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- const README: rewrite the space-saving claim per issue #5 follow-ups (constant-expression const vs #define immediates; which const qualify as constant expressions) - const README: fix the class-section diagnosis per issue #338 (overload resolution picks the const overload; the restriction only surfaces once that overload is removed) - sizeof README: virtual-inheritance result is compiler-dependent (GCC merges vbptr+vfptr -> 16, MSVC keeps them separate -> 32) #246 - static README: new section on internal linkage / access restriction with anonymous-namespace comparison #142 - 10-day practice: full problem list table + fixed day links #136 - new design_pattern/singleton/singleton_default.hpp: reusable thread-safe CRTP singleton template, compile+concurrency tested #303
57 lines
1.8 KiB
Markdown
57 lines
1.8 KiB
Markdown
> 来自 [C++那些事网站](https://light-city.github.io/stories_things/cpp-things/cpp-template-disambiguator/) 的文章,由站点同步脚本导出。
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# C++ 模板消歧
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## 1.背景
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最近看到一段代码:
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```cpp
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auto chunk_left = first_sort_key.template GetChunk<ArrayType>(left);
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```
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请问,这里的`.template`代表什么意义?
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本节将从实际例子出发,探讨这个意义。
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## 2.template disambiguator
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在C++中,当使用模板的依赖名称(dependent names)时,有时需要使用模板消除符(template disambiguator)来帮助编译器区分这些名称。所谓"dependent names"是指依赖于模板参数的类型或值,编译器不能在实例化模板之前确定它们的具体含义。这可能会导致编译器在解析这些名称时产生二义性。
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模板消除符(template disambiguator)使用关键字"template"来明确告诉编译器一个特定的名称是一个模板。这样编译器就可以正确地解析该名称,而不会产生二义性。
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关键字template只能在操作符::(作用域解析)、->(通过指针访问成员)和.(成员访问),以下都是有效的示例
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- T::template foo<X>();
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- s.template foo<X>();
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- this->template foo<X>();
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- typename T::template iterator<int>::value_type v;
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官方资料:
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> https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/dependent_name
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假设有下面这个代码,我们如果不加.template会得到什么?
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```cpp
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template <typename T>
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auto foo_is_not_a_template() {
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// ((T::foo) < 34) > (::val())
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return T::foo<34>::val();
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}
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```
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上述会被解析为:((T::foo) < 34) > (::val())
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对应的.template例子为:
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```cpp
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template <typename T>
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auto foo_is_a_template() {
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return T::template foo<34>::val();
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}
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```
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这样便调用会正确解析为模版,foo<34>。
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本节完整代码将会在星球公布,感兴趣加入即可,谢谢! |