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- const README: rewrite the space-saving claim per issue #5 follow-ups (constant-expression const vs #define immediates; which const qualify as constant expressions) - const README: fix the class-section diagnosis per issue #338 (overload resolution picks the const overload; the restriction only surfaces once that overload is removed) - sizeof README: virtual-inheritance result is compiler-dependent (GCC merges vbptr+vfptr -> 16, MSVC keeps them separate -> 32) #246 - static README: new section on internal linkage / access restriction with anonymous-namespace comparison #142 - 10-day practice: full problem list table + fixed day links #136 - new design_pattern/singleton/singleton_default.hpp: reusable thread-safe CRTP singleton template, compile+concurrency tested #303
146 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
146 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
> 来自 [C++那些事网站](https://light-city.github.io/stories_things/modern-cpp/cpp11/variadic-templates-cpp/) 的文章,由站点同步脚本导出。
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# C++ 可变参数模板
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## 《C++那些事》之可变参数模版
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最近在看Arrow的源代码发现了一个比较有意思的设计,在一个plan中可以添加多个节点,例如:proj、agg等等。
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今天来讲讲这一块的设计与实现。
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## 1.添加节点
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对于一个plan通常需要添加一堆节点,这里便是调用EmplaceNode来实现的。
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```cpp
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return plan->EmplaceNode<ScalarAggregateNode>(
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plan, std::move(inputs), schema(std::move(fields)), std::move(target_field_ids),
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std::move(aggregates), std::move(kernels), std::move(states),
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std::move(owned_options));
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```
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同理,如果添加一个proj节点就是:
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```cpp
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return plan->EmplaceNode<ProjectNode>(plan, std::move(inputs),
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schema(std::move(fields)), std::move(exprs),
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project_options.async_mode);
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```
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那么究竟是什么魅力让代码写的如此丝滑?
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这里把Plan简单写一下:
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```cpp
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class ARROW_EXPORT ExecPlan
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{
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public:
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template <typename Node, typename... Args>
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Node* EmplaceNode(Args&&... args) {
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std::unique_ptr<Node> node{new Node{std::forward<Args>(args)...}};
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auto out = node.get();
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AddNode(std::move(node));
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return out;
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}
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}
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```
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看上这个语法非常的复杂,没错,它是11之后的可变参数模版,这里解释一下这段代码的含义,就是将参数包丢给对应的Node构造函数。这个例子可能看起来比较复杂,接下来我们进入Demo环节。
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### 2.Demo
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接下来我们创建了一个图,图中有两个不同的节点,分别是节点 A与 节点B,为了简单器件这里使用一个函数模版EmplaceNode。
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```cpp
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NodeA* nodeA = EmplaceNode<NodeA>("Node A", 10, 3.14);
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NodeB* nodeB = EmplaceNode<NodeB>(1, "Node B");
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```
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完整代码如下:
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```cpp
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#include <iostream>
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#include <vector>
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#include <memory>
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class NodeA {
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public:
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NodeA(const std::string& name, int value, double weight)
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: name_(name), value_(value), weight_(weight) {}
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const std::string& GetName() const {
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return name_;
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}
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private:
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std::string name_;
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int value_;
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double weight_;
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};
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class NodeB {
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public:
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NodeB(int id, const std::string& desc)
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: id_(id), desc_(desc) {}
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int GetID() const {
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return id_;
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}
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private:
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int id_;
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std::string desc_;
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};
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template<typename Node, typename... Args>
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Node* EmplaceNode(Args&&... args) {
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std::unique_ptr<Node> node{new Node{std::forward<Args>(args)...}};
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auto out = node.get();
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// AddNode(std::move(node));
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return out;
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}
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int main() {
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NodeA* nodeA = EmplaceNode<NodeA>("Node A", 10, 3.14);
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NodeB* nodeB = EmplaceNode<NodeB>(1, "Node B");
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std::cout << "Node A name: " << nodeA->GetName() << std::endl;
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std::cout << "Node B ID: " << nodeB->GetID() << std::endl;
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return 0;
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}
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```
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## 3.拓展-实现一个print函数可以打印任意类型数据
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简单实现版本:
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使用可变模版参数+递归方式实现即可。
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每次拆分成一个+一堆,直到只剩下一个,所以有一个处理一个的函数与处理一个+一堆的函数,分别对应第一个print_impl与第二个print_impl。
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```cpp
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#include <iostream>
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#include <utility>
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template <typename T>
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void print_impl(T&& t) {
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std::cout << t;
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}
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template <typename T, typename... Args>
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void print_impl(T&& t, Args&&... args) {
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std::cout << t;
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print_impl(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
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}
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template <typename... Args>
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void print(Args&&... args) {
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print_impl(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
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}
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int main() {
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int x = 1;
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const char* str = "Hello, world!";
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print("The value of x is ", x, ", and the string is ", str, ".\n");
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return 0;
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}
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``` |