	boom := errors.New("daemon unreachable")
-	newCR := func(id string) (*containerReference, *mockDockerClient) {
-		client := &mockDockerClient{}
-		return &containerReference{id: id, cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}, client
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name, cachedID string
+		cachedErr      error
+		lookup         container.InspectResponse
+		lookupErr      error
+		listed         []container.Summary
+		wantID         string
+		retryList      bool
+	}{
+		{name: "stale id cleared, name lookup empty", cachedID: "stale", cachedErr: notFound, lookupErr: notFound},
+		{name: "stale id cleared, name lookup repopulates", cachedID: "stale", cachedErr: notFound, lookup: container.InspectResponse{ID: "fresh", Name: "/job-1"}, wantID: "fresh"},
+		{name: "id match falls back to listing", lookup: container.InspectResponse{ID: "job-1abc", Name: "/somebody-else"}, listed: []container.Summary{{ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}}}, wantID: "fresh"},
+		{name: "live id kept", cachedID: "live", wantID: "live"},
+		{name: "transient inspect error trusts cache", cachedID: "live", cachedErr: boom, wantID: "live"},
+		{name: "name lookup error falls back to listing", lookupErr: boom, listed: []container.Summary{{ID: "other", Names: []string{"/somebody-else"}}, {ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}}}, wantID: "fresh", retryList: true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			client := &mockDockerClient{}
+			cr := &containerReference{id: tc.cachedID, cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
+			if tc.cachedID != "" {
+				client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, tc.cachedID, inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, tc.cachedErr)
+			}
+			if tc.cachedID == "" || cerrdefs.IsNotFound(tc.cachedErr) {
+				client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "job-1", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{Container: tc.lookup}, tc.lookupErr)
+			}
+			if tc.listed != nil {
+				client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: tc.listed}, nil).Once()
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantID, cr.id)
+			if tc.retryList {
+				client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, boom)
+				cr.id = ""
+				require.ErrorIs(t, cr.find()(ctx), boom)
+			}
+			client.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
 	}
-	listOpts := mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}
-	inspectOpts := mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}
+}
 
-	t.Run("stale id cleared, name lookup empty", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cr, client := newCR("stale")
-		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, notFound)
-		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, nil)
-		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
-		assert.Empty(t, cr.id)
-		client.AssertExpectations(t)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("stale id cleared, name lookup repopulates", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cr, client := newCR("stale")
-		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, notFound)
-		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: []container.Summary{
-			{ID: "other", Names: []string{"/somebody-else"}},
-			{ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}},
-		}}, nil)
-		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
-		assert.Equal(t, "fresh", cr.id)
-		client.AssertExpectations(t)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("live id kept", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cr, client := newCR("live")
-		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "live", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, nil)
-		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
-		assert.Equal(t, "live", cr.id)
-		client.AssertExpectations(t)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("transient inspect error trusts cache", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cr, client := newCR("live")
-		client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "live", inspectOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, boom)
-		require.NoError(t, cr.find()(ctx))
-		assert.Equal(t, "live", cr.id)
-		client.AssertExpectations(t)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("list error propagates", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cr, client := newCR("")
-		client.On("ContainerList", ctx, listOpts).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, boom)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, cr.find()(ctx), boom)
-		client.AssertExpectations(t)
-	})
+func TestRunnerArchCachedPerRun(t *testing.T) {
+	var infos atomic.Int32
+	daemon := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		writer.Header().Set("API-Version", "1.47")
+		if strings.HasSuffix(request.URL.Path, "/info") {
+			infos.Add(1)
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, `{"Architecture":"aarch64"}`)
+		}
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(daemon.Close)
+	t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", daemon.URL)
+	extensions := &LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions{}
+	run := WithRunnerArch(t.Context())
+	var lookups sync.WaitGroup
+	for range 4 {
+		lookups.Go(func() { assert.Equal(t, "ARM64", extensions.GetRunnerContext(run)["arch"]) })
+	}
+	lookups.Wait()
+	assert.Equal(t, "ARM64", extensions.GetRunnerContext(t.Context())["arch"])
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 2, infos.Load())
 }
 
 // Every daemon entry point fails fast with a clear, container-named
 // error when no live cr.id is known.
 func TestRejectsMissingContainer(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	client := &mockDockerClient{}
-	client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{}, nil)
+	client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "job-1", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
+		Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound)
 	cr := &containerReference{cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
 	check := func(op string, err error) {
 		t.Helper()
@@ -498,30 +529,47 @@ func TestRejectsMissingContainer(t *testing.T) {
 	check("Inspect after removal", err)
 }
 
-// End-to-end: a stale cr.id is cleared, repopulated from name lookup,
-// and the Copy completes against the fresh id.
 func TestPublicCopyPipelineHandlesStaleID(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	client := &mockDockerClient{}
-	client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
-		Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound.WithMessage("gone"))
-	client.On("ContainerList", ctx, mobyclient.ContainerListOptions{All: true}).
-		Return(mobyclient.ContainerListResult{Items: []container.Summary{
-			{ID: "fresh", Names: []string{"/job-1"}},
-		}}, nil)
-	client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "fresh", mock.MatchedBy(func(opts mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions) bool {
-		return opts.DestinationPath == "/var/run/act"
-	})).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil)
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
+		name, destination, extractionRoot, entry string
+		directory                                bool
+	}{
+		{name: "files", destination: "/var/run/act", extractionRoot: "/var/run/act", entry: "x"},
+		{name: "action below act volume", directory: true, destination: "/var/run/act/actions/checkout/", extractionRoot: "/var/run/act", entry: "actions/checkout/x"},
+		{name: "sibling prefix", directory: true, destination: "/var/run/actor/action", extractionRoot: "/", entry: "var/run/actor/action/x"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			hook := logtest.NewWithLevel(logging.LevelError)
+			ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.New(hook))
+			client := &mockDockerClient{}
+			client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "stale", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
+				Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{}, cerrdefs.ErrNotFound.WithMessage("gone"))
+			client.On("ContainerInspect", ctx, "job-1", mobyclient.ContainerInspectOptions{}).
+				Return(mobyclient.ContainerInspectResult{Container: container.InspectResponse{ID: "fresh", Name: "/job-1"}}, nil)
+			client.On("CopyToContainer", ctx, "fresh", mock.Anything).
+				Run(func(args mock.Arguments) {
+					opts := args.Get(2).(mobyclient.CopyToContainerOptions)
+					assert.Equal(t, testcase.extractionRoot, opts.DestinationPath)
+					header, err := tar.NewReader(opts.Content).Next()
+					require.NoError(t, err)
+					assert.Equal(t, testcase.entry, header.Name)
+				}).Return(mobyclient.CopyToContainerResult{}, nil).Once()
 
-	cr := &containerReference{id: "stale", cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
-	require.NoError(t, cr.Copy("/var/run/act", &FileEntry{Name: "x", Mode: 0o644})(ctx))
-	assert.Equal(t, "fresh", cr.id)
-	client.AssertExpectations(t)
+			cr := &containerReference{id: "stale", cli: client, input: &NewContainerInput{Name: "job-1"}}
+			if testcase.directory {
+				source := t.TempDir()
+				require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(source, "x"), nil, 0o644))
+				require.NoError(t, cr.CopyDir(testcase.destination, source+string(filepath.Separator), false, true)(ctx))
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, cr.Copy(testcase.destination, &FileEntry{Name: "x", Mode: 0o644})(ctx))
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, "fresh", cr.id)
+			assert.Empty(t, hook.AllRecords())
+			client.AssertExpectations(t)
+		})
+	}
 }
 
-// Type assert containerReference implements ExecutionsEnvironment
-var _ ExecutionsEnvironment = &containerReference{}
-
 func TestCheckVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		desc           string
@@ -609,17 +657,18 @@ func TestCheckVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
-			logger, hook := test.NewNullLogger()
-			ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+			logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
+			ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger)
 			cr := &containerReference{
 				input: &NewContainerInput{
 					ValidVolumes: tc.validVolumes,
 				},
 			}
-			_, hostConf := cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{Binds: tc.binds, Mounts: tc.mounts})
+			hostConf := &container.HostConfig{Binds: tc.binds, Mounts: tc.mounts}
+			cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConf)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedBinds, hostConf.Binds)
 			assert.ElementsMatch(t, tc.expectedMounts, hostConf.Mounts)
-			assert.Len(t, hook.AllEntries(), len(tc.binds)+len(tc.mounts)-len(tc.expectedBinds)-len(tc.expectedMounts)) // every drop is warned about
+			assert.Len(t, hook.AllRecords(), len(tc.binds)+len(tc.mounts)-len(tc.expectedBinds)-len(tc.expectedMounts))
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -639,41 +688,35 @@ func TestMergeContainerConfigsDropsVolumeDriversFromWorkflows(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "job-escape", hostConfig.Mounts[0].Source)
 }
 
-// Both of these are read here, on the runner, so a workflow could read the runner's files
-// and environment with them.
 func TestMergeContainerConfigsKeepsTheRunnersFilesAndEnvToItself(t *testing.T) {
 	hostFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "host.env")
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(hostFile, []byte("STOLEN=from-the-host\n"), 0o600))
 	t.Setenv("RUNNER_SECRET", "s3cr3t")
 
 	for _, option := range []string{"--env-file " + hostFile, "--label-file " + hostFile} {
-		logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+		logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
 		cr := &containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{NetworkMode: "bridge", WorkflowOptions: option}}
 
-		_, _, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{})
-		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "not allowed in a workflow")
+		require.ErrorContains(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{}), "not allowed in a workflow")
 
-		// the runner reading its own files is what those options are for
 		cr = &containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{NetworkMode: "bridge", RunnerOptions: option}}
-		_, _, err = cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{}))
 	}
 
-	// a bare name is no longer resolved from the runner's environment, for either source
-	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+	logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
 	cr := &containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{
 		NetworkMode:     "bridge",
 		RunnerOptions:   "--env RUNNER_SECRET",
 		WorkflowOptions: "--env RUNNER_SECRET --env GIVEN=value",
 	}}
 
-	config, _, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	config := &container.Config{}
+	require.NoError(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), config, &container.HostConfig{}))
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"RUNNER_SECRET", "RUNNER_SECRET", "GIVEN=value"}, config.Env)
 }
 
 func TestSanitizeOptionsHostConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+	logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
 
 	// every field the sanitizer resets, so a reset dropped in a refactor fails here
 	hostConfig := &container.HostConfig{
@@ -705,10 +748,9 @@ func TestSanitizeOptionsHostConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, &container.HostConfig{}, hostConfig)
 }
 
-// mergeOptions merges both option sources into a bare container, returning the result and its log.
-func mergeOptions(t *testing.T, runnerOptions, workflowOptions string, privileged bool) (*container.HostConfig, *test.Hook) {
+func mergeOptions(t *testing.T, runnerOptions, workflowOptions string, privileged bool) (*container.HostConfig, *logtest.Handler) {
 	t.Helper()
-	logger, hook := test.NewNullLogger()
+	logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
 	cr := &containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{
 		RunnerOptions:   runnerOptions,
 		WorkflowOptions: workflowOptions,
@@ -717,12 +759,12 @@ func mergeOptions(t *testing.T, runnerOptions, workflowOptions string, privilege
 		ValidVolumes:    []string{"**"},
 	}}
 
-	_, hostConfig, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+	hostConfig := &container.HostConfig{
 		Privileged:  privileged,
 		UsernsMode:  container.UsernsMode("private"),
 		NetworkMode: container.NetworkMode("bridge"),
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, hostConfig))
 	return hostConfig, hook
 }
 
@@ -760,8 +802,8 @@ func TestMergeContainerConfigsStripsDangerousOptionsWhenUnprivileged(t *testing.
 }
 
 func TestCheckVolumesRejectsEscapingHostPaths(t *testing.T) {
-	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+	logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger)
 
 	base := t.TempDir()
 	allowed := filepath.Join(base, "allowed")
@@ -776,23 +818,26 @@ func TestCheckVolumesRejectsEscapingHostPaths(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	escapingPath := allowed + string(filepath.Separator) + ".." + string(filepath.Separator) + "denied"
-	_, hostConf := cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+	hostConf := &container.HostConfig{
 		Binds: []string{escapingPath + ":/mnt"},
-	})
+	}
+	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConf)
 	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
 
 	linkPath := filepath.Join(allowed, "link")
 	if err := os.Symlink(denied, linkPath); err != nil {
 		t.Skipf("cannot create symlink: %v", err)
 	}
-	_, hostConf = cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+	hostConf = &container.HostConfig{
 		Binds: []string{linkPath + ":/mnt"},
-	})
+	}
+	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConf)
 	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
 
-	_, hostConf = cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+	hostConf = &container.HostConfig{
 		Binds: []string{filepath.Join(linkPath, "missing") + ":/mnt"},
-	})
+	}
+	cr.sanitizeConfig(ctx, hostConf)
 	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Binds)
 }
 
@@ -801,14 +846,15 @@ func TestSanitizeConfigKeepsTmpfsMounts(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, hostConfig.Mounts, 1)
 
 	for _, validVolumes := range [][]string{nil, {"data"}, {"**:ro"}} {
-		logger, hook := test.NewNullLogger()
-		_, sanitized := (&containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{ValidVolumes: validVolumes}}).sanitizeConfig(common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{Mounts: []mount.Mount{
+		logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
+		sanitized := &container.HostConfig{Mounts: []mount.Mount{
 			hostConfig.Mounts[0],
 			{Type: mount.TypeVolume, Target: "/anonymous"},
 			{Type: mount.TypeTmpfs, Source: "/etc", Target: "/etc-copy"},
-		}})
+		}}
+		(&containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{ValidVolumes: validVolumes}}).sanitizeConfig(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), sanitized)
 		assert.Equal(t, hostConfig.Mounts, sanitized.Mounts)
-		assert.Len(t, hook.AllEntries(), 2)
+		assert.Len(t, hook.AllRecords(), 2)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -891,8 +937,8 @@ func TestContainerInfoFromInspect(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMergeContainerConfigsVolumesReplaceRunnerMounts(t *testing.T) {
-	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+	logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
+	ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger)
 	cr := &containerReference{
 		input: &NewContainerInput{
 			NetworkMode:     "bridge",
@@ -902,11 +948,11 @@ func TestMergeContainerConfigsVolumesReplaceRunnerMounts(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	_, hostConf, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{
+	hostConf := &container.HostConfig{
 		Binds:  []string{"/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"},
 		Mounts: []mount.Mount{{Type: mount.TypeVolume, Source: "act-toolcache", Target: "/opt/hostedtoolcache"}},
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(ctx, &container.Config{}, hostConf))
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock", "/host/tools:/opt/hostedtoolcache"}, hostConf.Binds)
 	assert.Empty(t, hostConf.Mounts)
 }
@@ -914,7 +960,7 @@ func TestMergeContainerConfigsVolumesReplaceRunnerMounts(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMergeContainerConfigsWarnsOnlyAboutOptionsThatWereGiven(t *testing.T) {
 	warnings := func(runnerOptions, workflowOptions string) int {
 		_, hook := mergeOptions(t, runnerOptions, workflowOptions, false)
-		return len(hook.AllEntries())
+		return len(hook.AllRecords())
 	}
 
 	assert.Zero(t, warnings("--volume /host/tools:/opt/hostedtoolcache", ""))
@@ -923,14 +969,42 @@ func TestMergeContainerConfigsWarnsOnlyAboutOptionsThatWereGiven(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 1, warnings("", "--privileged"))
 }
 
+func TestDockerCreateKeepsInputEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, entrypoint := range [][]string{nil, {"sleep", "3600"}} {
+		for _, optionEntrypoint := range []string{"/sbin/dumb-init", ""} {
+			logger, hook := logtest.NewLogger()
+			cr := &containerReference{
+				input: &NewContainerInput{
+					NetworkMode:     "bridge",
+					Entrypoint:      entrypoint,
+					RunnerOptions:   "--entrypoint=runner-entrypoint",
+					WorkflowOptions: "--entrypoint=" + optionEntrypoint + " --init",
+				},
+				cli: &probeClient{create: func(opts mobyclient.ContainerCreateOptions) (mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult, error) {
+					if len(entrypoint) > 0 {
+						assert.Equal(t, entrypoint, opts.Config.Entrypoint)
+					} else {
+						assert.Equal(t, []string{optionEntrypoint}, opts.Config.Entrypoint)
+					}
+					require.NotNil(t, opts.HostConfig.Init)
+					assert.True(t, *opts.HostConfig.Init)
+					return mobyclient.ContainerCreateResult{ID: "created"}, nil
+				}},
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, cr.create(nil, nil)(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger)))
+			assert.Equal(t, "created", cr.id)
+			assert.Equal(t, len(entrypoint) > 0, len(hook.AllRecords()) == 1)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestMergeContainerConfigsKeepsNetworkAliasesFromOptions(t *testing.T) {
-	logger, _ := test.NewNullLogger()
+	logger := logging.New(logtest.New())
 	cr := &containerReference{input: &NewContainerInput{
 		NetworkMode: "job-network", NetworkAliases: []string{"redis"}, WorkflowOptions: "--network-alias redis-primary",
 	}}
 
-	_, _, err := cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, cr.mergeContainerConfigs(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logger), &container.Config{}, &container.HostConfig{}))
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"redis", "redis-primary"}, cr.input.NetworkAliases)
 }
 

act/container/docker_ssh.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/connhelper/ssh"
+)
+
+func sshArgs(daemonURL string) ([]string, error) {
+	spec, err := ssh.ParseURL(daemonURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	remote := []string{"docker", "system", "dial-stdio"}
+	if strings.Trim(spec.Path, "/") != "" {
+		remote = []string{"docker", "--host=unix://" + spec.Path, "system", "dial-stdio"}
+	}
+	return spec.Command([]string{"-o", "ConnectTimeout=30", "-T"}, remote...)
+}
+
+func dialCommand(name string, args ...string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	conn := &commandConn{cmd: exec.Command(name, args...)}
+	conn.cmd.SysProcAttr = sshSysProcAttr() // a session of its own like docker's, so a ProxyCommand never reads the runner's terminal: https://github.com/docker/cli/issues/1707
+	conn.cmd.Stderr = &conn.stderr
+	conn.cmd.WaitDelay = time.Second // a ProxyCommand child keeping stderr open would otherwise block Wait after ssh exits
+	conn.wait = sync.OnceValue(func() error {
+		if err := conn.cmd.Wait(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, exec.ErrWaitDelay) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w: %s", strings.Join(conn.cmd.Args, " "), err, strings.TrimSpace(conn.stderr.String()))
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	var err error
+	if conn.stdin, err = conn.cmd.StdinPipe(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if conn.stdout, err = conn.cmd.StdoutPipe(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return conn, conn.cmd.Start()
+}
+
+type commandConn struct {
+	cmd    *exec.Cmd
+	stdin  io.WriteCloser
+	stdout io.ReadCloser
+	stderr cappedBuffer
+	wait   func() error
+}
+
+func (c *commandConn) waitWithin(timeout time.Duration) error {
+	timer := time.AfterFunc(timeout, func() { _ = c.cmd.Process.Kill() })
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	return c.wait()
+}
+
+func (c *commandConn) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	n, err := c.stdout.Read(p)
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		if waitErr := c.waitWithin(10 * time.Second); waitErr != nil {
+			return n, waitErr
+		}
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+func (c *commandConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return c.stdin.Write(p) }
+
+// CloseWrite lets the daemon see the end of a hijacked stream, like a TCP half-close.
+func (c *commandConn) CloseWrite() error { return c.stdin.Close() }
+
+func (c *commandConn) Close() error {
+	_ = c.stdin.Close()
+	if c.cmd.Process.Signal(syscall.SIGTERM) != nil { // SIGTERM lets ssh take its ProxyCommand down, Windows only kills
+		_ = c.cmd.Process.Kill()
+	}
+	_ = c.waitWithin(3 * time.Second)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *commandConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr { return &net.UnixAddr{Name: "stdio", Net: "unix"} }
+
+func (c *commandConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr { return &net.UnixAddr{Name: "stdio", Net: "unix"} }
+
+func (c *commandConn) SetDeadline(_deadline time.Time) error { return nil }
+
+func (c *commandConn) SetReadDeadline(_deadline time.Time) error { return nil }
+
+func (c *commandConn) SetWriteDeadline(_deadline time.Time) error { return nil }
+
+type cappedBuffer struct{ bytes.Buffer }
+
+func (b *cappedBuffer) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if b.Len() > 4096 {
+		b.Reset()
+	}
+	return b.Buffer.Write(p)
+}

act/container/docker_ssh_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER
+
+package container
+
+import "syscall"
+
+func sshSysProcAttr() *syscall.SysProcAttr {
+	return &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setsid: true, Pdeathsig: syscall.SIGKILL}
+}

act/container/docker_ssh_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !(WITHOUT_DOCKER || !(linux || darwin || windows || netbsd))
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os/exec"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSSHArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	args, err := sshArgs("ssh://me@host:2222/run/user/1000/my docker.sock")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"-l", "me", "-p", "2222", "-o", "ConnectTimeout=30", "-T", "--", "host", "docker '--host=unix:///run/user/1000/my docker.sock' system dial-stdio"}, args)
+
+	args, err = sshArgs("ssh://[::1]")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"-o", "ConnectTimeout=30", "-T", "--", "::1", "docker system dial-stdio"}, args)
+
+	for _, invalid := range []string{"ssh://me:secret@host", "ssh://host?x=1", "ssh://host#x", "ssh://"} {
+		_, err := sshArgs(invalid)
+		assert.Error(t, err, invalid)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDialCommandStreamsStdioAndReportsExit(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("sh"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("needs a POSIX shell")
+	}
+	conn, err := dialCommand("sh", "-c", "cat")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("ping"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, conn.(interface{ CloseWrite() error }).CloseWrite())
+	echoed, err := io.ReadAll(conn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ping", string(echoed))
+	require.NoError(t, conn.Close())
+
+	conn, err = dialCommand("sh", "-c", "exec 3<&0; cat <&3 >/dev/null & echo 'no route to host' >&2; exit 255")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = io.ReadAll(conn)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "no route to host")
+	require.NoError(t, conn.Close())
+}

act/container/docker_ssh_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER && (darwin || netbsd)
+
+package container
+
+import "syscall"
+
+func sshSysProcAttr() *syscall.SysProcAttr {
+	return &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setsid: true}
+}

act/container/docker_ssh_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !WITHOUT_DOCKER
+
+package container
+
+import "syscall"
+
+func sshSysProcAttr() *syscall.SysProcAttr { return nil }

act/container/helpers_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 package container
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"
 
 	mobyclient "github.com/moby/moby/client"
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 // so the daemon has to be pinged explicitly here to decide whether to skip.
 func requireDocker(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	cli, err := GetDockerClient(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Skipf("skipping: docker client unavailable: %v", err)

act/container/host_environment.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package container
 import (
 	"archive/tar"
 	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -27,9 +28,6 @@ import (
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/internal/pkg/process"
 
