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- const README: rewrite the space-saving claim per issue #5 follow-ups (constant-expression const vs #define immediates; which const qualify as constant expressions) - const README: fix the class-section diagnosis per issue #338 (overload resolution picks the const overload; the restriction only surfaces once that overload is removed) - sizeof README: virtual-inheritance result is compiler-dependent (GCC merges vbptr+vfptr -> 16, MSVC keeps them separate -> 32) #246 - static README: new section on internal linkage / access restriction with anonymous-namespace comparison #142 - 10-day practice: full problem list table + fixed day links #136 - new design_pattern/singleton/singleton_default.hpp: reusable thread-safe CRTP singleton template, compile+concurrency tested #303
78 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
78 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
> 来自 [C++那些事网站](https://light-city.github.io/stories_things/cpp-things/std-function-cpp/) 的文章,由站点同步脚本导出。
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# C++ std::function 详解
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最近在写C++代码时用到了`is_function`,然后顺便看了一下源码实现,发现了一些问题,以前咱们学习的是三个点`...`,那六个点`......`你知道是啥吗?
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同样,如果有一段这样的代码:
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```
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template<typename... Args>
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struct foo(Args......);
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```
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你知道是啥意思?
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下面我们一起来深入细节!
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## 1.六个点
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六个点我们通常叫做two ellipsis operators,我们可以将六个点进行拆分,于是得到下面三种情况
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```
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template <typename... Args> void foo1(Args......)
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template <typename... Args> void foo2(Args... ...)
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template <typename... Args> void foo3(Args..., ...)
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```
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这下就好看了,我们来看std::is_function的代码。
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## 2.is_function实现细节
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`std::is_function`的实现涉及到主模板和两个偏特化:
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```cpp
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// 主模板,假设提供的类型不是函数类型
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template<typename T>
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struct is_function : std::false_type {};
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// 偏特化,用于正常的函数类型
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template<typename Ret, typename... Args>
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struct is_function<Ret(Args...)> : std::true_type {};
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// 偏特化,用于变参函数类型
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template<typename Ret, typename... Args>
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struct is_function<Ret(Args......)> : std::true_type {};
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```
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- 主模板假设提供的类型不是函数类型,并将`std::false_type`作为结果。
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- 第一个偏特化用于正常的函数类型,其中`Ret`表示返回类型,`Args...`表示参数类型。如果提供的类型匹配这种函数签名,则`std::true_type`作为结果。
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- 第二个偏特化用于变参函数类型,其中的省略号表示函数具有可变数量的参数。同样,如果提供的类型匹配这种函数签名,则`std::true_type`作为结果。
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## 3.使用示例
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最后给出一个`std::is_function`的使用示例:
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```cpp
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#include <iostream>
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#include <type_traits>
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int func(int x, int y) { return x + y; }
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int vararg_func(int x, ...) { return x; }
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int main() {
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std::cout << std::boolalpha;
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std::cout << "Is func a function? " << std::is_function<decltype(func)>::value << std::endl;
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std::cout << "Is vararg_func a function? " << std::is_function<decltype(vararg_func)>::value << std::endl;
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return 0;
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}
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```
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这将输出:
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```
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Is func a function? true
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Is vararg_func a function? true
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```
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你学会了吗,本节完~ |