添加编译debug版glibc及简单的gdb调试方法
修改： README.md 新文件： glibc-debug-gdb.md Signed-off-by: Xu, Shunxuan <sxxu@linx-info.com>
This commit is contained in:
Xu, Shunxuan
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## [研发一部服务器信息](linx1_server_info.md)
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## [firefox编译过程记录](firefox.md)
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## [编译调试版glibc以及gdb调试的简单用法](glibc-debug-gdb.md)
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glibc-debug-gdb.md
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glibc-debug-gdb.md
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# 编译调试版glibc以及gdb调试的简单用法 #
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## 一、概述 ##
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1、编译调试版glibc
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2、如何使用gdb调试代码
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## 二、编译glibc ##
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1、下载源码：
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```
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git clone git@gitlab.rd.in.linx:linx6.0.42/applications.git
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cd application/packages/g/glibc
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```
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2、在glibc configure编译时添加--enable-debug选项
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```
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vi Pkgfile
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#修改版本与glibc区分
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LINX_VERSION=linx-debugns
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#在configure中添加如下内容:
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--enable-debug=yes CFLAGS="-O1 -g" CPPFLAGS="-O1 -g"
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```
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3、编译
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需要特别注意：需添加-ns参数，no strip(保留调试信息)
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```
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pkgmk -kw -s -pa post_add.sh -pm post_mk.sh -ns
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```
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4、安装
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```
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pkgadd glibc#2.5-x86_64-linx-debugns-Rocky4.2.pkg.tar.gz -u
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```
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## 三、使用gdb调试 ##
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### 1、首先编译一个二进制文件 ###
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g++ -lpthread pthread_test.cpp -g -o pthread_test
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参数说明：
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```
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-lpthread: 编译时添加链接库
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pthread_test.cpp : 需要编译的C++程序
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-g: 开启debug调试选项
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-o: 制定目标名称，缺省时编译出的文件是a.out
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pthread_test : 编译后的二进制文件名
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```
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检测二进制文件是否支持debug调试
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```
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readelf -S ./pthread_test |grep debug
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```
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如需要关闭二进制文件中的debug，如下命令：
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```
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strip -S pthread_test
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```
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### 2、gdb简单调试示例 ###
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在使用gdb调试时，需要glibc/work/src源码目录,否则调试时会报错,找不到文件。
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```
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localhost:~ # gdb -q pthread_jjli
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Reading symbols from /root/pthread_jjli...done.
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(gdb) b main #在main()函数设置断点
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Breakpoint 1 at 0x4007e4: file pthread_jjli.cpp, line 21.
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(gdb) r #运行程序
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Starting program: /root/pthread_jjli
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Breakpoint 1, main () at pthread_jjli.cpp:21
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21 float useTime = 0;
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(gdb) s #执行下一条代码
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22 unsigned int loop = 0;
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(gdb)
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24 printf("Thread creation use hello\n");
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(gdb)
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Thread creation use hello
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27 loop ++;
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(gdb)
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28 gettimeofday(&tv_begin, NULL);
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(gdb)
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29 res = pthread_create(&a_thread, NULL, thread_function, NULL);
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(gdb)
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30 gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
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(gdb)
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31 for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
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(gdb)
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32 *(p+i) = 1;
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(gdb)
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Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
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0x000000000040084a in main () at pthread_jjli.cpp:32
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32 *(p+i) = 1;
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(gdb) where #显示代码出错位置
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#0 0x000000000040084a in main () at pthread_jjli.cpp:32
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(gdb) bt #跟踪错误
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#0 0x000000000040084a in main () at pthread_jjli.cpp:32
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(gdb) l #显示代码
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27 loop ++;
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28 gettimeofday(&tv_begin, NULL);
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29 res = pthread_create(&a_thread, NULL, thread_function, NULL);
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30 gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);
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31 for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
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32 *(p+i) = 1;
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33 }
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34
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35 if (res != 0)
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36 {
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(gdb)
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```
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### 3、gdb使用 ###
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(1)简介：
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GDB是一个由GNU开源组织发布的、UNIX/LINUX操作系统下的、基于命令行的、功能强大的程序调试工具。
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需要特别注意的是，在使用gdb调试时，必须保证其源码在当前目录，例如在调试glibc时，需要glibc/work/src源码目录,否则调试时会报错。
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(2)gdb命令说明：
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```
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常用命令：
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r: 程序开始运行
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b: 设置断点
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c: 程序继续运行
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q: 退出程序
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d: 删除断点
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s: 执行下一条代码,如果函数进入函数
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n: 一条一条执行
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where: 显示代码出错位置
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bt: 跟踪错误
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l: 默认显示10行代码
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p: 打印变量的值
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回车: 执行上一条gdb命令
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扩展命令：
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delete break: 删除所有断点
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delete break n: 删除某个断点，n为断点号
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clear n: 删除设置在n行的断点
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disable break n: 禁用某个断点，n为断点号
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enable break n: 使能莫个断点，n为断点号
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info b: 查看所有断点信息
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info b n: 查看第n个断点的信息
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list: 默认显示10行代码
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finish: 运行到当前函数返回
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l_行号或函数名: 列出源码
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```
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(3)运行gdb的几种方式：
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gdb pthread_test: 进入gdb模式并加载文件
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```
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localhost:~ # gdb pthread_test
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GNU gdb (GDB) 7.6.2
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Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
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This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
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There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
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and "show warranty" for details.
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This GDB was configured as "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu".
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For bug reporting instructions, please see:
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<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
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Reading symbols from /root/pthread_test...done.
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(gdb)
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```
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dgb -q pthread_test: 不输出gdb的版本信息说明
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```
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localhost:~ # gdb -q pthread_test
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Reading symbols from /root/pthread_test...done.
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(gdb)
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```
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gdb -q :进入gdb模式，然后再加载文件
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```
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localhost:~ # gdb -q
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(gdb) file pthread_test
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Reading symbols from /root/pthread_test...done.
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(gdb)
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```
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(4)如果关闭debug调试，如下所示：
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```
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localhost:~ # gdb -q
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(gdb) file pthread_jjli
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Reading symbols from /root/pthread_jjli...(no debugging symbols found)...done.
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(gdb) b main
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Breakpoint 1 at 0x4007e0
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(gdb) r
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Starting program: /root/pthread_jjli
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(no debugging symbols found)
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(no debugging symbols found)
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(no debugging symbols found)
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(no debugging symbols found)
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(no debugging symbols found)
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(no debugging symbols found)
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(no debugging symbols found)
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Breakpoint 1, 0x00000000004007e0 in main ()
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(gdb)
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```
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