 	"github.com/creack/pty"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/helper/polyfill"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/osfs"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/gitignore"
 	"golang.org/x/term"
 )
 
@@ -67,15 +65,11 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) processGroup(ctx context.Context) *process.Group {
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Create(_, _ []string) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		return nil
-	}
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor()
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Close() common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		return nil
-	}
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor()
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Copy(destPath string, files ...*FileEntry) common.Executor {
@@ -100,25 +94,16 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) CopyDir(destPath, srcPath string, useGitIgnore, skipGi
 			srcPrefix += string(filepath.Separator)
 		}
 		logger.Debugf("Stripping prefix:%s src:%s", srcPrefix, srcPath)
-		var ignorer gitignore.Matcher
-		if useGitIgnore {
-			ps, err := gitignore.ReadPatterns(polyfill.New(osfs.New(srcPath)), nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				logger.Debugf("Error loading .gitignore: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			ignorer = gitignore.NewMatcher(ps)
-		}
 		fc := &filecollector.FileCollector{
-			Ignorer:    ignorer,
-			SrcPath:    srcPath,
-			SrcPrefix:  srcPrefix,
-			SkipGitDir: skipGitDir,
+			SrcPath:      srcPath,
+			SrcPrefix:    srcPrefix,
+			SkipGitDir:   skipGitDir,
+			UseGitIgnore: useGitIgnore,
 			Handler: &filecollector.CopyCollector{
 				DstDir: destPath,
 			},
 		}
-		return filepath.Walk(srcPath, fc.CollectFiles(ctx, []string{}))
+		return filepath.Walk(srcPath, fc.CollectFiles(ctx))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -152,7 +137,7 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) GetContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, srcPath strin
 			SrcPrefix: srcPrefix,
 			Handler:   tc,
 		}
-		err = filepath.Walk(srcPath, fc.CollectFiles(ctx, []string{}))
+		err = filepath.Walk(srcPath, fc.CollectFiles(ctx))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -180,15 +165,11 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) GetContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, srcPath strin
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Pull(_ bool) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		return nil
-	}
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor()
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) Start(_ bool) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		return nil
-	}
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor()
 }
 
 type ptyWriter struct {
@@ -205,7 +186,6 @@ func (w *ptyWriter) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
 		}
 		if w.dirtyLine || len(buf) > 1 && buf[len(buf)-2] != '\n' {
 			_, _ = w.Out.Write([]byte("\n"))
-			return n, io.EOF
 		}
 		return n, io.EOF
 	}
@@ -245,49 +225,38 @@ func setupPty(cmd *exec.Cmd, cmdline string) (*os.File, *os.File, error) {
 	return ppty, tty, nil
 }
 
-func writeKeepAlive(ppty io.Writer) {
-	c := 1
-	var err error
-	for c == 1 && err == nil {
-		c, err = ppty.Write([]byte{4})
-		<-time.After(time.Second)
-	}
-}
-
-func copyPtyOutput(writer io.Writer, ppty io.Reader, finishLog context.CancelFunc) {
-	defer func() {
-		finishLog()
-	}()
-	if _, err := io.Copy(writer, ppty); err != nil {
-		return
+func writeKeepAlive(ctx context.Context, ppty io.Writer) {
+	for ctx.Err() == nil {
+		if count, err := ppty.Write([]byte{4}); count != 1 || err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		}
 	}
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) UpdateFromImageEnv(_ *map[string]string) common.Executor {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		return nil
-	}
+	return common.NewPipelineExecutor()
 }
 
 func getEnvListFromMap(env map[string]string) []string {
-	envList := make([]string, 0)
-	for k, v := range env {
-		envList = append(envList, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", k, v))
+	envList := make([]string, 0, len(env))
+	for key, value := range env {
+		envList = append(envList, key+"="+value)
 	}
 	return envList
 }
 
-func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline string, env map[string]string, _, workdir string) error {
-	envList := getEnvListFromMap(env)
-	var wd string
+func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline string, env map[string]string, workdir string) error {
+	wd := e.Path
 	if workdir != "" {
-		if filepath.IsAbs(workdir) {
-			wd = workdir
-		} else {
+		wd = workdir
+		if !filepath.IsAbs(workdir) {
 			wd = filepath.Join(e.Path, workdir)
 		}
-	} else {
-		wd = e.Path
 	}
 	// Flush any buffered, not-yet-newline-terminated trailing line, as the docker backend
 	// does in waitForCommand, so the final line of a command's output is not lost.
@@ -300,9 +269,8 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline st
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, f)
 	cmd.Path = f
 	cmd.Args = command
-	cmd.Stdin = nil
 	cmd.Stdout = e.StdOut
-	cmd.Env = envList
+	cmd.Env = getEnvListFromMap(env)
 	cmd.Stderr = e.StdOut
 	cmd.Dir = wd
 	cmd.SysProcAttr = process.SysProcAttr(cmdline, false)
@@ -334,8 +302,11 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline st
 		writer = &ptyWriter{Out: e.StdOut}
 		var finishLog context.CancelFunc
 		logctx, finishLog = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-		go copyPtyOutput(writer, ppty, finishLog)
-		go writeKeepAlive(ppty)
+		go func() {
+			defer finishLog()
+			_, _ = io.Copy(writer, ppty)
+		}()
+		go writeKeepAlive(logctx, ppty)
 	}
 	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -350,32 +321,32 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) exec(ctx context.Context, command []string, cmdline st
 	} else {
 		defer k.Close()
 	}
-	err = cmd.Wait()
-	if err != nil {
-		if exitErr, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err); ok {
-			return ExitCodeError(exitErr.ExitCode())
-		}
-		return err
-	}
+	err = treeKill.Wait(ctx, cmd)
 	if tty != nil {
 		writer.AutoStop.Store(true)
 		if _, err := tty.WriteString("\x04"); err != nil {
 			common.Logger(ctx).Debug("Failed to write EOT")
 		}
-		<-logctx.Done()
+		select {
+		case <-logctx.Done():
+		case <-ctx.Done(): // a cancelled step does not wait on output nobody consumes
+		}
 		ppty.Close()
 		ppty = nil
 	}
+	if exitErr, ok := errors.AsType[*exec.ExitError](err); ok {
+		return ExitCodeError(exitErr.ExitCode())
+	}
 	return err
 }
 
-func (e *HostEnvironment) Exec(command []string /*cmdline string, */, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
-	return e.ExecWithCmdLine(command, "", env, user, workdir)
+func (e *HostEnvironment) Exec(command []string, env map[string]string, _user, workdir string) common.Executor {
+	return e.ExecWithCmdLine(command, "", env, workdir)
 }
 
-func (e *HostEnvironment) ExecWithCmdLine(command []string, cmdline string, env map[string]string, user, workdir string) common.Executor {
+func (e *HostEnvironment) ExecWithCmdLine(command []string, cmdline string, env map[string]string, workdir string) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		if err := e.exec(ctx, command, cmdline, env, user, workdir); err != nil {
+		if err := e.exec(ctx, command, cmdline, env, workdir); err != nil {
 			select {
 			case <-ctx.Done():
 				return fmt.Errorf("this step has been cancelled: %w", err)
@@ -388,7 +359,7 @@ func (e *HostEnvironment) ExecWithCmdLine(command []string, cmdline string, env
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) UpdateFromEnv(srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
-	return parseEnvFile(e, srcPath, env)
+	return parseEnvFile(e, srcPath, env, runtime.GOOS == "windows")
 }
 
 // removeAll is a var so tests can substitute a blocking stub.
@@ -617,8 +588,7 @@ func (*HostEnvironment) GetPathVariableName() string {
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) DefaultPathVariable() string {
-	v, _ := os.LookupEnv(e.GetPathVariableName())
-	return v
+	return os.Getenv(e.GetPathVariableName())
 }
 
 func (*HostEnvironment) JoinPathVariable(paths ...string) string {
@@ -628,30 +598,22 @@ func (*HostEnvironment) JoinPathVariable(paths ...string) string {
 // Reference for Arch values for runner.arch
 // https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/contexts#runner-context
 func goArchToActionArch(arch string) string {
-	archMapper := map[string]string{
+	return cmp.Or(map[string]string{
 		"x86_64":  "X64",
 		"amd64":   "X64",
 		"386":     "X86",
 		"arm":     "ARM",
 		"aarch64": "ARM64",
 		"arm64":   "ARM64",
-	}
-	if arch, ok := archMapper[arch]; ok {
-		return arch
-	}
-	return arch
+	}[arch], arch)
 }
 
 func goOsToActionOs(os string) string {
-	osMapper := map[string]string{
+	return cmp.Or(map[string]string{
 		"linux":   "Linux",
 		"darwin":  "macOS",
 		"windows": "Windows",
-	}
-	if os, ok := osMapper[os]; ok {
-		return os
-	}
-	return os
+	}[os], os)
 }
 
 func (e *HostEnvironment) GetRunnerContext(_ context.Context) map[string]any {

act/container/host_environment_test.go

@@ -10,21 +10,20 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"os"
-	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
 	"time"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-// Type assert HostEnvironment implements ExecutionsEnvironment
 var _ ExecutionsEnvironment = &HostEnvironment{}
 
 func TestActionPlatformNames(t *testing.T) {
@@ -33,38 +32,25 @@ func TestActionPlatformNames(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCopyDir(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path:      filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
-		TmpDir:    filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
-		ToolCache: filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
-		ActPath:   filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
-		StdOut:    os.Stdout,
-		Workdir:   path.Join("testdata", "scratch"),
-	}
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.Path, 0o700)
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.TmpDir, 0o700)
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.ToolCache, 0o700)
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.ActPath, 0o700)
-	err := e.CopyDir(e.Workdir, e.Path, true, false)(ctx)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-}
-
-func TestCopyDirSkipGitDir(t *testing.T) {
-	for name, skipGitDir := range map[string]bool{"kept for a workspace copy": false, "skipped for an action copy": true} {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name                     string
+		useGitIgnore, skipGitDir bool
+	}{
+		{name: "git dir kept for a workspace copy"},
+		{name: "git dir skipped for an action copy", skipGitDir: true},
+		{name: "unfiltered outside a git repository", useGitIgnore: true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			src := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "action")
 			require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(src, ".git", "objects"), 0o700))
 			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(src, ".git", "objects", "pack"), []byte("x"), 0o600))
 			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(src, "action.yml"), []byte("name: x\n"), 0o600))
 
 			dest := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "dest")
-			e := &HostEnvironment{StdOut: os.Stdout}
-			require.NoError(t, e.CopyDir(dest, src+string(filepath.Separator), false, skipGitDir)(context.Background()))
+			require.NoError(t, (&HostEnvironment{}).CopyDir(dest, src+string(filepath.Separator), test.useGitIgnore, test.skipGitDir)(t.Context()))
 
 			assert.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(dest, "action.yml"))
-			if skipGitDir {
+			if test.skipGitDir {
 				assert.NoDirExists(t, filepath.Join(dest, ".git"))
 			} else {
 				assert.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(dest, ".git", "objects", "pack"))
@@ -74,63 +60,68 @@ func TestCopyDirSkipGitDir(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetContainerArchive(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path:      filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
-		TmpDir:    filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
-		ToolCache: filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
-		ActPath:   filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
-		StdOut:    os.Stdout,
-		Workdir:   path.Join("testdata", "scratch"),
-	}
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.Path, 0o700)
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.TmpDir, 0o700)
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.ToolCache, 0o700)
-	_ = os.MkdirAll(e.ActPath, 0o700)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	e := &HostEnvironment{Path: t.TempDir()}
 	expectedContent := []byte("sdde/7sh")
 	err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(e.Path, "action.yml"), expectedContent, 0o600)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	archive, err := e.GetContainerArchive(ctx, e.Path)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer archive.Close()
 	reader := tar.NewReader(archive)
 	h, err := reader.Next()
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "action.yml", h.Name)
 	content, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
-	assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedContent, content)
 	_, err = reader.Next()
 	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF)
 }
 
 func TestHostEnvironmentExecExitCode(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("uses POSIX shell")
 	}
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path:      filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
-		TmpDir:    filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
-		ToolCache: filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
-		ActPath:   filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
-		StdOut:    io.Discard,
-		Workdir:   filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
-	}
-	for _, p := range []string{e.Path, e.TmpDir, e.ToolCache, e.ActPath} {
-		assert.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(p, 0o700)) //nolint:testifylint // test setup
-	}
+	for name, allocatePTY := range map[string]bool{"without PTY": false, "with PTY": true} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+				reader, writer := io.Pipe()
+				defer reader.Close()
+				e := &HostEnvironment{Path: t.TempDir(), StdOut: writer, AllocatePTY: allocatePTY}
+				t.Cleanup(func() { assert.NoError(t, e.Remove()(t.Context())) })
 
-	err := e.Exec([]string{"sh", "-c", "exit 3"}, map[string]string{"PATH": os.Getenv("PATH")}, "", "")(ctx)
-	var exitErr ExitCodeError
-	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &exitErr)
-	assert.Equal(t, ExitCodeError(3), exitErr)
-	assert.Equal(t, "Process completed with exit code 3.", err.Error())
+				result := make(chan error, 1)
+				go func() {
+					defer writer.Close()
+					result <- e.Exec([]string{"sh", "-c", "printf 'failed\\n'; exit 3"}, map[string]string{"PATH": os.Getenv("PATH")}, "", "")(t.Context())
+				}()
+				first := make([]byte, 1)
+				_, err := io.ReadFull(reader, first)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				synctest.Wait()
+				select {
+				case err := <-result:
+					t.Fatalf("Exec returned before its output was consumed: %v", err)
+				default:
+				}
+				remaining, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				err = <-result
+				var exitErr ExitCodeError
+				require.ErrorAs(t, err, &exitErr)
+				assert.Equal(t, ExitCodeError(3), exitErr)
+				assert.Equal(t, "Process completed with exit code 3.", err.Error())
+				assert.Equal(t, "failed\n", string(first)+string(remaining))
+			})
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func TestHostEnvironmentAllocatePTY(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("uses POSIX shell")
 	}
@@ -143,25 +134,18 @@ func TestHostEnvironmentAllocatePTY(t *testing.T) {
 		{name: "on", allocPTY: true, expect: "TTY"},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			dir := t.TempDir()
+			t.Parallel()
 			buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 			e := &HostEnvironment{
-				Path:        filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
-				TmpDir:      filepath.Join(dir, "tmp"),
-				ToolCache:   filepath.Join(dir, "tool_cache"),
-				ActPath:     filepath.Join(dir, "act_path"),
+				Path:        t.TempDir(),
 				StdOut:      buf,
-				Workdir:     filepath.Join(dir, "path"),
 				AllocatePTY: tc.allocPTY,
 			}
-			for _, p := range []string{e.Path, e.TmpDir, e.ToolCache, e.ActPath} {
-				require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(p, 0o700))
-			}
 
 			err := e.Exec(
 				[]string{"sh", "-c", "[ -t 1 ] && printf TTY || printf NOTTY"},
 				map[string]string{"PATH": os.Getenv("PATH")}, "", "",
-			)(context.Background())
+			)(t.Context())
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			got := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ReplaceAll(buf.String(), "\r", ""))
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, got)
@@ -169,162 +153,91 @@ func TestHostEnvironmentAllocatePTY(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestHostEnvironmentRemovePreservesWorkdirByDefault(t *testing.T) {
-	logger := logrus.New()
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logrus.NewEntry(logger))
-	base := t.TempDir()
-	miscRoot := filepath.Join(base, "misc")
-	path := filepath.Join(miscRoot, "hostexecutor")
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
-	workdir := filepath.Join(base, "workspace", "owner", "repo")
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(workdir, 0o700))
-
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path:    path,
-		Workdir: workdir,
-		CleanUp: func() {
-			_ = os.RemoveAll(miscRoot)
-		},
-		StdOut: os.Stdout,
+func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveWorkdir(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, owned := range map[string]bool{"preserves caller workdir": false, "cleans owned workdir": true} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			miscRoot, workdir := t.TempDir(), t.TempDir()
+			e := &HostEnvironment{
+				Path:         filepath.Join(miscRoot, "hostexecutor"),
+				Workdir:      workdir,
+				CleanWorkdir: owned,
+				CleanUp:      func() { _ = os.RemoveAll(miscRoot) },
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(e.Path, 0o700))
+			require.NoError(t, e.Remove()(t.Context()))
+			_, err := os.Stat(workdir)
+			if owned {
+				assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, e.Remove()(ctx))
-	_, err := os.Stat(workdir)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-}
-
-func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveCleansWorkdirWhenOwned(t *testing.T) {
-	logger := logrus.New()
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logrus.NewEntry(logger))
-	base := t.TempDir()
-	miscRoot := filepath.Join(base, "misc")
-	path := filepath.Join(miscRoot, "hostexecutor")
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
-	workdir := filepath.Join(base, "workspace", "123", "owner", "repo")
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(workdir, 0o700))
-
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path:         path,
-		Workdir:      workdir,
-		CleanWorkdir: true,
-		CleanUp: func() {
-			_ = os.RemoveAll(miscRoot)
-		},
-		StdOut: os.Stdout,
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, e.Remove()(ctx))
-	_, err := os.Stat(workdir)
-	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
 }
 
 func TestRemoveAllWithContextDoesNotHangOnStuckDelete(t *testing.T) {
-	release := make(chan struct{})
-	stubDone := make(chan struct{})
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		release := make(chan struct{})
+		stubDone := make(chan struct{})
 
-	orig := removeAll
-	removeAll = func(string) error {
-		defer close(stubDone)
-		<-release
-		return nil
-	}
-	// removeAllWithContext intentionally leaks the delete goroutine on timeout,
-	// and that goroutine still references removeAll. Unblock it and wait for it
-	// to return before restoring the var, so the restore can't race the read.
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		close(release)
-		<-stubDone
-		removeAll = orig
+		orig := removeAll
+		removeAll = func(string) error {
+			defer close(stubDone)
+			<-release
+			return nil
+		}
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			close(release)
+			<-stubDone
+			removeAll = orig
+		})
+
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 100*time.Millisecond)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		err := removeAllWithContext(ctx, t.TempDir())
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
 	})
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	err := removeAllWithContext(ctx, t.TempDir())
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
 }
 
-// TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckCleanUp guards against a stalled
-// CleanUp callback (e.g. an os.RemoveAll blocked by an AV/EDR filter driver or
-// an unresponsive mount) wedging the runner slot forever at "Cleaning up
-// container". Remove must time out the callback and complete job teardown.
-func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckCleanUp(t *testing.T) {
-	// Keep the suite fast: shrink the per-phase teardown timeout for this test.
-	orig := hostCleanupTimeout
-	hostCleanupTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
-	t.Cleanup(func() { hostCleanupTimeout = orig })
-
-	logger := logrus.New()
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logrus.NewEntry(logger))
-	base := t.TempDir()
-	path := filepath.Join(base, "misc", "hostexecutor")
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
-
-	release := make(chan struct{})
-	t.Cleanup(func() { close(release) }) // unblock the leaked goroutine at test end
-
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path: path,
-		CleanUp: func() {
-			<-release // simulate a delete syscall stuck indefinitely
-		},
-		StdOut: os.Stdout,
-	}
-
-	done := make(chan error, 1)
-	go func() { done <- e.Remove()(ctx) }()
-
-	select {
-	case err := <-done:
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Remove() hung on a stuck CleanUp callback")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckPathRemoval guards against a
-// stalled os.RemoveAll on the misc/workspace paths (same AV/EDR wedge as
-// #1023) wedging job completion after the CleanUp callback has already timed
-// out or finished.
-func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHangOnStuckPathRemoval(t *testing.T) {
-	origTimeout := hostCleanupTimeout
-	hostCleanupTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
-	t.Cleanup(func() { hostCleanupTimeout = origTimeout })
-
-	release := make(chan struct{})
-	stubDone := make(chan struct{})
-
-	origRemoveAll := removeAll
-	removeAll = func(string) error {
-		defer close(stubDone)
-		<-release
-		return nil
-	}
-	// The stuck delete goroutine outlives the timed-out Remove and still reads
-	// removeAll; unblock it and wait before restoring to avoid a restore/read race.
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		close(release)
-		<-stubDone
-		removeAll = origRemoveAll
-	})
-
-	logger := logrus.New()
-	ctx := common.WithLogger(context.Background(), logrus.NewEntry(logger))
-	base := t.TempDir()
-	path := filepath.Join(base, "misc", "hostexecutor")
-	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700))
-
-	e := &HostEnvironment{
-		Path:   path,
-		StdOut: os.Stdout,
-	}
-
-	done := make(chan error, 1)
-	go func() { done <- e.Remove()(ctx) }()
-
-	select {
-	case err := <-done:
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Remove() hung on a stuck path removal")
+func TestHostEnvironmentRemoveDoesNotHang(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, phase := range []string{"CleanUp callback", "path removal"} {
+		t.Run(phase, func(t *testing.T) {
+			synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+				origTimeout := hostCleanupTimeout
+				hostCleanupTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
+				t.Cleanup(func() { hostCleanupTimeout = origTimeout })
+				release, stubDone := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+				block := func() {
+					defer close(stubDone)
+					<-release
+				}
+				e := &HostEnvironment{Path: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "misc", "hostexecutor"), StdOut: os.Stdout}
+				if phase == "CleanUp callback" {
+					e.CleanUp = block
+				} else {
+					origRemoveAll := removeAll
+					removeAll = func(string) error {
+						block()
+						return nil
+					}
+					t.Cleanup(func() { removeAll = origRemoveAll })
+				}
+				t.Cleanup(func() {
+					close(release)
+					<-stubDone
+				})
+				require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(e.Path, 0o700))
+				done := make(chan error, 1)
+				go func() { done <- e.Remove()(common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.Default())) }()
+				select {
+				case err := <-done:
+					require.NoError(t, err)
+				case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+					t.Fatalf("Remove() hung on a stuck %s", phase)
+				}
+			})
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -332,17 +245,11 @@ func TestBuildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("single dir", func(t *testing.T) {
 		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\workspace\job1`})
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `$paths = @('C:\workspace\job1')`)
-		// Self-PID guard is essential — without it the script could taskkill
-		// the PowerShell process running it.
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "$selfPid = $PID")
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.ProcessId -eq $selfPid")
-		// Must match both ExecutablePath (binaries from the workspace) and
-		// CommandLine (system binaries invoked with workspace paths in args),
-		// both bounded by dir+separator so a name-prefix sibling is spared.
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `$prefix = $p + '\'`)
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.ExecutablePath.StartsWith($prefix")
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "$_.CommandLine.IndexOf($prefix")
-		// Each matched PID must be tree-killed, not just stopped.
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "taskkill.exe /PID $_.ProcessId /T /F")
 	})
 
@@ -355,25 +262,16 @@ func TestBuildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\path'`)
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\workdir'`)
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\Users\runner\AppData\Local\Temp\job-42'`)
-		// Commas between entries — no trailing comma, no leading comma.
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\path','C:\work\workdir',`)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("path with single quote is escaped", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// In PowerShell single-quoted strings the only special char is the
-		// quote itself, escaped by doubling. A workspace path that ever
-		// contained `'` would inject a command into the script otherwise.
 		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\work\it's\path`})
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\it''s\path'`)
-		// And it must NOT appear unescaped — otherwise the quote would
-		// terminate the literal early.
 		assert.NotContains(t, s, `'C:\work\it's\path'`)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("path with wildcard metacharacters is matched literally", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// A path containing [ ] ? * must be embedded verbatim and matched with
-		// ordinal String methods, not -like, otherwise the metacharacters would
-		// be interpreted as wildcards and the leftover process could escape.
 		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript([]string{`C:\work\[job]?1`})
 		assert.Contains(t, s, `'C:\work\[job]?1'`)
 		assert.NotContains(t, s, "-like")
@@ -383,7 +281,6 @@ func TestBuildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("empty dir list still produces a valid script", func(t *testing.T) {
 		s := buildWindowsWorkspaceKillScript(nil)
-		// Empty array literal — script runs, matches nothing, is a no-op.
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "$paths = @()")
 		assert.Contains(t, s, "Get-CimInstance Win32_Process")
 	})

act/container/kubernetes.go

@@ -93,17 +93,29 @@ func (p *KubernetesPod) JobContainer(input *NewContainerInput) ExecutionsEnviron
 	return p.job
 }
 
-var invalidLabelChars = regexp.MustCompile(`[^a-z0-9-]+`)
+var (
+	invalidLabelChars = regexp.MustCompile(`[^a-z0-9-]+`)
+	dnsSubdomain      = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?)*$`)
+)
 
-// KubernetesServiceName returns the container name and hostname of service id, made a DNS label as both must be.
-func KubernetesServiceName(id string) string {
+// kubernetesServiceName returns the container name of service id, made a DNS label as it must be.
+func kubernetesServiceName(id string) string {
 	name := strings.Trim(invalidLabelChars.ReplaceAllString(strings.ToLower(id), "-"), "-")
 	return strings.TrimRight(name[:min(63, len(name))], "-")
 }
 
-// ServiceContainer returns a container of the pod the job reaches at hostname KubernetesServiceName(id).
+// KubernetesServiceHostnames returns the hostnames of service id, its container name and, where hostAliases accept it as a DNS subdomain, id lowercased.
+func KubernetesServiceHostnames(id string) []string {
+	name, host := kubernetesServiceName(id), strings.ToLower(id)
+	if host != name && len(host) <= 253 && dnsSubdomain.MatchString(host) { // https://github.com/kubernetes/apimachinery/blob/v0.35.1/pkg/util/validation/validation.go#L198-L207
+		return []string{name, host}
+	}
+	return []string{name}
+}
+
+// ServiceContainer returns a container of the pod the job reaches at KubernetesServiceHostnames(id).
 func (p *KubernetesPod) ServiceContainer(id string, input *NewContainerInput) ExecutionsEnvironment {
-	service := &kubernetesContainer{pod: p, id: id, name: KubernetesServiceName(id), input: input}
+	service := &kubernetesContainer{pod: p, id: id, name: kubernetesServiceName(id), input: input}
 	p.services = append(p.services, service)
 	return service
 }
@@ -131,7 +143,7 @@ func (p *KubernetesPod) create(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	for _, service := range p.services {
-		if !strings.EqualFold(service.id, service.name) {
+		if !slices.ContainsFunc(KubernetesServiceHostnames(service.id), func(hostname string) bool { return strings.EqualFold(hostname, service.id) }) { // glibc and Go match /etc/hosts case-insensitively
 			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("Service %s is reachable as %s or localhost, as a Kubernetes hostname cannot be %q", service.id, service.name, service.id)
 		}
 	}
@@ -165,7 +177,8 @@ func (p *KubernetesPod) manifest(secret string, secretData map[string]string, me
 		serviceTemplate = templateContainers[index]
 		templateSpec["containers"] = slices.Delete(slices.Clone(templateContainers), index, index+1)
 	}
-	var containers, hostnames, volumes []any
+	var containers, volumes []any
+	var hostnames []string
 	names := map[string]bool{}
 	for _, container := range templateContainers {
 		names[manifestField(container, "name")] = true
@@ -184,7 +197,7 @@ func (p *KubernetesPod) manifest(secret string, secretData map[string]string, me
 			continue
 		}
 		containers = append(containers, mergeManifest(serviceTemplate, spec, ""))
-		hostnames = append(hostnames, c.name)
+		hostnames = append(hostnames, KubernetesServiceHostnames(c.id)...)
 	}
 	for _, name := range []string{"workspace", "act"} {
 		if !slices.ContainsFunc(templateVolumes, func(volume any) bool { return manifestField(volume, "name") == name }) {
@@ -374,16 +387,41 @@ func (c *kubernetesContainer) Start(_ bool) common.Executor {
 		if err := c.pod.waitStarted(ctx); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		var stdout bytes.Buffer
-		if err := c.pod.client.exec(ctx, c.pod.name, c.name, []string{"sh", "-c", `printf '%s\n%s' "$(uname -m)" "$PATH"`}, nil, &stdout, io.Discard); err != nil {
+		output, err := c.pod.probe(ctx, c.name)
+		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		machine, path, _ := strings.Cut(stdout.String(), "\n")
+		machine, path, _ := strings.Cut(output, "\n")
 		c.pod.arch, c.pod.path = goArchToActionArch(machine), path
 		return nil
 	}
 }
 
+// probe retries exec while it fails short of the container, as a new node runs pods before its kubelet has a serving certificate.
+func (p *KubernetesPod) probe(ctx context.Context, container string) (string, error) {
+	var failure string
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Minute)
+	for delay := 100 * time.Millisecond; ; delay = min(2*delay, 2*time.Second) {
+		var stdout bytes.Buffer
+		err := p.client.exec(ctx, p.name, container, []string{"sh", "-c", `printf '%s\n%s' "$(uname -m)" "$PATH"`}, nil, &stdout, io.Discard)
+		var exitErr ExitCodeError
+		var apiErr *apiError
+		if err == nil || ctx.Err() != nil || errors.As(err, &exitErr) || time.Now().After(deadline) ||
+			errors.As(err, &apiErr) && apiErr.code < http.StatusInternalServerError {
+			return stdout.String(), err
+		}
+		if err.Error() != failure {
+			failure = err.Error()
+			common.Logger(ctx).Infof("Waiting for exec into pod %s: %v", p.name, err)
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return "", ctx.Err()
+		case <-time.After(delay):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (*kubernetesContainer) Pull(bool) common.Executor {
 	return func(context.Context) error { return nil }
 }
@@ -462,7 +500,7 @@ func (c *kubernetesContainer) GetContainerArchive(ctx context.Context, srcPath s
 }
 
 func (c *kubernetesContainer) UpdateFromEnv(srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
-	return parseEnvFile(c, srcPath, env)
+	return parseEnvFile(c, srcPath, env, false)
 }
 
 func (c *kubernetesContainer) UpdateFromImageEnv(env *map[string]string) common.Executor {

act/container/kubernetes_test.go

@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ type podManifest struct {
 }
 
 type fakeCluster struct {
-	mu       sync.Mutex
-	requests map[string][]string
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	requests     map[string][]string
+	execFailures []http.HandlerFunc
 }
 
 func (f *fakeCluster) record(request, content string) {
@@ -53,7 +54,42 @@ func (f *fakeCluster) record(request, content string) {
 	f.requests[request] = append(f.requests[request], content)
 }
 
-func fakeKubernetes(t *testing.T, podStatus string) (string, *fakeCluster) {
+func (f *fakeCluster) failExec(failures ...http.HandlerFunc) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.execFailures = failures
+}
+
+func (f *fakeCluster) nextExecFailure() http.HandlerFunc {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(f.execFailures) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	failure := f.execFailures[0]
+	f.execFailures = f.execFailures[1:]
+	return failure
+}
+
+// execFailure answers like the API server, code 0 for a failure reported after the websocket upgrade.
+func execFailure(t *testing.T, code int, status string) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if code != 0 {
+			w.WriteHeader(code)
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(w, status)
+			return
+		}
+		conn, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, &websocket.AcceptOptions{Subprotocols: []string{execProtocol}})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = conn.CloseNow() }()
+		_ = conn.Write(r.Context(), websocket.MessageBinary, append([]byte{3}, status...))
+	}
+}
+
+func fakeKubernetes(t *testing.T, podStatus string, env ...string) (string, *fakeCluster) {
 	cluster := &fakeCluster{requests: map[string][]string{}}
 	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if r.Header.Get("Authorization") != "Bearer test-token" {
@@ -70,7 +106,11 @@ func fakeKubernetes(t *testing.T, podStatus string) (string, *fakeCluster) {
 			_, _ = io.WriteString(w, `{"items":[{"metadata":{"name":"old","creationTimestamp":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}},{"metadata":{"name":"new","creationTimestamp":"2999-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}]}`)
 		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/exec"):
 			cluster.record("exec", r.URL.RawQuery)
-			serveLocalExec(t, w, r)
+			if failure := cluster.nextExecFailure(); failure != nil {
+				failure(w, r)
+			} else {
+				serveLocalExec(t, w, r, env)
+			}
 		case strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/log"):
 			_, _ = io.WriteString(w, "log of "+r.URL.Query().Get("container"))
 		case r.Method == http.MethodGet && strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, pods+"/"):
@@ -92,7 +132,7 @@ users: [{name: test, user: {tokenFile: token}}]
 	return kubeconfig, cluster
 }
 
-func serveLocalExec(t *testing.T, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func serveLocalExec(t *testing.T, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, env []string) {
 	conn, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, &websocket.AcceptOptions{Subprotocols: []string{execProtocol}})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
@@ -114,7 +154,7 @@ func serveLocalExec(t *testing.T, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		stdin.Write(frame[1:])
 	}
 	cmd := exec.Command(command[0], command[1:]...)
-	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "COPYFILE_DISABLE=1")
+	cmd.Env = append(append(os.Environ(), "COPYFILE_DISABLE=1"), env...)
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	cmd.Stdin, cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = &stdin, &stdout, &stderr
 	status := `{"status":"Success"}`
@@ -129,16 +169,31 @@ func serveLocalExec(t *testing.T, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestKubernetesServiceHostnames(t *testing.T) {
+	for id, hostnames := range map[string][]string{
+		"db":                             {"db"},
+		"My_DB":                          {"my-db"},
+		"devstoreaccount1.azurite.local": {"devstoreaccount1-azurite-local", "devstoreaccount1.azurite.local"},
+		"DB.Local":                       {"db-local", "db.local"},
+		strings.Repeat("a", 64):          {strings.Repeat("a", 63), strings.Repeat("a", 64)},
+		strings.Repeat("a", 254):         {strings.Repeat("a", 63)},
+	} {
+		assert.Equal(t, hostnames, KubernetesServiceHostnames(id), id)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestKubernetesPodRunsJobThroughAPI(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("uses POSIX shell")
 	}
 	ctx := t.Context()
-	kubeconfig, cluster := fakeKubernetes(t, `{"spec":{"containers":[{},{}]},"status":{"phase":"Running","containerStatuses":[
-		{"name":"job","ready":true,"state":{"running":{}}},
-		{"name":"my-db","ready":true,"state":{"running":{}}}]}}`)
 	workdir, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(t.TempDir())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	path := workdir + ":" + os.Getenv("PATH")
+	kubeconfig, cluster := fakeKubernetes(t, `{"spec":{"containers":[{},{}]},"status":{"phase":"Running","containerStatuses":[
+		{"name":"job","ready":true,"state":{"running":{}}},
+		{"name":"my-db","ready":true,"state":{"running":{}}}]}}`, "PATH="+path)
 	options := KubernetesOptions{Kubeconfig: kubeconfig, RunnerUUID: "runner-uuid", PodTemplates: []map[string]any{
 		{"spec": map[string]any{
 			"automountServiceAccountToken": true,
@@ -199,8 +254,12 @@ func TestKubernetesPodRunsJobThroughAPI(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, cluster.requests["POST /api/v1/namespaces/ci/pods"][0], `"args":["postgres","-D","$$(PGDATA)"]`)
 
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workdir, "env"), []byte("#!/bin/sh\necho \"$@\" > \"$0-args\"\nexec /usr/bin/env \"$@\"\n"), 0o755))
-	t.Setenv("PATH", workdir+":"+os.Getenv("PATH"))
+	cluster.failExec(
+		execFailure(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, `{"message":"error dialing backend: remote error: tls: internal error"}`),
+		execFailure(t, 0, `{"status":"Failure","reason":"InternalError","message":"Internal error occurred: error sending request: remote error: tls: internal error"}`),
+	)
 	require.NoError(t, job.Start(false)(ctx))
+	assert.Len(t, cluster.requests["exec"], 3)
 
 	stepEnv := map[string]string{"INPUT_WHO-TO-GREET": "it's\nme", "SECRET": "hunter2", "UID": "5"}
 	require.NoError(t, job.Exec([]string{"printenv", "SECRET"}, stepEnv, "", "")(ctx))
@@ -242,7 +301,7 @@ func TestKubernetesPodRunsJobThroughAPI(t *testing.T) {
 
 	pathEnv := map[string]string{}
 	require.NoError(t, job.UpdateFromImageEnv(&pathEnv)(ctx))
-	assert.Equal(t, os.Getenv("PATH"), pathEnv["PATH"])
+	assert.Equal(t, path, pathEnv["PATH"])
 
 	info, err := service.Inspect(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -282,6 +341,21 @@ func TestKubernetesPodFailsBeforeSteps(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		require.ErrorContains(t, job.Create(nil, nil)(t.Context()), test.err)
 	}
+	running, cluster := fakeKubernetes(t, `{"spec":{"containers":[{}]},"status":{"containerStatuses":[{"name":"job","state":{"running":{}}}]}}`)
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		failure http.HandlerFunc
+		err     string
+	}{
+		{execFailure(t, http.StatusForbidden, `{"message":"pods \"job\" is forbidden"}`), "is forbidden"},
+		{execFailure(t, 0, `{"status":"Failure","details":{"causes":[{"reason":"ExitCode","message":"126"}]}}`), ExitCodeError(126).Error()},
+	} {
+		cluster.failExec(test.failure)
+		pod, err := NewKubernetesPod(KubernetesOptions{Kubeconfig: running})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		job := pod.JobContainer(&NewContainerInput{Image: "node"})
+		require.NoError(t, job.Create(nil, nil)(t.Context()))
+		require.ErrorContains(t, job.Start(false)(t.Context()), test.err)
+	}
 	pod, err := NewKubernetesPod(KubernetesOptions{Kubeconfig: kubeconfig, Namespace: "ci"})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	job := pod.JobContainer(&NewContainerInput{Image: "missing"})

act/container/linux_container_environment_extensions.go

@@ -11,28 +11,28 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
 )
 
 type LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions struct{}
 
+var windowsPathRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-zA-Z]):\\(.+)$`)
+
 // Resolves the equivalent host path inside the container
 // This is required for windows and WSL 2 to translate things like C:\Users\Myproject to /mnt/users/Myproject
 // For use in docker volumes and binds
 func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) ToContainerPath(path string) string {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && strings.Contains(path, "/") {
-		log.Error("You cannot specify linux style local paths (/mnt/etc) on Windows as it does not understand them.")
+		logging.Error("You cannot specify linux style local paths (/mnt/etc) on Windows as it does not understand them.")
 		return ""
 	}
 
 	abspath, err := filepath.Abs(path)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Error(err)
+		logging.Error(err)
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	// Test if the path is a windows path
-	windowsPathRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-zA-Z]):\\(.+)$`)
 	windowsPathComponents := windowsPathRegex.FindStringSubmatch(abspath)
 
