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438 lines
140 KiB
Markdown
438 lines
140 KiB
Markdown
# 注释
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## 使用文本框进行注释
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先看一个简单的例子：
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In [1]:
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```py
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import numpy.random
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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%matplotlib inline
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fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(5,5))
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fig.clf()
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ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
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ax.set_aspect(1)
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x1 = -1 + numpy.random.randn(100)
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y1 = -1 + numpy.random.randn(100)
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x2 = 1. + numpy.random.randn(100)
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y2 = 1. + numpy.random.randn(100)
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ax.scatter(x1, y1, color="r")
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ax.scatter(x2, y2, color="g")
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# 加上两个文本框
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bbox_props = dict(boxstyle="round", fc="w", ec="0.5", alpha=0.9)
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ax.text(-2, -2, "Sample A", ha="center", va="center", size=20,
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bbox=bbox_props)
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ax.text(2, 2, "Sample B", ha="center", va="center", size=20,
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bbox=bbox_props)
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# 加上一个箭头文本框
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bbox_props = dict(boxstyle="rarrow", fc=(0.8,0.9,0.9), ec="b", lw=2)
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t = ax.text(0, 0, "Direction", ha="center", va="center", rotation=45,
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size=15,
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bbox=bbox_props)
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bb = t.get_bbox_patch()
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bb.set_boxstyle("rarrow", pad=0.6)
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ax.set_xlim(-4, 4)
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ax.set_ylim(-4, 4)
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plt.show()
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```
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`text()` 函数接受 `bbox` 参数来绘制文本框。
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```py
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bbox_props = dict(boxstyle="rarrow,pad=0.3", fc="cyan", ec="b", lw=2)
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t = ax.text(0, 0, "Direction", ha="center", va="center", rotation=45,
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size=15,
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bbox=bbox_props)
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```
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可以这样来获取这个文本框，并对其参数进行修改：
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```py
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bb = t.get_bbox_patch()
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bb.set_boxstyle("rarrow", pad=0.6)
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```
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可用的文本框风格有：
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| class | name | attrs |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| LArrow | larrow | pad=0.3 |
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| RArrow | rarrow | pad=0.3 |
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| Round | round | pad=0.3,rounding_size=None |
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| Round4 | round4 | pad=0.3,rounding_size=None |
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| Roundtooth | roundtooth | pad=0.3,tooth_size=None |
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| Sawtooth | sawtooth | pad=0.3,tooth_size=None |
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| Square | square | pad=0.3 |
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In [2]:
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```py
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import matplotlib.patches as mpatch
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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styles = mpatch.BoxStyle.get_styles()
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figheight = (len(styles)+.5)
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fig1 = plt.figure(figsize=(4/1.5, figheight/1.5))
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fontsize = 0.3 * 72
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ax = fig1.add_subplot(111)
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for i, (stylename, styleclass) in enumerate(styles.items()):
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ax.text(0.5, (float(len(styles)) - 0.5 - i)/figheight, stylename,
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ha="center",
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size=fontsize,
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transform=fig1.transFigure,
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bbox=dict(boxstyle=stylename, fc="w", ec="k"))
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# 去掉轴的显示
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ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
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ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
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ax.spines['left'].set_color('none')
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ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('none')
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plt.xticks([])
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plt.yticks([])
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plt.show()
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```
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各个风格的文本框如上图所示。
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## 使用箭头进行注释
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In [3]:
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```py
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plt.figure(1, figsize=(3,3))
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ax = plt.subplot(111)
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ax.annotate("",
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xy=(0.2, 0.2), xycoords='data',
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xytext=(0.8, 0.8), textcoords='data',
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->",
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connectionstyle="arc3"),
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)
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plt.show()
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```
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之前介绍了 `annotate` 中 `xy, xycoords, xytext, textcoords` 参数的含义，通常我们把 `xy` 设在 `data` 坐标系，把 `xytext` 设在 `offset` 即以注释点为原点的参考系。
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箭头显示是可选的，用 `arrowprops` 参数来指定，接受一个字典作为参数。
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不同类型的绘制箭头方式：
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In [4]:
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```py
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
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x1, y1 = 0.3, 0.3
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x2, y2 = 0.7, 0.7
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fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(8,3))
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fig.clf()
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from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid.axes_grid import AxesGrid
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from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid.anchored_artists import AnchoredText
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#from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
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def add_at(ax, t, loc=2):
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fp = dict(size=10)
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_at = AnchoredText(t, loc=loc, prop=fp)
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ax.add_artist(_at)
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return _at
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grid = AxesGrid(fig, 111, (1, 4), label_mode="1", share_all=True)
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grid[0].set_autoscale_on(False)
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ax = grid[0]
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ax.plot([x1, x2], [y1, y2], ".")
