mirror of
https://github.com/Light-City/CPlusPlusThings.git
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- const README: rewrite the space-saving claim per issue #5 follow-ups (constant-expression const vs #define immediates; which const qualify as constant expressions) - const README: fix the class-section diagnosis per issue #338 (overload resolution picks the const overload; the restriction only surfaces once that overload is removed) - sizeof README: virtual-inheritance result is compiler-dependent (GCC merges vbptr+vfptr -> 16, MSVC keeps them separate -> 32) #246 - static README: new section on internal linkage / access restriction with anonymous-namespace comparison #142 - 10-day practice: full problem list table + fixed day links #136 - new design_pattern/singleton/singleton_default.hpp: reusable thread-safe CRTP singleton template, compile+concurrency tested #303
58 lines
1.8 KiB
Markdown
58 lines
1.8 KiB
Markdown
> 来自 [C++那些事网站](https://light-city.github.io/stories_things/cpp-things/cpp-vs-rust-destructor/) 的文章,由站点同步脚本导出。
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# C++ 与 Rust 析构对比
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在Rust中mem::forget用于防止对象的析构,跳过清理工作,从而让资源的释放交给其他机制管理。
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例如:
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```cpp
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let file = File::open("foo.txt").unwrap();
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mem::forget(file);
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```
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那么在C++中如何防止析构?即跳过析构函数呢?
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**本节将给出三种办法,完整代码示例也放于星球。**
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## 1. `placement new`
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`placement new`可以让我们手动管理对象的构造和析构。如果不手动调用对象的析构函数,我们就可以跳过对象的析构,从而实现类似`mem::forget`的效果。
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例如:
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```cpp
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alignas(Foo) std::byte storage[sizeof(Foo)]; // 分配对齐的原始内存块
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Foo* pfoo = new (storage) Foo(); // 在这块内存上构造Foo对象
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```
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在上面的代码中,`placement new`创建了对象`pfoo`,但我们不调用析构函数,这样可以跳过对象的清理逻辑。
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## 2. 使用智能指针的自定义删除器
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另一种实现类似功能的方法是通过自定义智能指针的删除器,防止对象被销毁。我们可以定义一个不执行任何操作的删除器,从而避免析构函数的调用。
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```cpp
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std::unique_ptr<Foo, NoOpDeleter> pfoo(new Foo(), NoOpDeleter{});
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```
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使用自定义的删除器`NoOpDeleter`,我们可以防止`std::unique_ptr`在离开作用域时调用析构函数,从而实现类似`mem::forget`的效果。
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## 3.union
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union的方案很神奇,大家知道原理吗?欢迎留言区一起讨论~
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```cpp
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template <class T>
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union Wrapper {
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T value;
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~Wrapper() {}
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};
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struct Foo {
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~Foo() { std::cout << "dtor foo\n"; }
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};
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Wrapper<Foo> f;
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// f.value.~Foo); 必须手动调用
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``` |