 	// Return as-is if no match
@@ -43,11 +43,7 @@ func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) ToContainerPath(path string) string
 	// Convert to WSL2-compatible path if it is a windows path
 	// NOTE: Cannot use filepath because it will use the wrong path separators assuming we want the path to be windows
 	// based if running on Windows, and because we are feeding this to Docker, GoLang auto-path-translate doesn't work.
-	driveLetter := strings.ToLower(windowsPathComponents[1])
-	translatedPath := strings.ReplaceAll(windowsPathComponents[2], `\`, `/`)
-	// Should make something like /mnt/c/Users/person/My Folder/MyActProject
-	result := strings.Join([]string{"/mnt", driveLetter, translatedPath}, `/`)
-	return result
+	return "/mnt/" + strings.ToLower(windowsPathComponents[1]) + "/" + strings.ReplaceAll(windowsPathComponents[2], `\`, `/`)
 }
 
 func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) GetActPath() string {
@@ -69,10 +65,41 @@ func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) JoinPathVariable(paths ...string) st
 // DefaultToolCache is where the runner mounts the tool cache inside job containers.
 const DefaultToolCache = "/opt/hostedtoolcache"
 
+type runnerArchKey struct{}
+
+func WithRunnerArch(ctx context.Context) context.Context { // shares one architecture lookup per run
+	if ctx.Value(runnerArchKey{}) != nil {
+		return ctx
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, runnerArchKey{}, &runnerArchCache{lock: make(chan struct{}, 1)})
+}
+
+type runnerArchCache struct {
+	lock chan struct{} // lets cancelled jobs stop waiting for the cache
+	arch string
+}
+
+func cachedRunnerArch(ctx context.Context) string {
+	cache, ok := ctx.Value(runnerArchKey{}).(*runnerArchCache)
+	if !ok {
+		return RunnerArch(ctx)
+	}
+	select {
+	case cache.lock <- struct{}{}:
+		defer func() { <-cache.lock }()
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ""
+	}
+	if cache.arch == "" {
+		cache.arch = RunnerArch(ctx)
+	}
+	return cache.arch
+}
+
 func (*LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions) GetRunnerContext(ctx context.Context) map[string]any {
 	return map[string]any{
 		"os":         "Linux",
-		"arch":       RunnerArch(ctx),
+		"arch":       cachedRunnerArch(ctx),
 		"temp":       "/tmp",
 		"tool_cache": DefaultToolCache,
 	}

act/container/linux_container_environment_extensions_test.go

@@ -5,14 +5,13 @@
 package container
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestContainerPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -22,42 +21,27 @@ func TestContainerPath(t *testing.T) {
 		workDir         string
 	}
 
-	linuxcontainerext := &LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions{}
-
+	cwd, err := os.Getwd()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	tests := []containerPathJob{
+		{"/home/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", "/home/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", ""},
+		{"/home/act", `/home/act/`, ""},
+		{cwd, ".", ""},
+	}
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		cwd, err := os.Getwd()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error(err)
-		}
-
 		rootDrive := os.Getenv("SystemDrive")
-		rootDriveLetter := strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ToLower(rootDrive), `:`, "")
-		for _, v := range []containerPathJob{
+		tests = []containerPathJob{
 			{"/mnt/c/Users/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", "C:\\Users\\act\\go\\src\\github.com\\nektos\\act\\", ""},
 			{"/mnt/f/work/dir", `F:\work\dir`, ""},
 			{"/mnt/c/windows/to/unix", "windows\\to\\unix", rootDrive + "\\"},
-			{fmt.Sprintf("/mnt/%v/act", rootDriveLetter), "act", rootDrive + "\\"},
-		} {
-			if v.workDir != "" {
-				t.Chdir(v.workDir)
-			}
-
-			assert.Equal(t, v.destinationPath, linuxcontainerext.ToContainerPath(v.sourcePath))
+			{"/mnt/" + strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ToLower(rootDrive), `:`, "") + "/act", "act", rootDrive + "\\"},
 		}
-
-		t.Chdir(cwd)
-	} else {
-		cwd, err := os.Getwd()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error(err)
-		}
-		for _, v := range []containerPathJob{
-			{"/home/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", "/home/act/go/src/github.com/nektos/act", ""},
-			{"/home/act", `/home/act/`, ""},
-			{cwd, ".", ""},
-		} {
-			assert.Equal(t, v.destinationPath, linuxcontainerext.ToContainerPath(v.sourcePath))
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		if test.workDir != "" {
+			t.Chdir(test.workDir)
 		}
+		assert.Equal(t, test.destinationPath, (&LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions{}).ToContainerPath(test.sourcePath))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -66,5 +50,4 @@ type typeAssertMockContainer struct {
 	LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions
 }
 
-// Type assert Container + LinuxContainerEnvironmentExtensions implements ExecutionsEnvironment
 var _ ExecutionsEnvironment = &typeAssertMockContainer{}

act/container/parse_env_file.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package container
 import (
 	"archive/tar"
 	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -18,7 +19,8 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/text/transform"
 )
 
-func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Executor {
+// parseEnvFile reads a GITHUB_ENV style file, splitting lines like GitHub's runner on Windows or elsewhere.
+func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string, windows bool) common.Executor {
 	localEnv := *env
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		envTar, err := e.GetContainerArchive(ctx, srcPath)
@@ -38,8 +40,22 @@ func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Ex
 		s := bufio.NewScanner(decoded)
 		// Default 64 KiB max token size is too small for realistic env-file lines; allow up to 16 MiB.
 		s.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 64*1024), 16*1024*1024)
+		scanned := 0
+		s.Split(func(data []byte, atEOF bool) (int, []byte, error) {
+			if index := bytes.IndexByte(data[scanned:], '\n'); index >= 0 {
+				advance := scanned + index + 1
+				scanned = 0
+				return advance, data[:advance], nil
+			}
+			scanned = len(data)
+			if atEOF && len(data) > 0 {
+				scanned = 0
+				return len(data), data, nil
+			}
+			return 0, nil, nil
+		})
 		for s.Scan() {
-			line := s.Text()
+			line := trimEnvLineEnding(s.Text(), windows)
 			// GitHub's runner ignores blank lines
 			if strings.TrimSpace(line) == "" {
 				continue
@@ -52,10 +68,13 @@ func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Ex
 			case multiLineEnv != -1:
 				var multiLineEnvContent []string
 				multiLineEnvDelimiter := line[multiLineEnv+2:]
+				if multiLineEnv == 0 || multiLineEnvDelimiter == "" {
+					return fmt.Errorf("invalid format '%v', name and delimiter must not be empty", line)
+				}
 				delimiterFound := false
 				for s.Scan() {
 					content := s.Text()
-					if content == multiLineEnvDelimiter {
+					if trimEnvLineEnding(content, windows) == multiLineEnvDelimiter {
 						delimiterFound = true
 						break
 					}
@@ -67,7 +86,7 @@ func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Ex
 				if !delimiterFound {
 					return fmt.Errorf("invalid format delimiter '%v' not found before end of file", multiLineEnvDelimiter)
 				}
-				localEnv[line[:multiLineEnv]] = strings.Join(multiLineEnvContent, "\n")
+				localEnv[line[:multiLineEnv]] = trimEnvLineEnding(strings.Join(multiLineEnvContent, ""), windows)
 			default:
 				return fmt.Errorf("invalid format '%v', expected a line with '=' or '<<'", line)
 			}
@@ -75,7 +94,13 @@ func parseEnvFile(e Container, srcPath string, env *map[string]string) common.Ex
 		if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("reading env file: %w", err)
 		}
-		env = &localEnv
 		return nil
 	}
 }
+
+func trimEnvLineEnding(line string, windows bool) string {
+	if windows && strings.HasSuffix(line, "\r\n") {
+		return line[:len(line)-2]
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(line, "\n")
+}

act/container/parse_env_file_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ package container
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
-	"context"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -13,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"golang.org/x/text/encoding"
 	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/unicode"
 )
 
@@ -23,117 +21,78 @@ func newTestHostEnv(t *testing.T) (*HostEnvironment, string) {
 	return e, filepath.Join(e.Path, "envfile")
 }
 
-func TestParseEnvFileSingleLine(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO=bar\nBAZ=qux\n"), 0o600))
-
-	env := map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
-	assert.Equal(t, "qux", env["BAZ"])
-}
-
-func TestParseEnvFileMultiLine(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	content := "FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\nEOF\n"
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
-
-	env := map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "line1\nline2", env["FOO"])
-}
-
-func TestParseEnvFileLargeValueWithinLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	big := strings.Repeat("x", 2*1024*1024)
-	content := "FOO<<EOF\n" + big + "\nEOF\n"
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
-
-	env := map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
-	assert.Equal(t, big, env["FOO"])
+func TestParseEnvFile(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	largeValue := strings.Repeat("x", 2*1024*1024)
+	encodeUTF16 := func(endianness unicode.Endianness) string {
+		content, err := unicode.UTF16(endianness, unicode.UseBOM).NewEncoder().Bytes([]byte("FOO=bar\r\nMULTI<<EOF\r\nline1\r\nEOF\r\n"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return string(content)
+	}
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name, content string
+		want          map[string]string
+	}{
+		{"single line", "FOO=bar\nBAZ=qux\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "bar", "BAZ": "qux"}},
+		{"single line CRLF and final bare CR", "FOO=bar\r\nBAZ=qux\r", map[string]string{"FOO": "bar\r", "BAZ": "qux\r"}},
+		{"single line without final newline", "FOO=bar", map[string]string{"FOO": "bar"}},
+		{"blank lines", "\nFOO=bar\n\n   \nBAZ=qux\n\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "bar", "BAZ": "qux"}},
+		{"multiline", "FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\nEOF\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "line1\nline2"}},
+		{"multiline without final newline", "FOO<<EOF\nline1\r\nline2\r\nEOF", map[string]string{"FOO": "line1\r\nline2\r"}},
+		{"empty multiline without final newline", "FOO<<EOF\nEOF", map[string]string{"FOO": ""}},
+		{"multiline blank lines", "FOO<<EOF\nline1\n\nline2\nEOF\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "line1\n\nline2"}},
+		{"multiline leading blank line", "FOO<<EOF\n\nline2\nEOF\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "\nline2"}},
+		{"multiline CRLF", "FOO<<EOF\r\nline1\r\nline2\r\nEOF\r\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "line1\r\nline2\r"}},
+		{"multiline mixed line endings", "FOO<<EOF\nline1\r\nline2\n\r\nEOF\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "line1\r\nline2\n\r"}},
+		{"large value within limit", "FOO<<EOF\n" + largeValue + "\nEOF\n", map[string]string{"FOO": largeValue}},
+		{"UTF8 BOM", "\xef\xbb\xbfFOO=bar\n", map[string]string{"FOO": "bar"}},
+		{"UTF16 little endian", encodeUTF16(unicode.LittleEndian), map[string]string{"FOO": "bar\r", "MULTI": "line1\r"}},
+		{"UTF16 big endian", encodeUTF16(unicode.BigEndian), map[string]string{"FOO": "bar\r", "MULTI": "line1\r"}},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(test.content), 0o600))
+			env := map[string]string{}
+			require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env, false)(t.Context()))
+			assert.Equal(t, test.want, env)
+		})
+	}
+	t.Run("Windows line endings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		hostEnv, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO=bar\r\nMULTI<<EOF\r\nline1\r\nline2\nEOF\r\n"), 0o600))
+		env := map[string]string{}
+		require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(hostEnv, envPath, &env, true)(t.Context()))
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"FOO": "bar", "MULTI": "line1\r\nline2"}, env)
+	})
 }
 
 func TestParseEnvFileLineExceedsBufferReportsScannerError(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
 	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	tooBig := strings.Repeat("x", 17*1024*1024) // over the 16 MiB cap
-	content := "FOO<<EOF\n" + tooBig + "\nEOF\n"
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\n"+strings.Repeat("x", 17*1024*1024)+"\nEOF\n"), 0o600))
 
 	env := map[string]string{}
-	err := parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background())
+	err := parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env, false)(t.Context())
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, bufio.ErrTooLong)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "reading env file")
 }
 
-// Regression test: a blank line used to fail the job at "Complete Job", after
-// every step had already been recorded as successful.
-func TestParseEnvFileBlankLines(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("\nFOO=bar\n\n   \nBAZ=qux\n\n"), 0o600))
-
-	env := map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
-	assert.Equal(t, "qux", env["BAZ"])
-}
-
-// blank lines inside a heredoc value are content, not separators
-func TestParseEnvFileMultiLineKeepsBlankLines(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\nline1\n\nline2\nEOF\n"), 0o600))
-
-	env := map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "line1\n\nline2", env["FOO"])
-
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\n\nline2\nEOF\n"), 0o600))
-	env = map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "\nline2", env["FOO"])
-}
-
-func TestParseEnvFileUTF8BOM(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	content := append([]byte{0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF}, []byte("FOO=bar\n")...)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, content, 0o600))
-
-	env := map[string]string{}
-	require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
-}
-
-// Windows host mode: PowerShell 5.1 redirection writes UTF-16, which used to be
-// unrecognisable as KEY=VALUE, so the writes were silently ignored.
-func TestParseEnvFileUTF16(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		encoder *encoding.Encoder
-	}{
-		{"little endian", unicode.UTF16(unicode.LittleEndian, unicode.UseBOM).NewEncoder()},
-		{"big endian", unicode.UTF16(unicode.BigEndian, unicode.UseBOM).NewEncoder()},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+func TestParseEnvFileInvalidHeredoc(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, content := range map[string]string{
+		"missing delimiter":              "FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\n",
+		"empty name":                     "<<EOF\nline1\nEOF\n",
+		"empty delimiter":                "FOO<<\nline1\n\n",
+		"delimiter with carriage return": "FOO<<EOF\nline1\nEOF\r\n",
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-			content, err := tt.encoder.Bytes([]byte("FOO=bar\r\nMULTI<<EOF\r\nline1\r\nEOF\r\n"))
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, content, 0o600))
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte(content), 0o600))
 
 			env := map[string]string{}
-			require.NoError(t, parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background()))
-			assert.Equal(t, "bar", env["FOO"])
-			assert.Equal(t, "line1", env["MULTI"])
+			err := parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env, false)(t.Context())
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "delimiter")
+			assert.Empty(t, env)
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestParseEnvFileMissingDelimiter(t *testing.T) {
-	e, envPath := newTestHostEnv(t)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(envPath, []byte("FOO<<EOF\nline1\nline2\n"), 0o600))
-
-	env := map[string]string{}
-	err := parseEnvFile(e, envPath, &env)(context.Background())
-	require.Error(t, err)
-	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "delimiter")
-}

act/container/tar.go

@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@ import (
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/filecollector"
-
-	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/helper/polyfill"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5/osfs"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/gitignore"
 )
 
 func writeFilesTar(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, uid, gid int, files ...*FileEntry) error {
@@ -46,23 +42,13 @@ func writeDirTar(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, dstPath, srcPath string, useG
 	srcPrefix := strings.TrimSuffix(filepath.Dir(srcPath), string(filepath.Separator)) + string(filepath.Separator)
 	logger.Debugf("Stripping prefix:%s src:%s", srcPrefix, srcPath)
 
-	var ignorer gitignore.Matcher
-	if useGitIgnore {
-		ps, err := gitignore.ReadPatterns(polyfill.New(osfs.New(srcPath)), nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.Debugf("Error loading .gitignore: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		ignorer = gitignore.NewMatcher(ps)
-	}
-
 	if err := filepath.Walk(srcPath, (&filecollector.FileCollector{
-		Ignorer:    ignorer,
-		SrcPath:    srcPath,
-		SrcPrefix:  srcPrefix,
-		SkipGitDir: skipGitDir,
-		Handler:    &filecollector.TarCollector{TarWriter: tw, UID: uid, GID: gid, DstDir: dstPath[1:]},
-	}).CollectFiles(ctx, []string{})); err != nil {
+		SrcPath:      srcPath,
+		SrcPrefix:    srcPrefix,
+		SkipGitDir:   skipGitDir,
+		UseGitIgnore: useGitIgnore,
+		Handler:      &filecollector.TarCollector{TarWriter: tw, UID: uid, GID: gid, DstDir: dstPath[1:]},
+	}).CollectFiles(ctx)); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return tw.Close()

act/container/testdata/Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-FROM scratch
-ENV PATH="/this/path/does/not/exists/anywhere:/this/either"
-ENV SOME_RANDOM_VAR=""
-ENV ANOTHER_ONE="BUT_I_HAVE_VALUE"
-ENV CONFLICT_VAR="I_EXIST_ONLY_HERE"

act/container/testdata/scratch/test.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-testfile

act/container/volume_spec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
+)
+
+type VolumeSpec struct {
+	Type     mount.Type
+	Source   string
+	Target   string
+	ReadOnly bool
+	NoCopy   bool
+}
+
+// ParseVolume parses spec like `docker run -v` does, without knowing the target platform.
+func ParseVolume(spec string) (VolumeSpec, error) {
+	switch len(spec) {
+	case 0:
+		return VolumeSpec{}, errors.New("invalid empty volume spec")
+	case 1, 2:
+		return VolumeSpec{Type: mount.TypeVolume, Target: spec}, nil
+	}
+
+	spec = string([]rune(spec)) // each invalid UTF-8 byte becomes U+FFFD, as in the JSON the daemon receives
+	var parts []string
+	for rest := spec; ; {
+		start := 0
+		if hasDriveLetter(rest) {
+			start = strings.IndexByte(rest, ':') + 1
+		}
+		end := strings.IndexByte(rest[start:], ':')
+		if end < 0 {
+			parts = append(parts, rest)
+			break
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, rest[:start+end])
+		rest = rest[start+end+1:]
+	}
+	if len(parts) > 3 {
+		return VolumeSpec{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid spec: %s: too many colons", spec)
+	}
+	if slices.Contains(parts, "") {
+		return VolumeSpec{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid spec: %s: empty section between colons", spec)
+	}
+
+	volume := VolumeSpec{Type: mount.TypeVolume, Target: parts[0]}
+	if len(parts) > 1 {
+		volume.Source, volume.Target = parts[0], parts[1]
+		if isHostPath(volume.Source) {
+			volume.Type = mount.TypeBind
+		}
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 3 {
+		for option := range strings.SplitSeq(parts[2], ",") {
+			switch option {
+			case "ro":
+				volume.ReadOnly = true
+			case "rw":
+				volume.ReadOnly = false
+			case "nocopy":
+				volume.NoCopy = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return volume, nil
+}
+
+func hasDriveLetter(s string) bool {
+	letter, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
+	return size < len(s) && s[size] == ':' && unicode.IsLetter(letter)
+}
+
+func isHostPath(source string) bool {
+	return strings.ContainsAny(source[:1], "./~") || strings.HasPrefix(source, `\\`) || hasDriveLetter(source)
+}

act/container/volume_spec_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package container
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/mount"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParseVolumeReplacesInvalidUTF8LikeTheDaemonSees(t *testing.T) {
+	parsed, err := ParseVolume("/data/\xff\xfe:/mnt:ro")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, VolumeSpec{Type: mount.TypeBind, Source: "/data/<2F><>", Target: "/mnt", ReadOnly: true}, parsed)
+}

act/filecollector/file_collector.go

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	git "github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/filemode"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/gitignore"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/index"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/git"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
 )
 
 type Handler interface {
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ func (tc TarCollector) WriteFile(fpath string, fi fs.FileInfo, linkName string,
 	// update the name to correctly reflect the desired destination when untaring
 	header.Name = path.Join(tc.DstDir, fpath)
 	header.Mode = int64(fi.Mode())
-	header.ModTime = fi.ModTime()
 	header.Uid = tc.UID
 	header.Gid = tc.GID
 
@@ -58,10 +57,8 @@ func (tc TarCollector) WriteFile(fpath string, fi fs.FileInfo, linkName string,
 	}
 
 	// copy file data into tar writer
-	if _, err := io.Copy(tc.TarWriter, f); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
+	_, err = io.Copy(tc.TarWriter, f)
+	return err
 }
 
 type CopyCollector struct {
@@ -87,80 +84,67 @@ func (cc *CopyCollector) WriteFile(fpath string, fi fs.FileInfo, linkName string
 		return err
 	}
 	defer df.Close()
-	if _, err := io.Copy(df, f); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
+	_, err = io.Copy(df, f)
+	return err
 }
 
 type FileCollector struct {
-	Ignorer    gitignore.Matcher
-	SrcPath    string
-	SrcPrefix  string
-	SkipGitDir bool
-	Handler    Handler
+	SrcPath      string
+	SrcPrefix    string
+	SkipGitDir   bool
+	UseGitIgnore bool
+	Handler      Handler
 }
 
-func openGitIndex(path string) (*index.Index, error) {
-	repo, err := git.PlainOpen(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+// foldPath compares git's spelling of a path with the filesystem's, which may differ in case or Unicode normalization.
+func foldPath(name string) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(norm.NFC.String(name))
+}
+
+func (fc *FileCollector) gitFiles(ctx context.Context) map[string]bool {
+	if !fc.UseGitIgnore {
+		return nil
 	}
-	return repo.Storer.Index()
+	files, err := git.ListFiles(ctx, fc.SrcPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Copying %s without applying .gitignore: %v", fc.SrcPath, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	keep := map[string]bool{".": true}
+	for _, file := range files {
+		for file = foldPath(file); !keep[file]; file = path.Dir(file) {
+			keep[file] = true
+		}
+	}
+	return keep
 }
 