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el = mpatches.Ellipse((x1, y1), 0.3, 0.4, angle=30, alpha=0.2)
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ax.add_artist(el)
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ax.annotate("",
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xy=(x1, y1), xycoords='data',
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xytext=(x2, y2), textcoords='data',
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="-", #linestyle="dashed",
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color="0.5",
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patchB=None,
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shrinkB=0,
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connectionstyle="arc3,rad=0.3",
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),
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)
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add_at(ax, "connect", loc=2)
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ax = grid[1]
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ax.plot([x1, x2], [y1, y2], ".")
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el = mpatches.Ellipse((x1, y1), 0.3, 0.4, angle=30, alpha=0.2)
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ax.add_artist(el)
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ax.annotate("",
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xy=(x1, y1), xycoords='data',
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xytext=(x2, y2), textcoords='data',
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="-", #linestyle="dashed",
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color="0.5",
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patchB=el,
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shrinkB=0,
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connectionstyle="arc3,rad=0.3",
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),
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)
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add_at(ax, "clip", loc=2)
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ax = grid[2]
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ax.plot([x1, x2], [y1, y2], ".")
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el = mpatches.Ellipse((x1, y1), 0.3, 0.4, angle=30, alpha=0.2)
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ax.add_artist(el)
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ax.annotate("",
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xy=(x1, y1), xycoords='data',
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xytext=(x2, y2), textcoords='data',
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="-", #linestyle="dashed",
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color="0.5",
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patchB=el,
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shrinkB=5,
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connectionstyle="arc3,rad=0.3",
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),
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)
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add_at(ax, "shrink", loc=2)
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ax = grid[3]
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ax.plot([x1, x2], [y1, y2], ".")
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el = mpatches.Ellipse((x1, y1), 0.3, 0.4, angle=30, alpha=0.2)
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ax.add_artist(el)
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ax.annotate("",
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xy=(x1, y1), xycoords='data',
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xytext=(x2, y2), textcoords='data',
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="fancy", #linestyle="dashed",
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color="0.5",
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patchB=el,
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shrinkB=5,
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connectionstyle="arc3,rad=0.3",
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),
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)
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add_at(ax, "mutate", loc=2)
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grid[0].set_xlim(0, 1)
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grid[0].set_ylim(0, 1)
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grid[0].axis["bottom"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
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grid[0].axis["left"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
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fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.05, right=0.95, bottom=0.05, top=0.95)
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plt.draw()
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plt.show()
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```
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字典中，`connectionstyle` 参数控制路径的风格：
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| Name | Attr |
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| --- | --- |
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| angle | angleA=90,angleB=0,rad=0.0 |
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| angle3 | angleA=90,angleB=0 |
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| arc | angleA=0,angleB=0,armA=None,armB=None,rad=0.0 |
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| arc3 | rad=0.0 |
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| bar | armA=0.0,armB=0.0,fraction=0.3,angle=None |
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In [5]:
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```py
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
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fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(8,5))
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fig.clf()
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from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid.axes_grid import AxesGrid
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from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid.anchored_artists import AnchoredText
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#from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
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def add_at(ax, t, loc=2):
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fp = dict(size=8)
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_at = AnchoredText(t, loc=loc, prop=fp)
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ax.add_artist(_at)
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return _at
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grid = AxesGrid(fig, 111, (3, 5), label_mode="1", share_all=True)
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grid[0].set_autoscale_on(False)
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x1, y1 = 0.3, 0.3
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x2, y2 = 0.7, 0.7
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def demo_con_style(ax, connectionstyle, label=None):
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if label is None:
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label = connectionstyle
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x1, y1 = 0.3, 0.2
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x2, y2 = 0.8, 0.6
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ax.plot([x1, x2], [y1, y2], ".")
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ax.annotate("",
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xy=(x1, y1), xycoords='data',
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xytext=(x2, y2), textcoords='data',
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", #linestyle="dashed",
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color="0.5",
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shrinkA=5, shrinkB=5,
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patchA=None,
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patchB=None,
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connectionstyle=connectionstyle,
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),
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)
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add_at(ax, label, loc=2)
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column = grid.axes_column[0]
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demo_con_style(column[0], "angle3,angleA=90,angleB=0",
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label="angle3,\nangleA=90,\nangleB=0")
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demo_con_style(column[1], "angle3,angleA=0,angleB=90",
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label="angle3,\nangleA=0,\nangleB=90")
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column = grid.axes_column[1]
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demo_con_style(column[0], "arc3,rad=0.")