-func (fc *FileCollector) CollectFiles(ctx context.Context, submodulePath []string) filepath.WalkFunc {
-	i, _ := openGitIndex(path.Join(fc.SrcPath, path.Join(submodulePath...)))
+func (fc *FileCollector) CollectFiles(ctx context.Context) filepath.WalkFunc {
+	keep := fc.gitFiles(ctx)
 	return func(file string, fi os.FileInfo, err error) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if ctx != nil && ctx.Err() != nil {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
 			return errors.New("copy cancelled")
 		}
-
-		sansPrefix := strings.TrimPrefix(file, fc.SrcPrefix)
-		split := strings.Split(sansPrefix, string(filepath.Separator))
-		// The root folders should be skipped, submodules only have the last path component set to "." by filepath.Walk
-		if fi.IsDir() && len(split) > 0 && split[len(split)-1] == "." {
-			return nil
-		}
-		if fc.SkipGitDir && split[len(split)-1] == ".git" {
+		if fc.SkipGitDir && fi.Name() == ".git" {
 			if fi.IsDir() {
 				return filepath.SkipDir
 			}
 			return nil
 		}
-		var entry *index.Entry
-		if i != nil {
-			entry, err = i.Entry(strings.Join(split[len(submodulePath):], "/"))
-		} else {
-			err = index.ErrEntryNotFound
-		}
-		if err != nil && fc.Ignorer != nil && fc.Ignorer.Match(split, fi.IsDir()) {
-			if fi.IsDir() {
-				if i != nil {
-					ms, err := i.Glob(strings.Join(append(split[len(submodulePath):], "**"), "/"))
-					if err != nil || len(ms) == 0 {
-						return filepath.SkipDir
-					}
-				} else {
+		if keep != nil {
+			rel, _ := filepath.Rel(fc.SrcPath, file)
+			if rel = filepath.ToSlash(rel); !keep[foldPath(rel)] && !strings.Contains("/"+rel+"/", "/.git/") {
+				if fi.IsDir() {
 					return filepath.SkipDir
 				}
-			} else {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
-		if err == nil && entry.Mode == filemode.Submodule {
-			err = filepath.Walk(file, fc.CollectFiles(ctx, split))
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			return filepath.SkipDir
-		}
-		path := filepath.ToSlash(sansPrefix)
+		path := filepath.ToSlash(strings.TrimPrefix(file, fc.SrcPrefix))
 
-		// return on non-regular files (thanks to [kumo](https://medium.com/@komuw/just-like-you-did-fbdd7df829d3) for this suggested update)
 		if fi.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == os.ModeSymlink {
 			linkName, err := os.Readlink(file)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -171,17 +155,12 @@ func (fc *FileCollector) CollectFiles(ctx context.Context, submodulePath []strin
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		// open file
 		f, err := os.Open(file)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		defer f.Close()
-
-		if ctx != nil {
-			stop := context.AfterFunc(ctx, func() { _ = f.Close() })
-			defer stop()
-		}
+		defer context.AfterFunc(ctx, func() { _ = f.Close() })()
 
 		return fc.Handler.WriteFile(path, fi, "", f)
 	}

act/filecollector/file_collector_test.go

@@ -9,106 +9,78 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"io"
+	"maps"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	git "github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/format/gitignore"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestIgnoredTrackedfile(t *testing.T) {
+func gitCmd(t *testing.T, args ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	out, err := exec.Command("git", args...).CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, string(out))
+}
+
+func TestCollectFilesKeepsWhatGitTracksOrDoesNotIgnore(t *testing.T) {
 	repoDir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "mygitrepo")
-	repo, err := git.PlainInit(repoDir, false)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(repoDir, ".gitignore"), []byte(".*\n"), 0o644))
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(repoDir, ".env"), []byte("test=val1\n"), 0o644))
-	worktree, err := repo.Worktree()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = worktree.Add(".gitignore")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, dir := range []string{repoDir, filepath.Join(repoDir, "sub"), filepath.Join(repoDir, "nested")} {
+		gitCmd(t, "init", "-q", dir)
+	}
+	for name, body := range map[string]string{
+		".gitignore":     ".*\nign/\n",
+		".env":           "",
+		"Renamed":        "",
+		"ign/tracked":    "",
+		"ign/untracked":  "",
+		"sub/.gitignore": "dropped\n",
+		"sub/dropped":    "",
+		"sub/kept":       "",
+		"nested/kept":    "",
+	} {
+		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(filepath.Join(repoDir, name)), 0o755))
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(repoDir, name), []byte(body), 0o644))
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(repoDir, "uninitialized"), 0o755))
+	gitCmd(t, "-C", repoDir, "add", "-f", ".gitignore", "Renamed", "ign/tracked")
+	require.NoError(t, os.Rename(filepath.Join(repoDir, "Renamed"), filepath.Join(repoDir, "renamed")))
+	for _, gitlink := range []string{"sub", "uninitialized"} {
+		gitCmd(t, "-C", repoDir, "update-index", "--add", "--cacheinfo", "160000,4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904,"+gitlink)
+	}
+	expected := map[string]string{".gitignore": "", "ign/tracked": "", "nested/kept": "", "renamed": "", "sub/.gitignore": "", "sub/kept": ""}
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(".env", filepath.Join(repoDir, "test.env")))
+		expected["test.env"] = ".env"
+	}
 
 	var archive bytes.Buffer
 	tw := tar.NewWriter(&archive)
-	patterns, err := gitignore.ReadPatterns(worktree.Filesystem, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	ignorer := gitignore.NewMatcher(patterns)
-	fc := &FileCollector{
-		Ignorer:   ignorer,
-		SrcPath:   repoDir,
-		SrcPrefix: repoDir + string(filepath.Separator),
-		Handler: &TarCollector{
-			TarWriter: tw,
-		},
-	}
-	err = filepath.Walk(repoDir, fc.CollectFiles(context.Background(), nil))
-	assert.NoError(t, err, "successfully collect files")
+	fc := &FileCollector{SrcPath: repoDir, SrcPrefix: repoDir + string(filepath.Separator), UseGitIgnore: true, Handler: &TarCollector{TarWriter: tw}}
+	require.NoError(t, filepath.Walk(repoDir, fc.CollectFiles(t.Context())))
 	require.NoError(t, tw.Close())
+
+	files := map[string]string{}
 	tr := tar.NewReader(&archive)
-	h, err := tr.Next()
-	assert.NoError(t, err, "tar must not be empty") //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
-	assert.Equal(t, ".gitignore", h.Name)
-	_, err = tr.Next()
-	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF, "tar must only contain one element")
+	for header, err := tr.Next(); err != io.EOF; header, err = tr.Next() {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		files[header.Name] = header.Linkname
+	}
+	assert.Contains(t, files, ".git/HEAD")
+	maps.DeleteFunc(files, func(name, _ string) bool { return strings.Contains("/"+name, "/.git/") })
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, files)
 }
 
-func TestSymlinks(t *testing.T) {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		t.Skip("creating symlinks requires elevated privileges on Windows")
-	}
-	repoDir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "mygitrepo")
-	repo, err := git.PlainInit(repoDir, false)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(repoDir, ".env"), []byte("test=val1\n"), 0o644))
-	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(".env", filepath.Join(repoDir, "test.env")))
-	worktree, err := repo.Worktree()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = worktree.Add("test.env")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	var archive bytes.Buffer
-	tw := tar.NewWriter(&archive)
-	fc := &FileCollector{
-		SrcPath:   repoDir,
-		SrcPrefix: repoDir + string(filepath.Separator),
-		Handler: &TarCollector{
-			TarWriter: tw,
-		},
-	}
-	err = filepath.Walk(repoDir, fc.CollectFiles(context.Background(), nil))
-	assert.NoError(t, err, "successfully collect files")
-	require.NoError(t, tw.Close())
-	tr := tar.NewReader(&archive)
-	h, err := tr.Next()
-	files := map[string]tar.Header{}
-	for err == nil {
-		files[h.Name] = *h
-		h, err = tr.Next()
-	}
-
-	assert.Equal(t, ".env", files[".env"].Name)
-	assert.Equal(t, "test.env", files["test.env"].Name)
-	assert.Equal(t, ".env", files["test.env"].Linkname)
-	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF, "tar must be read cleanly to EOF")
-}
-
-// Regression for https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/876 and /941:
-// re-copying an action directory must overwrite a pre-existing read-only
-// file (e.g. a git pack .idx at mode 0444) instead of failing with EACCES
-// on macOS or "Access is denied" on Windows.
 func TestCopyCollectorWriteFileOverwritesReadOnlyFile(t *testing.T) {
 	dst := t.TempDir()
 	target := filepath.Join(dst, "sub", "pack.idx")
 	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(target), 0o755))
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(target, []byte("old"), 0o444))
-
-	src := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "pack.idx")
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(src, []byte("new"), 0o444))
-	fi, err := os.Stat(src)
+	fi, err := os.Stat(target)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	cc := &CopyCollector{DstDir: dst}
@@ -119,8 +91,6 @@ func TestCopyCollectorWriteFileOverwritesReadOnlyFile(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "new", string(got))
 }
 
-// Without the destination removal, os.Symlink fails with EEXIST when the
-// path already holds a regular file from an earlier copy of the action.
 func TestCopyCollectorWriteFileOverwritesFileWithSymlink(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("creating symlinks requires elevated privileges on Windows")
@@ -129,11 +99,8 @@ func TestCopyCollectorWriteFileOverwritesFileWithSymlink(t *testing.T) {
 	target := filepath.Join(dst, "link")
 	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(target, []byte("stale"), 0o644))
 
-	fi, err := os.Lstat(target)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
 	cc := &CopyCollector{DstDir: dst}
-	require.NoError(t, cc.WriteFile("link", fi, "target", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, cc.WriteFile("link", nil, "target", nil))
 
 	resolved, err := os.Readlink(target)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -143,7 +110,7 @@ func TestCopyCollectorWriteFileOverwritesFileWithSymlink(t *testing.T) {
 func TestFileCollectorCancellationAndWalkError(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	cancel()
-	walk := (&FileCollector{}).CollectFiles(ctx, nil)
+	walk := (&FileCollector{}).CollectFiles(ctx)
 
 	err := walk("file", nil, nil)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "copy cancelled")

act/ghcontext/github_context.go

@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ var (
 
 type pinnedKey struct{}
 
-// WithPinnedCheckout keeps a run's sha and ref fixed when HEAD moves.
-func WithPinnedCheckout(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+// WithPinnedCheckout keeps a run's sha, ref and repository fixed when HEAD moves, in pins unless ctx has some.
+func WithPinnedCheckout(ctx context.Context, pins *sync.Map) context.Context {
 	if ctx.Value(pinnedKey{}) != nil {
 		return ctx
 	}
-	return context.WithValue(ctx, pinnedKey{}, &sync.Map{})
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, pinnedKey{}, pins)
 }
 
 func pinned(ctx context.Context, key string, lookup func() (string, error)) (string, error) {
@@ -57,12 +57,29 @@ func SetRef(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, repoPath string) {
 	case "pull_request_target":
 		ghc.Ref = "refs/heads/" + ghc.BaseRef
 	case "pull_request", "pull_request_review", "pull_request_review_comment":
-		ghc.Ref = fmt.Sprintf("refs/pull/%.0f/merge", ghc.Event["number"])
+		number := ghc.Event["number"]
+		if number == nil {
+			number = model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "pull_request", "number")
+		}
+		ghc.Ref = fmt.Sprintf("refs/pull/%.0f/merge", number)
+		if ghc.EventName == "pull_request" && ghc.Event["action"] == "closed" && model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "pull_request", "merged") == true {
+			ghc.Ref = "refs/heads/" + ghc.BaseRef
+		}
 	case "deployment", "deployment_status":
 		ghc.Ref = model.AsString(model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "deployment", "ref"))
 	case "release":
 		ghc.Ref = "refs/tags/" + model.AsString(model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "release", "tag_name"))
-	case "push", "create", "workflow_dispatch":
+	case "create":
+		ghc.Ref = model.AsString(ghc.Event["ref"])
+		if ghc.Ref != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(ghc.Ref, "refs/") {
+			switch model.AsString(ghc.Event["ref_type"]) {
+			case "branch":
+				ghc.Ref = "refs/heads/" + ghc.Ref
+			case "tag":
+				ghc.Ref = "refs/tags/" + ghc.Ref
+			}
+		}
+	case "push", "workflow_dispatch":
 		ghc.Ref = model.AsString(ghc.Event["ref"])
 	default:
 		defaultBranch := model.AsString(model.NestedMapLookup(ghc.Event, "repository", "default_branch"))
@@ -74,7 +91,7 @@ func SetRef(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, repoPath string) {
 	if ghc.Ref == "" {
 		ref, err := pinned(ctx, "ref:"+repoPath, func() (string, error) { return findGitRef(ctx, repoPath) })
 		if err != nil {
-			logger.Warningf("unable to get git ref: %v", err)
+			logger.Warnf("unable to get git ref: %v", err)
 		} else {
 			logger.Debugf("using github ref: %s", ref)
 			ghc.Ref = ref
@@ -117,11 +134,10 @@ func SetSha(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, repoPath string) {
 
 	if ghc.Sha == "" {
 		sha, err := pinned(ctx, "sha:"+repoPath, func() (string, error) {
-			_, revision, err := findGitRevision(ctx, repoPath)
-			return revision, err
+			return findGitRevision(ctx, repoPath)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			logger.Warningf("unable to get git revision: %v", err)
+			logger.Warnf("unable to get git revision: %v", err)
 		} else {
 			ghc.Sha = sha
 		}
@@ -130,14 +146,14 @@ func SetSha(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, repoPath string) {
 
 // SetRepositoryAndOwner resolves the repository of the context from the git
 // remote in repoPath when it is not set yet, and derives its owner.
-func SetRepositoryAndOwner(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, githubInstance, repoPath string) {
+func SetRepositoryAndOwner(ctx context.Context, ghc *model.GithubContext, repoPath string) {
 	if ghc.Repository == "" {
-		repo, err := findGithubRepo(ctx, repoPath, githubInstance)
+		repo, err := pinned(ctx, "repo:"+repoPath, func() (string, error) { return findGithubRepo(ctx, repoPath) })
 		if err != nil {
-			common.Logger(ctx).Warningf("unable to get git repo (githubInstance: %v, repoPath: %v): %v", githubInstance, repoPath, err)
+			common.Logger(ctx).Warnf("unable to get git repo (repoPath: %v): %v", repoPath, err)
 			return
 		}
 		ghc.Repository = repo
 	}
-	ghc.RepositoryOwner = strings.Split(ghc.Repository, "/")[0]
+	ghc.RepositoryOwner, _, _ = strings.Cut(ghc.Repository, "/")
 }

act/ghcontext/github_context_test.go

@@ -7,29 +7,21 @@ package ghcontext
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
 func TestSetRef(t *testing.T) {
-	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
-
 	oldFindGitRef := findGitRef
-	oldFindGitRevision := findGitRevision
 	defer func() { findGitRef = oldFindGitRef }()
-	defer func() { findGitRevision = oldFindGitRevision }()
 
-	findGitRef = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
+	findGitRef = func(_ctx context.Context, _file string) (string, error) {
 		return "refs/heads/master", nil
 	}
 
-	findGitRevision = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, string, error) {
-		return "", "1234fakesha", nil
-	}
-
 	tables := []struct {
 		eventName string
 		event     map[string]any
@@ -50,6 +42,30 @@ func TestSetRef(t *testing.T) {
 			ref:     "refs/pull/1234/merge",
 			refName: "1234/merge",
 		},
+		{
+			eventName: "pull_request_review",
+			event:     map[string]any{"pull_request": map[string]any{"number": 1234.}},
+			ref:       "refs/pull/1234/merge",
+			refName:   "1234/merge",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "pull_request",
+			event:     map[string]any{"number": 1234., "action": "closed", "pull_request": map[string]any{"merged": true}},
+			ref:       "refs/heads/master",
+			refName:   "master",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "pull_request",
+			event:     map[string]any{"number": 1234., "action": "closed", "pull_request": map[string]any{"merged": false}},
+			ref:       "refs/pull/1234/merge",
+			refName:   "1234/merge",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "pull_request_review_comment",
+			event:     map[string]any{"pull_request": map[string]any{"number": 1234.}},
+			ref:       "refs/pull/1234/merge",
+			refName:   "1234/merge",
+		},
 		{
 			eventName: "deployment",
 			event: map[string]any{
@@ -78,6 +94,24 @@ func TestSetRef(t *testing.T) {
 			ref:     "refs/heads/somebranch",
 			refName: "somebranch",
 		},
+		{
+			eventName: "create",
+			event:     map[string]any{"ref": "feature/new", "ref_type": "branch"},
+			ref:       "refs/heads/feature/new",
+			refName:   "feature/new",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "create",
+			event:     map[string]any{"ref": "v1", "ref_type": "tag"},
+			ref:       "refs/tags/v1",
+			refName:   "v1",
+		},
+		{
+			eventName: "create",
+			event:     map[string]any{"ref": "refs/tags/v1", "ref_type": "tag"},
+			ref:       "refs/tags/v1",
+			refName:   "v1",
+		},
 		{
 			eventName: "unknown",
 			event: map[string]any{
@@ -104,7 +138,7 @@ func TestSetRef(t *testing.T) {
 				Event:     table.event,
 			}
 
-			SetRef(context.Background(), ghc, "/some/dir")
+			SetRef(t.Context(), ghc, "/some/dir")
 			ghc.SetRefTypeAndName()
 
 			assert.Equal(t, table.ref, ghc.Ref)
@@ -113,7 +147,7 @@ func TestSetRef(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	t.Run("no-default-branch", func(t *testing.T) {
-		findGitRef = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
+		findGitRef = func(_ctx context.Context, _file string) (string, error) {
 			return "", errors.New("no default branch")
 		}
 
@@ -122,26 +156,22 @@ func TestSetRef(t *testing.T) {
 			Event:     map[string]any{},
 		}
 
-		SetRef(context.Background(), ghc, "/some/dir")
+		SetRef(t.Context(), ghc, "/some/dir")
 
 		assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/master", ghc.Ref)
 	})
 }
 
 func TestSetSha(t *testing.T) {
-	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
-
 	oldFindGitRef := findGitRef
 	oldFindGitRevision := findGitRevision
+	oldFindGithubRepo := findGithubRepo
 	defer func() { findGitRef = oldFindGitRef }()
 	defer func() { findGitRevision = oldFindGitRevision }()
+	defer func() { findGithubRepo = oldFindGithubRepo }()
 
-	findGitRef = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, error) {
-		return "refs/heads/master", nil
-	}
-
-	findGitRevision = func(ctx context.Context, file string) (string, string, error) {
-		return "", "1234fakesha", nil
+	findGitRevision = func(_ctx context.Context, _file string) (string, error) {
+		return "1234fakesha", nil
 	}
 
 	tables := []struct {
@@ -176,11 +206,6 @@ func TestSetSha(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			sha: "deployment-sha",
 		},
-		{
-			eventName: "release",
-			event:     map[string]any{},
-			sha:       "1234fakesha",
-		},
 		{
 			eventName: "push",
 			event: map[string]any{
@@ -194,37 +219,34 @@ func TestSetSha(t *testing.T) {
 			event:     map[string]any{},
 			sha:       "1234fakesha",
 		},
-		{
-			eventName: "no-event",
-			event:     map[string]any{},
-			sha:       "1234fakesha",
-		},
 	}
 
 	for _, table := range tables {
 		t.Run(table.eventName, func(t *testing.T) {
 			ghc := &model.GithubContext{
 				EventName: table.eventName,
-				BaseRef:   "master",
 				Event:     table.event,
 			}
 
-			SetSha(context.Background(), ghc, "/some/dir")
+			SetSha(t.Context(), ghc, "/some/dir")
 
 			assert.Equal(t, table.sha, ghc.Sha)
 		})
 	}
 
-	t.Run("pinned checkout keeps the first sha and ref", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx := WithPinnedCheckout(context.Background())
+	t.Run("pinned checkout keeps the first sha, ref and repository", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx := WithPinnedCheckout(t.Context(), &sync.Map{})
 		for _, head := range []string{"first", "moved"} {
-			findGitRevision = func(context.Context, string) (string, string, error) { return "", head, nil }
+			findGitRevision = func(context.Context, string) (string, error) { return head, nil }
 			findGitRef = func(context.Context, string) (string, error) { return "refs/heads/" + head, nil }
+			findGithubRepo = func(context.Context, string) (string, error) { return "owner/" + head, nil }
 			ghc := &model.GithubContext{Event: map[string]any{}}
 			SetSha(ctx, ghc, "/some/dir")
 			SetRef(ctx, ghc, "/some/dir")
+			SetRepositoryAndOwner(ctx, ghc, "/some/dir")
 			assert.Equal(t, "first", ghc.Sha)
 			assert.Equal(t, "refs/heads/first", ghc.Ref)
+			assert.Equal(t, "owner/first", ghc.Repository)
 		}
 	})
 }

act/lookpath/lp_unix_test.go

@@ -13,35 +13,23 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
-func TestLookPath2SearchesPathAndEmptyElement(t *testing.T) {
+func TestLookPath2SearchesPathAndEmptyElementOrUsesDirectPath(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	exe := filepath.Join(dir, "tool")
 	if err := os.WriteFile(exe, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	got, err := LookPath2("tool", map[string]string{"PATH": string(filepath.ListSeparator) + dir})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if got != exe {
-		t.Fatalf("LookPath2() = %q, want %q", got, exe)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestLookPath2DirectPathDoesNotSearchPath(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	exe := filepath.Join(dir, "tool")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(exe, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	got, err := LookPath2(exe, map[string]string{"PATH": ""})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if got != exe {
-		t.Fatalf("LookPath2() = %q, want %q", got, exe)
+	for file, searchPath := range map[string]string{"tool": string(filepath.ListSeparator) + dir, exe: ""} {
+		t.Run(file, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := LookPath2(file, map[string]string{"PATH": searchPath})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if got != exe {
+				t.Fatalf("LookPath2() = %q, want %q", got, exe)
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
 

act/lookpath/lp_windows.go

@@ -28,21 +28,15 @@ func chkStat(file string) error {
 }
 
 func hasExt(file string) bool {
-	i := strings.LastIndex(file, ".")
-	if i < 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	return strings.LastIndexAny(file, `:\/`) < i
+	return strings.LastIndex(file, ".") > strings.LastIndexAny(file, `:\/`)
 }
 
 func findExecutable(file string, exts []string) (string, error) {
 	if len(exts) == 0 {
 		return file, chkStat(file)
 	}
-	if hasExt(file) {
-		if chkStat(file) == nil {
-			return file, nil
-		}
+	if hasExt(file) && chkStat(file) == nil {
+		return file, nil
 	}
 	for _, e := range exts {
 		if f := file + e; chkStat(f) == nil {

act/runner/action.go

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/sha256"
-	"embed"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -20,12 +19,15 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/git"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/container"
 
+	_ "embed"
+
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
 	"github.com/kballard/go-shellquote"
 )
@@ -47,11 +49,13 @@ type fileWriter func(filename string, data []byte, perm fs.FileMode) error
 type runAction func(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction) common.Executor
 
 //go:embed res/trampoline.js
-var trampoline embed.FS
+var trampoline string
 
 var (
 	ContainerImageExistsLocally     = container.ImageExistsLocally
 	ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor = container.NewDockerBuildExecutor
+	dockerActionNamePattern         = regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]")
+	inputEnvPattern                 = regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Z0-9-]")
 )
 
 func readActionImpl(ctx context.Context, step *model.Step, actionDir, actionPath string, readFile actionYamlReader, writeFile fileWriter) (*model.Action, error) {
@@ -71,52 +75,52 @@ func readActionImpl(ctx context.Context, step *model.Step, actionDir, actionPath
 		reader, closer, err = readFile("action.yaml")
 		addError("action.yaml", err)
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			_, closer, err := readFile("Dockerfile")
-			addError("Dockerfile", err)
+			dockerfile := "Dockerfile"
+			_, closer, err := readFile(dockerfile)
+			addError(dockerfile, err)
+			if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				dockerfile = "dockerfile"
+				_, closer, err = readFile(dockerfile)
+				addError(dockerfile, err)
+			}
 			if err == nil {
 				closer.Close()
 				action := &model.Action{
 					Name: "(Synthetic)",
 					Runs: model.ActionRuns{
 						Using: "docker",
-						Image: "Dockerfile",
+						Image: dockerfile,
 					},
 				}
-				logger.Debugf("Using synthetic action %v for Dockerfile", action)
+				logger.Debugf("Using synthetic action %v for %s", action, dockerfile)
 				return action, nil
 			}
-			if step.With != nil {
-				if val, ok := step.With["args"]; ok {
-					var b []byte
-					if b, err = trampoline.ReadFile("res/trampoline.js"); err != nil {
-						return nil, err
-					}
-					err2 := writeFile(filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath, "trampoline.js"), b, 0o400)
-					if err2 != nil {
-						return nil, err2
-					}
-					action := &model.Action{
-						Name: "(Synthetic)",
-						Inputs: map[string]model.Input{
-							"cwd": {
-								Description: "(Actual working directory)",
-								Required:    false,
-								Default:     filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath),
-							},
-							"command": {
-								Description: "(Actual program)",
-								Required:    false,
-								Default:     val,
-							},
-						},
-						Runs: model.ActionRuns{
-							Using: "node12",
-							Main:  "trampoline.js",
-						},
-					}
-					logger.Debugf("Using synthetic action %v", action)
-					return action, nil
+			if val, ok := step.With["args"]; ok {
+				if err := writeFile(filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath, "trampoline.js"), []byte(trampoline), 0o644); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
 				}
+				action := &model.Action{
+					Name: "(Synthetic)",
+					Inputs: map[string]model.Input{
+						"args": {},
+						"cwd": {
+							Description: "(Actual working directory)",
+							Required:    false,
+							Default:     filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath),
+						},
+						"command": {
+							Description: "(Actual program)",
+							Required:    false,
+							Default:     val,
+						},
+					},
+					Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+						Using: "node12",
+						Main:  "trampoline.js",
+					},
+				}
+				logger.Debugf("Using synthetic action %v", action)
+				return action, nil
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -125,8 +129,7 @@ func readActionImpl(ctx context.Context, step *model.Step, actionDir, actionPath
 	}
 	defer closer.Close()
 
-	action, err := model.ReadAction(reader)
-	return action, err
+	return model.ReadAction(reader)
 }
 
 func maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir string) error {
@@ -145,18 +148,23 @@ func maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionDir, actio
 		containerActionDirCopy += `/`
 	}
 
-	defer git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir)()
-
-	if !rc.Config.NoActionPatch {
-		// A concurrent job's prepare resets this directory, so patch under the copy's lock.
-		defer patchActions(ctx, actionScriptPaths(filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath), step.getActionModel()))()
-	}
-
-	if err := removeGitIgnore(ctx, actionDir); err != nil {
+	unlock, err := git.AcquireCloneLock(ctx, actionDir)
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	defer unlock()
 
-	return rc.JobContainer.CopyDir(containerActionDirCopy, actionDir+"/", rc.Config.UseGitIgnore, true)(ctx)
+	if err := rc.JobContainer.CopyDir(containerActionDirCopy, actionDir+"/", false, true)(ctx); err != nil { // an exported commit has no .git to apply gitignore with
+		return err
+	}
+	if rc.Config.NoActionPatch {
+		return nil
+	}
+	patched := patchedScripts(ctx, actionDir, actionScriptPaths(actionDir, filepath.Join(actionDir, actionPath), step.getActionModel()))
+	if len(patched) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return rc.JobContainer.Copy(containerActionDirCopy, patched...)(ctx)
 }
 
 func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction) common.Executor {
@@ -166,7 +174,7 @@ func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		actionPath := ""
-		if remoteAction != nil && remoteAction.Path != "" {
+		if remoteAction != nil {
 			actionPath = remoteAction.Path
 		}
 
@@ -177,9 +185,10 @@ func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction
 		if err := populateEnvsFromInput(ctx, step.getEnv(), action, rc); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		warnUnexpectedInputs(ctx, action, stepModel.With)
+		printRunActionHeader(ctx, stepModel, action, *step.getEnv(), rc)
 
-		actionLocation := path.Join(actionDir, actionPath)
-		actionName, containerActionDir := getContainerActionPaths(stepModel, actionLocation, rc)
+		actionName, containerActionDir := getContainerActionPaths(step)
 
 		logger.Debugf("type=%v actionDir=%s actionPath=%s workdir=%s actionCacheDir=%s actionName=%s containerActionDir=%s", stepModel.Type(), actionDir, actionPath, rc.Config.Workdir, rc.ActionCacheDir(), actionName, containerActionDir)
 
@@ -196,7 +205,7 @@ func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction
 
 			return rc.JobContainer.Exec(containerArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", "")(ctx)
 		case x.IsDocker():
-			location := actionLocation
+			location := path.Join(actionDir, actionPath)
 			if remoteAction == nil {
 				location = containerActionDir
 			}
@@ -215,12 +224,9 @@ func runActionImpl(step actionStep, actionDir string, remoteAction *remoteAction
 			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
 
 			execFileName := action.Runs.Main + ".out"
-			buildArgs := []string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Main}
-			execArgs := []string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}
-
 			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(buildArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(execArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Main}, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
 			)(ctx)
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("the runs.using key must be one of: %v, got %s", []string{
@@ -241,23 +247,6 @@ func nodeActionCommand(script string) []string {
 	return []string{"node", "--preserve-symlinks-main", script}
 }
 
-// https://github.com/nektos/act/issues/228#issuecomment-629709055
-// files in .gitignore are not copied in a Docker container
-// this causes issues with actions that ignore other important resources
-// such as `node_modules` for example
-func removeGitIgnore(ctx context.Context, directory string) error {
-	gitIgnorePath := path.Join(directory, ".gitignore")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(gitIgnorePath); err == nil {
-		// .gitignore exists
-		common.Logger(ctx).Debugf("Removing %s before docker cp", gitIgnorePath)
-		err := os.Remove(gitIgnorePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // dockerActionImageTag derives the local docker image tag used when an action
 // is built from a Dockerfile.
 //
@@ -276,16 +265,14 @@ func dockerActionImageTag(repository, actionName string, localAction bool) strin
 		name = path.Join(repository, actionName)
 	}
 	// The human-readable name is sanitized by collapsing every non-alphanumeric character to "-".
-	sanitized := regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]").ReplaceAllString(name, "-")
+	sanitized := dockerActionNamePattern.ReplaceAllString(name, "-")
 	if localAction {
 		// For local actions a short hash of the raw repository and action path is appended so the tag stays unique per repository.
 		sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(repository + "\x00" + actionName))
 		sanitized += "-" + hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])[:12]
 	}
 	// "-dockeraction" ensures that "./", "./test " won't get converted to "act-:latest", "act-test-:latest" which are invalid docker image names
-	image := fmt.Sprintf("%s-dockeraction:%s", sanitized, "latest")
-	image = "act-" + strings.TrimLeft(image, "-")
-	return strings.ToLower(image)
+	return strings.ToLower("act-" + strings.TrimLeft(sanitized+"-dockeraction:latest", "-"))
 }
 
 // One image per step and job: its stages share a build, and concurrent jobs never run each other's.
@@ -329,9 +316,12 @@ func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, actionDir, b
 			return err
 		}
 
-		correctArchExists, err := ContainerImageExistsLocally(ctx, image, rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+		correctArchExists := anyArchExists
+		if anyArchExists && rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture != "" && rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture != "any" {
+			correctArchExists, err = ContainerImageExistsLocally(ctx, image, rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		}
 
 		if anyArchExists && !correctArchExists {
@@ -366,7 +356,11 @@ func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, actionDir, b
 				// Held across the whole build: the daemon drains contextDir lazily.
 				inner := prepImage
 				prepImage = func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					defer git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir)()
+					unlock, err := git.AcquireCloneLock(ctx, actionDir)
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					defer unlock()
 					return inner(ctx)
 				}
 			}
@@ -374,14 +368,11 @@ func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, actionDir, b
 			logger.Debugf("image '%s' for architecture '%s' already exists", image, rc.Config.ContainerArchitecture)
 		}
 	}
-	cmd, err := shellquote.Split(step.getStepModel().With["args"])
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	ee, err := evalDockerEnv(ctx, step, action)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	var cmd []string
 	if action.Runs.Args != nil {
 		// a fresh slice, the manifest is evaluated again for every stage
 		cmd = make([]string, len(action.Runs.Args))
@@ -390,6 +381,11 @@ func execAsDocker(ctx context.Context, step actionStep, actionName, actionDir, b
 				return fmt.Errorf("unable to interpolate runs.args: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
+	} else {
+		cmd, err = shellquote.Split(stepInput(step.getStepModel(), "args"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	entrypoint, err := dockerEntrypoint(step, stage)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -419,7 +415,7 @@ func dockerEntrypoint(step actionStep, stage stepStage) ([]string, error) {
 	default:
 		entrypoint = runs.Entrypoint
 		if entrypoint == "" {
-			if fields := strings.Fields(step.getStepModel().With["entrypoint"]); len(fields) > 0 {
+			if fields := strings.Fields(stepInput(step.getStepModel(), "entrypoint")); len(fields) > 0 {
 				return fields, nil
 			}
 		}
@@ -437,9 +433,15 @@ func evalDockerEnv(ctx context.Context, step step, action *model.Action) (*expre
 
 	var err error
 	inputs := make(map[string]string)
+	providedInputs := make(map[string]bool, len(step.getStepModel().With))
+	for key := range step.getStepModel().With {
+		providedInputs[strings.ToLower(key)] = true
+	}
 	eval := rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
-	// Set Defaults
 	for k, input := range action.Inputs {
+		if providedInputs[strings.ToLower(k)] {
+			continue
+		}
 		if inputs[k], err = eval.Interpolate(ctx, input.Default); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to interpolate the default of input %s: %w", k, err)
 		}
@@ -498,20 +500,19 @@ func newStepContainer(ctx context.Context, step step, image string, cmd, entrypo
 }
 
 func populateEnvsFromSavedState(env *map[string]string, step actionStep, rc *RunContext) {
-	state, ok := rc.IntraActionState[step.getStepModel().ID]
-	if ok {
-		for name, value := range state {
-			envName := "STATE_" + name
-			(*env)[envName] = value
-		}
+	for name, value := range rc.IntraActionState[step.getStepModel().ID] {
+		(*env)["STATE_"+name] = value
 	}
 }
 
+func inputEnvKey(inputID string) string {
+	return "INPUT_" + inputEnvPattern.ReplaceAllString(strings.ToUpper(inputID), "_")
+}
+
 func populateEnvsFromInput(ctx context.Context, env *map[string]string, action *model.Action, rc *RunContext) error {
 	eval := rc.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx)
 	for inputID, input := range action.Inputs {
-		envKey := regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Z0-9-]").ReplaceAllString(strings.ToUpper(inputID), "_")
-		envKey = "INPUT_" + envKey
+		envKey := inputEnvKey(inputID)
 		if _, ok := (*env)[envKey]; !ok {
 			var err error
 			if (*env)[envKey], err = eval.Interpolate(ctx, input.Default); err != nil {
@@ -522,25 +523,55 @@ func populateEnvsFromInput(ctx context.Context, env *map[string]string, action *
 	return nil
 }
 
-func getContainerActionPaths(step *model.Step, actionDir string, rc *RunContext) (string, string) {
-	actionName := ""
-	containerActionDir := "."
-	if step.Type() != model.StepTypeUsesActionRemote {
-		actionName = getOsSafeRelativePath(actionDir, rc.Config.Workdir)
-		containerActionDir = rc.JobContainer.ToContainerPath(rc.Config.Workdir) + "/" + actionName
-		actionName = "./" + actionName
-	} else if step.Type() == model.StepTypeUsesActionRemote {
-		actionName = getOsSafeRelativePath(actionDir, rc.ActionCacheDir())
-		containerActionDir = rc.JobContainer.GetActPath() + "/actions/" + actionName
+// lookupFold finds name in values, ignoring case where the environment does, as GitHub's inputs always do.
+func lookupFold[V any](values map[string]V, name string, caseInsensitive bool) (V, bool) {
+	if value, ok := values[name]; ok || !caseInsensitive {
+		return value, ok
 	}
-
-	if actionName == "" {
-		actionName = filepath.Base(actionDir)
-		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-			actionName = strings.ReplaceAll(actionName, "\\", "/")
+	for key, value := range values {
+		if strings.EqualFold(key, name) {
+			return value, true
 		}
 	}
-	return actionName, containerActionDir
+	var zero V
+	return zero, false
+}
+
+func stepInput(step *model.Step, name string) string {
+	value, _ := lookupFold(step.With, name, true)
+	return value
+}
+
+func warnUnexpectedInputs(ctx context.Context, action *model.Action, inputs map[string]string) {
+	docker := action.Runs.Using.IsDocker()
+	var unexpectedInputs []string
+	for input := range inputs {
+		_, declared := lookupFold(action.Inputs, input, true)
+		containerInput := docker && (strings.EqualFold(input, "entryPoint") || strings.EqualFold(input, "args"))
+		if !declared && !containerInput {
+			unexpectedInputs = append(unexpectedInputs, input)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(unexpectedInputs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	validInputs := slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(action.Inputs))
+	if docker {
+		validInputs = append([]string{"entryPoint", "args"}, validInputs...)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(unexpectedInputs)
+	common.Logger(ctx).With(rawOutputField, true).Warnf("##[warning]%s", EscapeCommandData(fmt.Sprintf(
+		"Unexpected input(s) '%s', valid inputs are ['%s']", strings.Join(unexpectedInputs, "', '"), strings.Join(validInputs, "', '"))))
+}
+
+func getContainerActionPaths(step actionStep) (string, string) {
+	rc := step.getRunContext()
+	if sar, ok := step.(*stepActionRemote); ok { // a copy per action, as its repository's directory is shared
+		actionName := path.Join(sar.containerKey(), sar.remoteAction.Path)
+		return actionName, rc.JobContainer.GetActPath() + "/actions/" + actionName
+	}
+	actionName := getOsSafeRelativePath(filepath.Join(rc.Config.Workdir, step.getStepModel().Uses), rc.Config.Workdir)
+	return "./" + actionName, rc.JobContainer.ToContainerPath(rc.Config.Workdir) + "/" + actionName
 }
 
 func getOsSafeRelativePath(s, prefix string) string {
@@ -586,13 +617,13 @@ func actionStagePaths(step actionStep) (actionDir, actionPath, actionName, conta
 	stepModel := step.getStepModel()
 
 	if sar, ok := step.(*stepActionRemote); ok {
-		actionDir = sar.actionDir()
+		actionDir = sar.actionDir
 		actionPath = sar.remoteAction.Path
 	} else {
 		actionDir = filepath.Join(rc.Config.Workdir, stepModel.Uses)
 	}
 
-	actionName, containerActionDir = getContainerActionPaths(stepModel, path.Join(actionDir, actionPath), rc)
+	actionName, containerActionDir = getContainerActionPaths(step)
 	return actionDir, actionPath, actionName, containerActionDir
 }
 
@@ -625,6 +656,7 @@ func runPreStep(step actionStep) common.Executor {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
+		printRunActionHeader(ctx, step.getStepModel(), action, *step.getEnv(), rc)
 		switch {
 		case x.IsNode():
 			if err := maybeCopyToActionDir(ctx, step, actionDir, actionPath, containerActionDir); err != nil {
@@ -661,12 +693,9 @@ func runPreStep(step actionStep) common.Executor {
 			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
 
 			execFileName := action.Runs.Pre + ".out"
-			buildArgs := []string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Pre}
-			execArgs := []string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}
-
 			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(buildArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(execArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Pre}, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
 			)(ctx)
 		default:
 			return nil
@@ -676,22 +705,25 @@ func runPreStep(step actionStep) common.Executor {
 
 func shouldRunPostStep(step actionStep) common.Conditional {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) bool {
+		if remote, ok := step.(*stepActionRemote); ok && remote.preStepStarted && !remote.action.Runs.Using.IsComposite() {
+			return true
+		}
 		log := common.Logger(ctx)
-		stepResults := step.getRunContext().getStepsContext()
+		stepResults := step.getRunContext().StepResults
 		stepResult := stepResults[step.getStepModel().ID]
 
 		if stepResult == nil {
-			log.WithField("stepResult", model.StepStatusSkipped).Debugf("skipping post step for '%s'; step was not executed", step.getStepModel())
+			log.With("stepResult", model.StepStatusSkipped).Debugf("skipping post step for '%s'; step was not executed", step.getStepModel())
 			return false
 		}
 
 		if stepResult.Conclusion == model.StepStatusSkipped {
-			log.WithField("stepResult", model.StepStatusSkipped).Debugf("skipping post step for '%s'; main step was skipped", step.getStepModel())
+			log.With("stepResult", model.StepStatusSkipped).Debugf("skipping post step for '%s'; main step was skipped", step.getStepModel())
 			return false
 		}
 
 		if step.getActionModel() == nil {
-			log.WithField("stepResult", model.StepStatusSkipped).Debugf("skipping post step for '%s': no action model available", step.getStepModel())
+			log.With("stepResult", model.StepStatusSkipped).Debugf("skipping post step for '%s': no action model available", step.getStepModel())
 			return false
 		}
 