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demo_con_style(column[1], "arc3,rad=0.3")
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demo_con_style(column[2], "arc3,rad=-0.3")
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column = grid.axes_column[2]
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demo_con_style(column[0], "angle,angleA=-90,angleB=180,rad=0",
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label="angle,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=180,\nrad=0")
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demo_con_style(column[1], "angle,angleA=-90,angleB=180,rad=5",
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label="angle,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=180,\nrad=5")
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demo_con_style(column[2], "angle,angleA=-90,angleB=10,rad=5",
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label="angle,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=10,\nrad=0")
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column = grid.axes_column[3]
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demo_con_style(column[0], "arc,angleA=-90,angleB=0,armA=30,armB=30,rad=0",
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label="arc,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=0,\narmA=30,\narmB=30,\nrad=0")
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demo_con_style(column[1], "arc,angleA=-90,angleB=0,armA=30,armB=30,rad=5",
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label="arc,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=0,\narmA=30,\narmB=30,\nrad=5")
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demo_con_style(column[2], "arc,angleA=-90,angleB=0,armA=0,armB=40,rad=0",
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label="arc,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=0,\narmA=0,\narmB=40,\nrad=0")
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column = grid.axes_column[4]
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demo_con_style(column[0], "bar,fraction=0.3",
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label="bar,\nfraction=0.3")
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demo_con_style(column[1], "bar,fraction=-0.3",
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label="bar,\nfraction=-0.3")
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demo_con_style(column[2], "bar,angle=180,fraction=-0.2",
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label="bar,\nangle=180,\nfraction=-0.2")
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#demo_con_style(column[1], "arc3,rad=0.3")
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#demo_con_style(column[2], "arc3,rad=-0.3")
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grid[0].set_xlim(0, 1)
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grid[0].set_ylim(0, 1)
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grid.axes_llc.axis["bottom"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
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grid.axes_llc.axis["left"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
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fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.05, right=0.95, bottom=0.05, top=0.95)
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plt.draw()
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plt.show()
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```
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`arrowstyle` 参数控制小箭头的风格：
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| Name | Attrs |
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| --- | --- |
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| `-` | None |
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| `->` | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
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| `-[` | widthB=1.0,lengthB=0.2,angleB=None |
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| ¦`-`¦ | widthA=1.0,widthB=1.0 |
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| `-`¦`>` | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
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| `<-` | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
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| `<->` | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
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| `<`¦`-` | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
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| `<`¦-¦`>` | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
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| `fancy` | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.4,tail_width=0.4 |
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| `simple` | head_length=0.5,head_width=0.5,tail_width=0.2 |
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| `wedge` | tail_width=0.3,shrink_factor=0.5 |
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In [6]:
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```py
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import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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styles = mpatches.ArrowStyle.get_styles()
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ncol=2
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nrow = (len(styles)+1) // ncol
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figheight = (nrow+0.5)
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fig1 = plt.figure(1, (4.*ncol/1.5, figheight/1.5))
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fontsize = 0.2 * 70
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ax = fig1.add_axes([0, 0, 1, 1], frameon=False, aspect=1.)
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ax.set_xlim(0, 4*ncol)
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ax.set_ylim(0, figheight)
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def to_texstring(s):
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s = s.replace("<", r"$<$")
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s = s.replace(">", r"$>$")
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s = s.replace("|", r"$|$")
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return s
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for i, (stylename, styleclass) in enumerate(sorted(styles.items())):
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x = 3.2 + (i//nrow)*4
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y = (figheight - 0.7 - i%nrow) # /figheight
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p = mpatches.Circle((x, y), 0.2, fc="w")
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ax.add_patch(p)
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ax.annotate(to_texstring(stylename), (x, y),
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(x-1.2, y),
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#xycoords="figure fraction", textcoords="figure fraction",
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ha="right", va="center",
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size=fontsize,
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arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle=stylename,
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patchB=p,
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shrinkA=5,
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shrinkB=5,
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fc="w", ec="k",
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connectionstyle="arc3,rad=-0.05",
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),
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bbox=dict(boxstyle="square", fc="w"))
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ax.xaxis.set_visible(False)
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ax.yaxis.set_visible(False)
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plt.draw()
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plt.show()
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```
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