@@ -723,6 +755,9 @@ func runPostStep(step actionStep) common.Executor {
 		actionDir, actionPath, _, containerActionDir := actionStagePaths(step)
 
 		x := action.Runs.Using
+		if !x.IsComposite() { // a composite's children print their own
+			logger.With(rawOutputField, true).Info("Post job cleanup.")
+		}
 		switch {
 		case x.IsNode():
 
@@ -755,12 +790,9 @@ func runPostStep(step actionStep) common.Executor {
 			rc.ApplyExtraPath(ctx, step.getEnv())
 
 			execFileName := action.Runs.Post + ".out"
-			buildArgs := []string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Post}
-			execArgs := []string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}
-
 			return common.NewPipelineExecutor(
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(buildArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
-				rc.JobContainer.Exec(execArgs, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{"go", "build", "-o", execFileName, action.Runs.Post}, *step.getEnv(), "", containerActionDir),
+				rc.JobContainer.Exec([]string{filepath.Join(containerActionDir, execFileName)}, *step.getEnv(), "", ""),
 			)(ctx)
 
 		default:

act/runner/action_composite.go

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -32,8 +31,7 @@ func evaluateCompositeInputAndEnv(ctx context.Context, parent *RunContext, step
 	ee := parent.NewStepExpressionEvaluator(ctx, step)
 
 	for inputID, input := range step.getActionModel().Inputs {
-		envKey := regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Z0-9-]").ReplaceAllString(strings.ToUpper(inputID), "_")
-		envKey = "INPUT_" + strings.ToUpper(envKey)
+		envKey := inputEnvKey(inputID)
 
 		// lookup if key is defined in the step but the already
 		// evaluated value from the environment
@@ -54,6 +52,11 @@ func evaluateCompositeInputAndEnv(ctx context.Context, parent *RunContext, step
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	for envKey, value := range (&model.Step{With: step.getStepModel().With}).GetEnv() {
+		if _, ok := env[envKey]; !ok {
+			env[envKey] = value
+		}
+	}
 	gh := step.getGithubContext(ctx)
 	env["GITHUB_ACTION_REPOSITORY"] = gh.ActionRepository
 	env["GITHUB_ACTION_REF"] = gh.ActionRef
@@ -211,19 +214,16 @@ func (rc *RunContext) compositeExecutor(action *model.Action) *compositeSteps {
 		}
 
 		stepID := step.getStepModel().ID
-		stepPre := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.pre())
-		preSteps = append(preSteps, newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPre, stepID))
+		preSteps = append(preSteps, newCompositeStepLogExecutor(rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.pre()), stepID))
 
 		steps = append(steps, newCompositeStepLogExecutor(rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.main()), stepID))
 
 		// run the post executor in reverse order
+		stepPost := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.post())
 		if postExecutor != nil {
-			stepPost := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.post())
-			postExecutor = newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPost.Finally(postExecutor), stepID)
-		} else {
-			stepPost := rc.newCompositeCommandExecutor(step.post())
-			postExecutor = newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPost, stepID)
+			stepPost = stepPost.Finally(postExecutor)
 		}
+		postExecutor = newCompositeStepLogExecutor(stepPost, stepID)
 	}
 
 	steps = append(steps, common.JobError)
@@ -241,14 +241,7 @@ func (rc *RunContext) compositeExecutor(action *model.Action) *compositeSteps {
 
 func (rc *RunContext) newCompositeCommandExecutor(executor common.Executor) common.Executor {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		ctx = WithCompositeLogger(ctx, &rc.Masks)
-
-		logWriter := rc.commandLogWriter(ctx)
-
-		oldout, olderr := rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(logWriter, logWriter)
-		defer rc.JobContainer.ReplaceLogWriter(oldout, olderr)
-
-		return executor(ctx)
+		return rc.withCommandLogWriter(WithCompositeLogger(ctx, &rc.Masks), executor)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -257,12 +250,12 @@ func newCompositeStepLogExecutor(runStep common.Executor, stepID string) common.
 		ctx = WithCompositeStepLogger(ctx, stepID)
 		logger := common.Logger(ctx)
 		err := runStep(ctx)
+		if err == nil {
+			err = ctx.Err()
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(err.Error()))
 			common.SetJobError(ctx, err)
-		} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			logger.Errorf("##[error]%s", EscapeCommandData(ctx.Err().Error()))
-			common.SetJobError(ctx, ctx.Err())
 		}
 		return nil
 	}

act/runner/action_composite_test.go

@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@
 package runner
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/git"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
 
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -17,10 +20,11 @@ import (
 
 func TestCompositeActionParity(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("inherits contexts without leaking inputs", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx := t.Context()
+		hook := logtest.NewWithLevel(logging.LevelWarn)
+		ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.New(hook))
 		strategy := &model.Strategy{MaxParallelString: "3", RawMatrix: yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.MappingNode}}
 		parent := &RunContext{
-			Config:        &Config{},
+			Config:        &Config{PresetGitHubContext: &model.GithubContext{}},
 			Matrix:        map[string]any{"os": "linux"},
 			Run:           &model.Run{JobID: "job", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Name: "workflow", Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"job": {Strategy: strategy}}}},
 			JobContainer:  &jobContainerMock{},
@@ -28,21 +32,26 @@ func TestCompositeActionParity(t *testing.T) {
 			jobIndex:      1,
 			jobTotal:      4,
 		}
-		composite, err := newCompositeRunContext(ctx, parent, &stepActionRemote{
-			Step:       &model.Step{With: map[string]string{"SHARED": "outer"}},
+		step := &stepActionLocal{
+			Step:       &model.Step{Uses: "./action", With: map[string]string{"SHARED": "outer", "extra": "literal${{ github.job }}"}},
 			RunContext: parent,
-			action:     &model.Action{Inputs: map[string]model.Input{"shared": {Default: "outer-default"}}},
+			action:     &model.Action{Inputs: map[string]model.Input{"shared": {Default: "outer-default"}}, Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "composite"}},
 			env:        map[string]string{"INPUT_SHARED": "outer"},
-		}, "/action")
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, runActionImpl(step, "/action", nil)(ctx))
+		require.Len(t, hook.AllRecords(), 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "##[warning]Unexpected input(s) 'extra', valid inputs are ['shared']", hook.LastRecord().Message)
+		composite, err := step.getCompositeRunContext(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		assert.Same(t, strategy, composite.Run.Job().Strategy)
 		assert.True(t, composite.IsHostEnv())
 		interpolated, err := composite.NewExpressionEvaluator(ctx).Interpolate(ctx,
-			"${{ matrix.os }}|${{ strategy.max-parallel }}|${{ strategy.job-index }}|${{ inputs.shared }}")
+			"${{ matrix.os }}|${{ strategy.max-parallel }}|${{ strategy.job-index }}|${{ inputs.shared }}|${{ inputs.extra }}")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "linux|3|1|outer", interpolated)
+		assert.Equal(t, "linux|3|1|outer|literal${{ github.job }}", interpolated)
 		assert.NotContains(t, composite.Env, "INPUT_SHARED")
+		assert.NotContains(t, composite.Env, "INPUT_EXTRA")
 
 		nestedEnv := composite.GetEnv()
 		require.NoError(t, populateEnvsFromInput(ctx, &nestedEnv, &model.Action{Inputs: map[string]model.Input{"shared": {Default: "inner-default"}}}, composite))
@@ -50,9 +59,11 @@ func TestCompositeActionParity(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("propagates pre failures", func(t *testing.T) {
-		setCloneExecutor(t, func(git.NewGitCloneExecutorInput) common.Executor { return common.NewErrorExecutor(assert.AnError) })
+		setFetch(t, func(_ctx context.Context, _input git.NewGitCloneExecutorInput) (string, string, error) {
+			return "", "", assert.AnError
+		})
 		rc := &RunContext{
-			Config:       &Config{GitHubInstance: "github.com", ActionCacheDir: t.TempDir()},
+			Config:       &Config{GitHubInstance: "github.com", ActionCacheDir: t.TempDir(), PresetGitHubContext: &model.GithubContext{}},
 			Run:          &model.Run{JobID: "job", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"job": {}}}},
 			JobContainer: &jobContainerMock{},
 		}
@@ -69,9 +80,9 @@ func TestAppendUniqueMasks(t *testing.T) {
 		want []string
 	}{
 		{
-			name: "appends new masks",
+			name: "appends each new mask once",
 			dst:  []string{"a"},
-			src:  []string{"b", "c"},
+			src:  []string{"b", "c", "b", "a"},
 			want: []string{"a", "b", "c"},
 		},
 		{
@@ -80,12 +91,6 @@ func TestAppendUniqueMasks(t *testing.T) {
 			src:  []string{"a", "b"},
 			want: []string{"a", "b"},
 		},
-		{
-			name: "deduplicates within src",
-			dst:  []string{"a"},
-			src:  []string{"b", "b", "a"},
-			want: []string{"a", "b"},
-		},
 		{
 			name: "empty src leaves dst unchanged",
 			dst:  []string{"a"},
@@ -101,26 +106,6 @@ func TestAppendUniqueMasks(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestAppendUniqueMasksNoExponentialGrowth reproduces the exponential growth of
-// the parent's Masks slice observed with nested/repeated composite actions. A
-// composite RunContext is seeded with its parent's masks and the whole seeded
-// slice was previously appended back into the parent, doubling its length on
-// every composite action.
-func TestAppendUniqueMasksNoExponentialGrowth(t *testing.T) {
-	parentMasks := []string{"secret"}
-
-	for range 20 {
-		// compositeRC.Masks starts as a copy of the parent's masks (it is
-		// seeded with parent.Masks in newCompositeRunContext).
-		compositeMasks := make([]string, len(parentMasks))
-		copy(compositeMasks, parentMasks)
-
-		parentMasks = appendUniqueMasks(parentMasks, compositeMasks)
-	}
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"secret"}, parentMasks)
-}
-
 func TestCompositeStepIfReadsJobStatusExceptInItsOwnMainSteps(t *testing.T) {
 	failStep := func(rc *RunContext) {
 		rc.StepResults["failed"] = &model.StepResult{Conclusion: model.StepStatusFailure}

act/runner/action_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
+	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ import (
 
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/git"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging"
+	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/common/logging/logtest"
 	"gitea.com/gitea/runner/act/container"
 
 	"gitea.dev/actionslib/pkg/model"
@@ -85,6 +88,19 @@ runs:
 				},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name:        "readLowercaseDockerfile",
+			step:        &model.Step{},
+			filename:    "dockerfile",
+			fileContent: "FROM ubuntu:20.04",
+			expected: &model.Action{
+				Name: "(Synthetic)",
+				Runs: model.ActionRuns{
+					Using: "docker",
+					Image: "dockerfile",
+				},
+			},
+		},
 		{
 			name: "readWithArgs",
 			step: &model.Step{
@@ -95,6 +111,7 @@ runs:
 			expected: &model.Action{
 				Name: "(Synthetic)",
 				Inputs: map[string]model.Input{
+					"args": {},
 					"cwd": {
 						Description: "(Actual working directory)",
 						Required:    false,
@@ -126,15 +143,15 @@ runs:
 				return strings.NewReader(tt.fileContent), closerFunc(func() { closed = true }), nil
 			}
 
-			writeFile := func(filename string, data []byte, perm fs.FileMode) error {
+			writeFile := func(filename string, _data []byte, perm fs.FileMode) error {
 				assert.Equal(t, "actionDir/actionPath/trampoline.js", filename)
-				assert.Equal(t, fs.FileMode(0o400), perm)
+				assert.Equal(t, fs.FileMode(0o644), perm)
 				return nil
 			}
 
-			action, err := readActionImpl(context.Background(), tt.step, "actionDir", "actionPath", readFile, writeFile)
+			action, err := readActionImpl(t.Context(), tt.step, "actionDir", "actionPath", readFile, writeFile)
 
-			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, action)
 
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.filename != "", closed)
@@ -143,91 +160,49 @@ runs:
 }
 
 func TestActionRunner(t *testing.T) {
-	table := []struct {
+	t.Chdir(t.TempDir())
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
 		name        string
-		step        actionStep
+		inputs      map[string]model.Input
+		with        map[string]string
+		state       map[string]string
 		expectedEnv map[string]string
+		warning     string
 	}{
 		{
-			name: "with-input",
-			step: &stepActionRemote{
-				Step: &model.Step{
-					Uses: "org/repo/path@ref",
-				},
-				RunContext: &RunContext{
-					Config: &Config{},
-					Run: &model.Run{
-						JobID: "job",
-						Workflow: &model.Workflow{
-							Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
-								"job": {
-									Name: "job",
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				action: &model.Action{
-					Inputs: map[string]model.Input{
-						"key": {
-							Default: "default value",
-						},
-					},
-					Runs: model.ActionRuns{
-						Using: "node16",
-					},
-				},
-				env: map[string]string{},
-			},
+			name:        "with-input",
+			inputs:      map[string]model.Input{"key": {Default: "default value"}},
 			expectedEnv: map[string]string{"INPUT_KEY": "default value"},
 		},
 		{
-			name: "restore-saved-state",
-			step: &stepActionRemote{
-				Step: &model.Step{
-					ID:   "step",
-					Uses: "org/repo/path@ref",
-				},
-				RunContext: &RunContext{
-					ActionPath: "path",
-					Config:     &Config{},
-					Run: &model.Run{
-						JobID: "job",
-						Workflow: &model.Workflow{
-							Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{
-								"job": {
-									Name: "job",
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-					CurrentStep: "post-step",
-					StepResults: map[string]*model.StepResult{
-						"step": {},
-					},
-					IntraActionState: map[string]map[string]string{
-						"step": {
-							"name": "state value",
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				action: &model.Action{
-					Runs: model.ActionRuns{
-						Using: "node16",
-					},
-				},
-				env: map[string]string{},
-			},
+			name:        "declared input ignores case",
+			inputs:      map[string]model.Input{"key": {Default: "default value"}},
+			with:        map[string]string{"KEY": "provided value"},
+			expectedEnv: map[string]string{"INPUT_KEY": "provided value"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "unexpected inputs warn once across stages",
+			inputs:  map[string]model.Input{"key": {}},
+			with:    map[string]string{"KEY": "provided value", "UNKNOWN": "value", "other%0A\r\n": "value"},
+			warning: "##[warning]Unexpected input(s) 'UNKNOWN', 'other%250A%0D%0A', valid inputs are ['key']",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "no declared inputs",
+			with:    map[string]string{"unknown": "value"},
+			warning: "##[warning]Unexpected input(s) 'unknown', valid inputs are ['']",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "restore-saved-state",
+			state:       map[string]string{"name": "state value"},
 			expectedEnv: map[string]string{"STATE_name": "state value"},
 		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range table {
+	} {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ctx := context.Background()
-
+			hook := logtest.NewWithLevel(logging.LevelWarn)
+			ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.New(hook))
 			cm := &containerMock{}
-			cm.On("CopyDir", "/var/run/act/actions/dir/", "dir/", false, true).Return(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
+			containerActionDir := "/var/run/act/actions/" + model.UsesHash("/org/repo/path@ref") + "/"
+			cm.On("CopyDir", containerActionDir, "dir/", false, true).Return(func(_ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
 
 			envMatcher := mock.MatchedBy(func(env map[string]string) bool {
 				for k, v := range tt.expectedEnv {
@@ -237,14 +212,37 @@ func TestActionRunner(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				return true
 			})
+			cm.On("Exec", []string{"node", "--preserve-symlinks-main", containerActionDir + "path"}, envMatcher, "", "").Return(func(_ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
+			cm.On("Exec", nodeActionCommand(containerActionDir+"path/pre.js"), mock.Anything, "", "").Return(func(_ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
+			cm.On("Exec", nodeActionCommand(containerActionDir+"path/post.js"), envMatcher, "", "").Return(func(_ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
 
-			cm.On("Exec", []string{"node", "--preserve-symlinks-main", "/var/run/act/actions/dir/path"}, envMatcher, "", "").Return(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
-
-			tt.step.getRunContext().JobContainer = cm
-
-			err := runActionImpl(tt.step, "dir", mustNewRemoteAction(t, "org/repo/path@ref"))(ctx)
-
-			assert.NoError(t, err) //nolint:testifylint // pre-existing issue from nektos/act
+			remoteAction := mustNewRemoteAction(t, "org/repo/path@ref")
+			step := &stepActionRemote{
+				Step: &model.Step{ID: "step", Uses: "org/repo/path@ref", With: tt.with},
+				RunContext: &RunContext{
+					Config:           &Config{PresetGitHubContext: &model.GithubContext{}},
+					Run:              &model.Run{JobID: "job", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"job": {}}}},
+					IntraActionState: map[string]map[string]string{"step": tt.state},
+					JobContainer:     cm,
+				},
+				action:       &model.Action{Inputs: tt.inputs, Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "node16", Pre: "pre.js", Post: "post.js"}},
+				actionDir:    "dir",
+				env:          (&model.Step{With: tt.with}).GetEnv(),
+				remoteAction: remoteAction,
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, runPreStep(step)(ctx))
+			assert.Empty(t, hook.AllRecords())
+			require.NoError(t, runActionImpl(step, "dir", remoteAction)(ctx))
+			require.NoError(t, runPostStep(step)(ctx))
+			if tt.warning == "" {
+				assert.Empty(t, hook.AllRecords())
+			} else {
+				require.Len(t, hook.AllRecords(), 1)
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.warning, hook.LastRecord().Message)
+				rawOutput, ok := hook.LastRecord().Attr(rawOutputField)
+				require.True(t, ok)
+				assert.Equal(t, true, rawOutput)
+			}
 			cm.AssertExpectations(t)
 		})
 	}
@@ -289,7 +287,7 @@ func TestNewStepContainerDoesNotUseDockerSecrets(t *testing.T) {
 		ContainerNewContainer = origContainerNewContainer
 	}()
 
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 	rc := &RunContext{
 		Name: "job",
 		Config: &Config{
@@ -318,7 +316,6 @@ func TestNewStepContainerDoesNotUseDockerSecrets(t *testing.T) {
 
 	newStepContainer(ctx, step, "registry.example.com/action:tag", nil, nil, "")
 
-	// DOCKER_USERNAME/DOCKER_PASSWORD should not be injected as pull credentials for docker action containers.
 	assert.Empty(t, captured.Username)
 	assert.Empty(t, captured.Password)
 	assert.True(t, captured.AutoRemove)
@@ -326,7 +323,7 @@ func TestNewStepContainerDoesNotUseDockerSecrets(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMaybeCopyToActionDirHoldsCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 
 	actionDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -366,7 +363,10 @@ func TestMaybeCopyToActionDirHoldsCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
 
 	peerAcquired := make(chan struct{})
 	go func() {
-		unlock := git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir)
+		unlock, err := git.AcquireCloneLock(t.Context(), actionDir)
+		if !assert.NoError(t, err) {
+			return
+		}
 		close(peerAcquired)
 		unlock()
 	}()
@@ -400,7 +400,9 @@ func TestMaybeCopyToActionDirHoldsCloneLock(t *testing.T) {
 func TestExecAsDockerHoldsCloneLockForRemoteUncached(t *testing.T) {
 	actionDir := t.TempDir()
 
-	unlockOnce := sync.OnceFunc(git.AcquireCloneLock(actionDir))
+	unlock, err := git.AcquireCloneLock(t.Context(), actionDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	unlockOnce := sync.OnceFunc(unlock)
 	defer unlockOnce()
 
 	innerEntered := make(chan struct{})
@@ -427,7 +429,7 @@ func TestExecAsDockerHoldsCloneLockForRemoteUncached(t *testing.T) {
 	step := &stepActionRemote{
 		Step: &model.Step{ID: "1", Uses: "remote/action@v1", With: map[string]string{}},
 		RunContext: &RunContext{
-			Config: &Config{},
+			Config: &Config{Env: testCheckoutEnv()},
 			Run: &model.Run{
 				JobID: "1",
 				Workflow: &model.Workflow{
@@ -441,7 +443,7 @@ func TestExecAsDockerHoldsCloneLockForRemoteUncached(t *testing.T) {
 		env:    map[string]string{},
 	}
 
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
 	defer cancel()
 
 	done := make(chan error, 1)
@@ -465,19 +467,76 @@ func TestExecAsDockerHoldsCloneLockForRemoteUncached(t *testing.T) {
 
 	cancel()
 	releaseOnce()
-	<-done
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, <-done, context.Canceled)
+}
+
+func TestExecAsDockerImageChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	originalExists, originalBuild, originalContainer := ContainerImageExistsLocally, ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor, ContainerNewContainer
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		ContainerImageExistsLocally, ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor, ContainerNewContainer = originalExists, originalBuild, originalContainer
+	})
+	ContainerNewContainer = func(*container.NewContainerInput) container.ExecutionsEnvironment { return fakeContainer{} }
+
+	for _, testcase := range []struct {
+		name, platform           string
+		exists, matches, rebuild bool
+		wantBuild, wantRemove    bool
+		wantChecks               []string
+	}{
+		{name: "missing image", platform: "linux/arm64", wantBuild: true, wantChecks: []string{"any"}},
+		{name: "unspecified platform", exists: true, matches: true, wantChecks: []string{"any"}},
+		{name: "any platform", platform: "any", exists: true, matches: true, wantChecks: []string{"any"}},
+		{name: "matching platform", platform: "linux/arm64", exists: true, matches: true, wantChecks: []string{"any", "linux/arm64"}},
+		{name: "different platform", platform: "linux/arm64", exists: true, wantBuild: true, wantRemove: true, wantChecks: []string{"any", "linux/arm64"}},
+		{name: "forced rebuild", exists: true, matches: true, rebuild: true, wantBuild: true, wantChecks: []string{"any"}},
+	} {
+		t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var checks []string
+			ContainerImageExistsLocally = func(_ctx context.Context, _image, platform string) (bool, error) {
+				checks = append(checks, platform)
+				return testcase.exists && (platform == "any" || testcase.matches), nil
+			}
+			var built, removed bool
+			ContainerNewDockerBuildExecutor = func(container.NewDockerBuildExecutorInput) common.Executor {
+				return func(context.Context) error { built = true; return nil }
+			}
+			fakeDockerDaemon(t, func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+				if request.Method == http.MethodDelete {
+					removed = true
+					_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, `[]`)
+				} else {
+					_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, `{"Architecture":"aarch64"}`)
+				}
+			})
+			step := &stepActionRemote{
+				Step: &model.Step{ID: "action"},
+				RunContext: &RunContext{
+					Config: &Config{
+						PresetGitHubContext:   &model.GithubContext{},
+						ContainerArchitecture: testcase.platform,
+						ForceRebuild:          testcase.rebuild,
+					},
+					Run:          &model.Run{JobID: "job", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"job": {}}}},
+					JobContainer: &jobContainerMock{},
+				},
+				action: &model.Action{Runs: model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "Dockerfile"}},
+				env:    map[string]string{},
+			}
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			require.NoError(t, execAsDocker(t.Context(), step, "action", dir, dir, false, stepStageMain))
+			assert.Equal(t, testcase.wantChecks, checks)
+			assert.Equal(t, testcase.wantBuild, built)
+			assert.Equal(t, testcase.wantRemove, removed)
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func TestDockerActionImageTag(t *testing.T) {
-	// Remote actions already carry a unique, ref-scoped actionName (the uses
-	// hash), so the tag must be left untouched for backwards compatibility.
 	assert.Equal(t,
 		"act-abc123-dockeraction:latest",
 		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "abc123", false),
 	)
 
-	// Local actions keep a human-readable, repository-namespaced prefix and gain a short hash suffix that makes the tag unique per (repository, actionName).
-	// See https://gitea.com/gitea/runner/issues/1039.
 	assert.Equal(t,
 		"act-owner-repo-baca2daaa2fe-dockeraction:latest",
 		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./", true),
@@ -487,16 +546,11 @@ func TestDockerActionImageTag(t *testing.T) {
 		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./sub", true),
 	)
 
-	// Sanitizing every non-alphanumeric character to "-" is lossy, so distinct inputs can collapse to the same readable prefix.
-	// The hash suffix must keep such cases apart, otherwise an image built for one repository is reused for another.
 	collisions := [][2]struct {
 		repoName   string
 		actionName string
 	}{
-		// Two different repositories, both `uses: ./`: "a/b-c" and "a-b/c" both sanitize to "a-b-c".
 		{{"a/b-c", "./"}, {"a-b/c", "./"}},
-		// A repository's root action vs another repository's sub-path action:
-		// "owner/repo-a" + "./" and "owner/repo" + "./a" both sanitize to "owner-repo-a".
 		{{"owner/repo-a", "./"}, {"owner/repo", "./a"}},
 	}
 	for _, c := range collisions {
@@ -508,7 +562,6 @@ func TestDockerActionImageTag(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 	}
 
-	// Distinct local actions within the same repository keep distinct tags.
 	assert.NotEqual(t,
 		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./", true),
 		dockerActionImageTag("owner/repo", "./sub", true),
@@ -529,15 +582,20 @@ func TestDockerActionImageTag(t *testing.T) {
 func TestExecAsDockerStageEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 	orig := ContainerNewContainer
 	defer func() { ContainerNewContainer = orig }()
+	fakeDockerDaemon(t, func(writer http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, `{"Architecture":"x86_64"}`)
+	})
 
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
 		name           string
 		stage          stepStage
 		with           map[string]string
+		inputs         map[string]model.Input
 		runs           model.ActionRuns
 		env            map[string]string
 		wantCmd        []string
 		wantEntrypoint []string
+		warning        string
 	}{
 		{
 			name:  "main stage prefers manifest values",
@@ -552,17 +610,36 @@ func TestExecAsDockerStageEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 			wantEntrypoint: []string{"main.sh"},
 		},
 		{
-			name:           "main stage uses caller fallbacks",
+			name:           "main stage uses caller fallbacks in any case and warns about undeclared inputs",
 			stage:          stepStageMain,
-			with:           map[string]string{"args": "caller --flag", "entrypoint": "input.sh --verbose"},
+			with:           map[string]string{"ARGS": "caller --flag", "entryPoint": "input.sh --verbose", "unknown": "value"},
+			inputs:         map[string]model.Input{"message": {}},
 			runs:           model.ActionRuns{Env: map[string]string{"ACTION_ONLY": "manifest"}},
 			wantCmd:        []string{"caller", "--flag"},
 			wantEntrypoint: []string{"input.sh", "--verbose"},
+			warning:        "##[warning]Unexpected input(s) 'unknown', valid inputs are ['entryPoint', 'args', 'message']",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "manifest args keep caller input quotes literal",
+			stage:   stepStageMain,
+			with:    map[string]string{"args": "it's literal"},
+			runs:    model.ActionRuns{Args: []string{"${{ inputs.args }}"}},
+			env:     map[string]string{"INPUT_ARGS": "it's literal"},
+			wantCmd: []string{"it's literal"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "caller input skips its default expression",
+			stage:   stepStageMain,
+			with:    map[string]string{"MESSAGE": "provided"},
+			inputs:  map[string]model.Input{"message": {Default: "${{ fromJSON('') }}"}},
+			runs:    model.ActionRuns{Args: []string{"${{ inputs.message }}"}},
+			env:     map[string]string{"INPUT_MESSAGE": "provided"},
+			wantCmd: []string{"provided"},
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "explicit empty manifest args suppress caller args",
 			stage:   stepStageMain,
-			with:    map[string]string{"args": "caller"},
+			with:    map[string]string{"args": "it's ignored"},
 			runs:    model.ActionRuns{Args: []string{}},
 			wantCmd: []string{},
 		},
@@ -588,6 +665,8 @@ func TestExecAsDockerStageEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			hook := logtest.NewWithLevel(logging.LevelWarn)
+			ctx := common.WithLogger(t.Context(), logging.New(hook))
 			tc.runs.Using, tc.runs.Image = "docker", "docker://node:14"
 			cm := &containerMock{}
 			var input *container.NewContainerInput
@@ -599,12 +678,13 @@ func TestExecAsDockerStageEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 			step := &stepActionRemote{
 				Step: &model.Step{ID: "1", Uses: "org/action@v1", With: tc.with},
 				RunContext: &RunContext{
-					Config:       &Config{},
+					Config:       &Config{PresetGitHubContext: &model.GithubContext{}},
 					Run:          &model.Run{JobID: "1", Workflow: &model.Workflow{Jobs: map[string]*model.Job{"1": {}}}},
 					JobContainer: cm,
 				},
-				action: &model.Action{Runs: tc.runs},
-				env:    mergeMaps(tc.env),
+				action:       &model.Action{Inputs: tc.inputs, Runs: tc.runs},
+				env:          mergeMaps(tc.env),
+				remoteAction: mustNewRemoteAction(t, "org/action@v1"),
 			}
 
 			cm.On("Pull", false).Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
@@ -613,7 +693,17 @@ func TestExecAsDockerStageEntrypoint(t *testing.T) {
 			cm.On("Start", true).Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
 			cm.On("Close").Return(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
 
-			require.NoError(t, execAsDocker(context.Background(), step, "action", t.TempDir(), t.TempDir(), false, tc.stage))
+			if tc.stage == stepStageMain {
+				require.NoError(t, runActionImpl(step, t.TempDir(), step.remoteAction)(ctx))
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, execAsDocker(ctx, step, "action", t.TempDir(), t.TempDir(), false, tc.stage))
+			}
+			if tc.warning == "" {
+				assert.Empty(t, hook.AllRecords())
+			} else {
+				require.Len(t, hook.AllRecords(), 1)
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.warning, hook.LastRecord().Message)
+			}
 			require.NotNil(t, input)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantCmd, input.Cmd)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantEntrypoint, input.Entrypoint)
@@ -628,7 +718,7 @@ func TestDockerActionHasPreAndPostStep(t *testing.T) {
 	newStep := func(runs model.ActionRuns) actionStep {
 		return &stepActionRemote{action: &model.Action{Runs: runs}}
 	}
-	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx := t.Context()
 
 	assert.False(t, hasPreStep(newStep(model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "Dockerfile"}))(ctx))
 	assert.False(t, hasPostStep(newStep(model.ActionRuns{Using: "docker", Image: "Dockerfile"}))(ctx))

act/runner/cancellation_test.go

@@ -62,149 +62,101 @@ func TestCancelledJobStatusEnablesAlwaysAndCancelledSteps(t *testing.T) {
 	enabled, err := interp.Evaluate("always()", exprparser.DefaultStatusCheckSuccess)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, true, enabled, "`if: always()` step must run on a cancelled job")
-	setJobResult(context.Background(), rc, rc, true)
+	setJobResult(t.Context(), rc, rc, true)
 	assert.Equal(t, "cancelled", rc.Run.Job().Result)
 }
 
-// TestMainStepsExecutorRunsAlwaysStepsAfterCancel verifies that newMainStepsExecutor does
-// not abandon the remaining steps when the run is cancelled mid-pipeline. The later step
-// still runs (so a main-stage always() step is reached), it runs under a fresh,
-// non-cancelled context, and the job is marked cancelled. The interrupt error is still
-// propagated so callers up the chain see the cancellation.
-func TestMainStepsExecutorRunsAlwaysStepsAfterCancel(t *testing.T) {
-	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
-	})
+func TestMainStepsExecutorRunsAlwaysStepsAfterInterruption(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, wantError := range map[string]error{"cancel": context.Canceled, "timeout": context.DeadlineExceeded} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+				"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+			})
+			var ctx context.Context
+			var interrupt func()
+			if wantError == context.Canceled {
+				ctx, interrupt = context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+				defer interrupt()
+			} else {
+				deadline := newControllableDeadlineContext(t.Context())
+				ctx, interrupt = deadline, deadline.expire
+			}
 
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
+			var ran []string
+			var laterStepCtxErr error
+			err := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, []common.Executor{
+				func(_ctx context.Context) error {
+					ran = append(ran, "step1")
+					interrupt()
+					return nil
+				},
+				func(ctx context.Context) error {
+					ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+					laterStepCtxErr = ctx.Err()
+					return nil
+				},
+			})(ctx)
 
-	var ran []string
-	var laterStepCtxErr error
-	steps := []common.Executor{
-		func(_ context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "step1")
-			cancel() // server cancellation lands while step1 runs
-			return nil
-		},
-		func(c context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
-			laterStepCtxErr = c.Err()
-			return nil
-		},
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, wantError)
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{"step1", "always-step"}, ran)
+			require.NoError(t, laterStepCtxErr)
+			assert.Equal(t, wantError == context.Canceled, rc.jobCancelled)
+			setJobResult(t.Context(), rc, rc, true)
+			if wantError == context.DeadlineExceeded {
+				assert.True(t, rc.jobFailed)
+				assert.Equal(t, "failure", rc.getJobContext().Status)
+				assert.Equal(t, "failure", rc.Run.Job().Result)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, "cancelled", rc.Run.Job().Result)
+			}
+		})
 	}
-
-	err := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, steps)(ctx)
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled, "interrupt error is propagated")
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"step1", "always-step"}, ran, "the always() step still runs after cancel")
-	require.NoError(t, laterStepCtxErr, "remaining steps run under a fresh, non-cancelled context")
-	assert.True(t, rc.jobCancelled, "the job is marked cancelled")
 }
 
-// TestMainStepsExecutorMarksFailedOnTimeoutBetweenSteps guards the timeout path's symmetry with the cancel path.
-// When the job deadline (timeout-minutes) lands in the gap between two steps, the job must be marked as failed (not cancelled),
-// so always()/failure() cleanup steps run while default success() steps skip, and so the timed-out job is not reported as success.
-func TestMainStepsExecutorMarksFailedOnTimeoutBetweenSteps(t *testing.T) {
-	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
-	})
+func TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreInterruption(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, tt := range map[string]struct {
+		cancel    bool
+		preErr    error
+		wantError error
+	}{
+		"cancel":  {cancel: true, wantError: context.Canceled},
+		"failure": {preErr: assert.AnError, wantError: assert.AnError},
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
+				"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
+			})
+			ctx := t.Context()
+			var cancel context.CancelFunc
+			if tt.cancel {
+				ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+				defer cancel()
+			}
 
-	ctx := newControllableDeadlineContext(context.Background())
+			var ran []string
+			var mainStepCtxErr error
+			err := newStepsExecutor(rc, []common.Executor{
+				func(_ctx context.Context) error {
+					ran = append(ran, "pre1")
+					if tt.cancel {
+						cancel()
+					}
+					return tt.preErr
+				},
+			}, []common.Executor{
+				func(ctx context.Context) error {
+					ran = append(ran, "always-step")
+					mainStepCtxErr = ctx.Err()
+					return nil
+				},
+			})(ctx)
 
-	var ran []string
-	var laterStepCtxErr error
-	steps := []common.Executor{
-		func(context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "step1")
-			ctx.expire()
-			return nil
-		},
-		func(c context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
-			laterStepCtxErr = c.Err()
-			return nil
-		},
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, tt.wantError)
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{"pre1", "always-step"}, ran)
+			require.NoError(t, mainStepCtxErr)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.cancel, rc.jobCancelled)
+		})
 	}
-
-	err := newMainStepsExecutor(rc, steps)(ctx)
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded, "the timeout error is propagated")
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"step1", "always-step"}, ran, "the always() step still runs after a timeout")
-	require.NoError(t, laterStepCtxErr, "remaining steps run under a fresh, non-expired context")
-	assert.True(t, rc.jobFailed, "a job timeout marks the job failed")
-	assert.False(t, rc.jobCancelled, "a timeout is not a cancellation")
-
-	// The status the real main-step `if` evaluation sees: "failure", so default success() steps skip while always()/failure() steps run.
-	assert.Equal(t, "failure", rc.getJobContext().Status)
-}
-
-// TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreCancel verifies that a cancellation landing during the
-// pre phase does not abandon the main steps: newStepsExecutor still runs the main-steps executor,
-// so a main-stage always()/cancelled() step is reached (under a fresh, non-cancelled context),
-// the job is marked cancelled, and the cancellation is propagated. Before the fix the `.Then(...)`
-// short-circuit skipped the main steps entirely when a pre step was cancelled.
-func TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreCancel(t *testing.T) {
-	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
-	})
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	var ran []string
-	var mainStepCtxErr error
-	preSteps := []common.Executor{
-		func(_ context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "pre1")
-			cancel() // server cancellation lands during the pre phase
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-	steps := []common.Executor{
-		func(c context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
-			mainStepCtxErr = c.Err()
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	err := newStepsExecutor(rc, preSteps, steps)(ctx)
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled, "the cancellation is propagated")
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pre1", "always-step"}, ran, "the main always() step runs after a pre-phase cancel")
-	require.NoError(t, mainStepCtxErr, "the main step runs under a fresh, non-cancelled context")
-	assert.True(t, rc.jobCancelled, "the job is marked cancelled")
-}
-
-// TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreFailure verifies that a failing pre step does not abandon
-// the main steps: they still run (so a main-stage always()/failure() step is reached), and the
-// pre-step error is propagated so the job is reported as failed. The main steps' own `if`
-// evaluation is what skips success()-default steps, so running them here is safe.
-func TestStepsExecutorRunsMainStepsAfterPreFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
-		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
-	})
-
-	var ran []string
-	preSteps := []common.Executor{
-		func(_ context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "pre1")
-			return assert.AnError
-		},
-	}
-	steps := []common.Executor{
-		func(_ context.Context) error {
-			ran = append(ran, "always-step")
-			return nil
-		},
-	}
-
-	err := newStepsExecutor(rc, preSteps, steps)(context.Background())
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, assert.AnError, "the pre-step error is propagated")
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pre1", "always-step"}, ran, "the main always() step runs after a pre-step failure")
-	assert.False(t, rc.jobCancelled, "a pre-step failure is not a cancellation")
 }
 
 // TestPreStepFailureAffectsMainStepIfStatus verifies the status path used by real
@@ -215,7 +167,7 @@ func TestPreStepFailureAffectsMainStepIfStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	rc := createIfTestRunContext(map[string]*model.Job{
 		"job1": createJob(t, `runs-on: ubuntu-latest`, ""),
 	})
-	ctx := common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background())
+	ctx := common.WithJobErrorContainer(t.Context())
 
 	reportStepError(ctx, rc, assert.AnError)
 
@@ -251,7 +203,7 @@ func TestPreStepFailureAffectsMainStepIfStatus(t *testing.T) {
 // from cancellation (so the steps run) yet still carry a usable error container.
 func TestPostStepsContextCancelledIsUsableForFailingStep(t *testing.T) {
 	jobSpan := trace.NewSpanContext(trace.SpanContextConfig{TraceID: trace.TraceID{1}, SpanID: trace.SpanID{1}})
-	cancelled, cancel := context.WithCancel(trace.ContextWithSpanContext(common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background()), jobSpan))
+	cancelled, cancel := context.WithCancel(trace.ContextWithSpanContext(common.WithJobErrorContainer(t.Context()), jobSpan))
 	cancel()
 	require.ErrorIs(t, cancelled.Err(), context.Canceled)
 
@@ -273,7 +225,7 @@ func TestPostStepsContextCancelledIsUsableForFailingStep(t *testing.T) {
 // job-error container (via context.WithoutCancel), so the timeout failure and any post-step error
 // survive into the post phase and the job is still reported as failed.
 func TestPostStepsContextDeadlinePreservesJobError(t *testing.T) {
-	base := common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background())
+	base := common.WithJobErrorContainer(t.Context())
 	common.SetJobError(base, assert.AnError)
 	expired, cancel := context.WithDeadline(base, time.Now().Add(-time.Hour))
 	defer cancel()
@@ -292,14 +244,14 @@ func TestReportStepErrorTreatsCancelAsInterruption(t *testing.T) {
 	rc := &RunContext{}
 
 	// stray read cancellation while the job context is live: ignored, not a failure
-	live := common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background())
+	live := common.WithJobErrorContainer(t.Context())
 	reportStepError(live, rc, context.Canceled)
 	require.NoError(t, common.JobError(live))
 	assert.False(t, rc.jobFailed)
 	assert.False(t, rc.jobCancelled)
 
 	// genuine job cancellation: recorded as cancelled, still not a failure
-	cancelled, cancel := context.WithCancel(common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background()))
+	cancelled, cancel := context.WithCancel(common.WithJobErrorContainer(t.Context()))
 	cancel()
 	reportStepError(cancelled, rc, context.Canceled)
 	require.NoError(t, common.JobError(cancelled))
@@ -307,7 +259,7 @@ func TestReportStepErrorTreatsCancelAsInterruption(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, rc.jobCancelled)
 
 	// a real error still fails the job
-	failed := common.WithJobErrorContainer(context.Background())
+	failed := common.WithJobErrorContainer(t.Context())
 	reportStepError(failed, rc, assert.AnError)
 	require.ErrorIs(t, common.JobError(failed), assert.AnError)
 	assert.True(t, rc.jobFailed)